• In addition, biologic indicators of tobacco exposure serum cotinine (metabolite of nicotine) and urinary NNAL measurements are available in the COTNAL laboratory data file. (cdc.gov)
  • During the first trimester, all had a concentration of cotinine - a nicotine byproduct - in their blood consistent with low levels of smoke exposure, ranging from essentially none to levels consistent with secondhand smoke. (eurekalert.org)
  • This indicates exposure to nicotine in the last few days and is the gold standard for determining tobacco exposure. (yahoo.com)
  • The arithmetic mean concentration of nicotine and total dust declined from 28.3 microg m(-3) (range, 0.4-88.0) and 262 microg m(-3) (range, 52-662), respectively, to 0.6 microg m(-3) (range, not detected-3.7) and 77 microg m(-3) (range, not detected-261) after the smoking ban. (nih.gov)
  • A substantial reduction of airborne nicotine and total dust was observed after the introduction of a smoking ban in bars and restaurants. (nih.gov)
  • trans -3-Hydroxycotinine is the major urinary metabolite of nicotine in man and can serve as an important biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. (astm.org)
  • This ELISA is therefore a sensitive test for the determination of trans -3-hydroxycotinine in plasma, saliva, and urine samples from humans and animals, and can be used to monitor exposure to tobacco smoke or nicotine. (astm.org)
  • The NRT provided will support those who smoke and prevent them experiencing nicotine withdrawals. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary cotinine concentrations in hotel workers and air nicotine levels in bars. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • Mulcahy, Maurice and Evans, David S and Hammond, SK and Repace, JL and Byrne, M (2005) Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary cotinine concentrations in hotel workers and air nicotine levels in bars. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • Main Outcome Measures: Salivary cotinine concentrations (ng/ml), duration of self reported exposures to secondhand smoke, air nicotine (microg/cubic metre). (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • Tobacco smoke contains over 7000 chemicals including nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, and carbon monoxide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: Studying the neural consequences of tobacco smoking during adolescence, including those associated with early light use, may help expose the mechanisms that underlie the transition from initial use to nicotine dependence in adulthood. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • After additional adjustment for parental smoking throughout childhood, excess overall risks for asthma remained statistically significant. (lu.se)
  • When age-specific associations were examined, the elevated risks related to SHS exposure in utero or during infancy were mostly confined to early childhood for asthma and rhinitis, whereas the excess risk of eczema appeared greatest at later ages. (lu.se)
  • The American Cancer Society has more on the risks of secondhand smoke . (yahoo.com)
  • For patients with a history of SHS exposure, failure of providers to include the right questions may leave risks hidden and opportunities for early intervention lost. (frontiersin.org)
  • The researchers call for more awareness of the health risks of smoke exposure using campaigns along with better modeling and climate change mitigation to decrease the number of deaths due to smoke exposure. (earth.com)
  • Most importantly, it removes the risks of children's exposure to second-hand smoke. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: Passive smoking and associated risks were significantly reduced but not totally eliminated. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • Harmful exposure to these environmental risks could begin in the mother's womb and affect fetal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 26 of the 48 sites, over 20% of the students currently smoked cigarettes, with males having higher rates than females in 37 sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GYTS uses a standard core questionnaire, sample design, and currently smoked cigarettes. (who.int)
  • The study, published today in Environmental Health Perspectives by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, is the first to connect secondhand smoke during pregnancy with epigenetic modifications to disease-related genes, measured at birth, which supports the idea that many adult diseases have their origins in environmental exposures - such as stress, poor nutrition, pollution or tobacco smoke - during early development. (eurekalert.org)
  • Wildfire smoke contains high levels of the smallest and deadliest type of particle pollution, known as PM 2.5. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One possible explanation for the link between wildfire smoke exposure and preterm birth, the authors say, is that the pollution may trigger an inflammatory response, which then sets delivery in motion. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially ground-level ozone , is like smoking about a pack of cigarettes a day for many years, a new study says, and like smoking, it can can lead to emphysema. (cnn.com)
  • It looked at exposure to air pollution - specifically to ground-level ozone, fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxide and black carbon. (cnn.com)
  • Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution such as burning candles, smoking indoors, and using fireplaces. (grahamco.com)
  • it had formed as California GASP (Group Against Smoking Pollution). (nationalacademies.org)
  • The good news is there are more proven tools than ever before to help you quit successfully, including cessation (quit smoking) medicines and coaching and counseling. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and cessation counseling among medical students using the GHPSS data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tobacco control efforts must discourage tobacco use among health professionals, promote smoke free workplaces, and implement programs that train medical students in effective cessation-counseling techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Only a few studies have collected information on tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), and training to provide cessation counseling among medical students. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Smoking cessation in a hospital based practice - does it work? (ers-education.org)
  • How much does smoking cessation (SC) medications impacts on the income of the attendees of a smoking cessation clinic? (ers-education.org)
  • Implementing evidence-based health behaviour change in smoking cessation: what works? (ers-education.org)
  • Source: International Congress 2017 - Translating "evidence-based behaviour change" and "e-health" interventions into practice: what works in smoking cessation and smoking prevention? (ers-education.org)
  • Do healthcare professionals' smoking habits affect their interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalized patients? (ers-education.org)
  • Does short message service (SMS) increase adherence to smoking cessation clinic appointments and quitting smoking? (ers-education.org)
  • As suggested by the GINA recommendations, treatment was optimised to include smoking cessation 3 months before evaluation of the antibody treatment. (ersjournals.com)
  • On the basis of these findings, smoking tobacco should be considered an important modifiable risk factor for young patients with diabetes mellitus, highlighting the need for intensified smoking prevention and cessation programs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If neither your state nor community have adopted laws preventing exposure to secondhand smoke in public areas, look for restaurants and other public places that do not allow smoking. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, an experimental model of the involuntary smoker is described and the following hypothesis proposed: Passive exposure to tobacco smoke produces morphological alterations in the rat lung, which are compatible with emphysema. (nih.gov)
  • 1 One hypothesis on the effect of smoking is that smoking causes citrullination of peptides and in the context of RA susceptibility genes contribute to the elicitation of immunity to these citrullinated proteins/peptides and eventually to the onset of RA. (bmj.com)
  • The classic theory of emphysema is the protease-antiprotease hypothesis, which states that cigarette smoke evokes an ongoing inflammatory response, and that proteases released from these inflammatory cells destroy the lung matrix, leading to the enlarged airspaces of emphysema ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • One hypothesis, taken in its broadest sense, is that, as opposed to the small airways, the lung parenchyma in smokers is unable to repair in the normal fashion, and in particular is unable to replace matrix damaged directly or indirectly by cigarette smoke ( 6 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • Another hypothesis has been termed "failure of lung maintenance," and suggests that smoke induces apoptosis of lung structural cells and that this leads to emphysema ( 7 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • This study tests the hypothesis that cigarette smoke (CS) exposures can impair brain insulin/IGF signaling and alter expression of AD-associated proteins. (iospress.nl)
  • OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of prenatal and postnatal second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure on asthma, rhinitis, and eczema development up to 16 years of age. (lu.se)
  • Dr Rachel O'Donnell, of the University of Stirling's Institute for Social Marketing and Health , said: "Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke is particularly common in lower-income families, with 12% of children reporting daily exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in the home, compared to less than 1% in higher income homes. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Protection from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke : policy recommendations. (who.int)
  • Semple S, Latif N. How Long Does Secondhand Smoke Remain in Household Air: Analysis of PM 2.5 Data From Smokers' Homes . (cdc.gov)
  • When the response is "no," the respondent is not asked the follow-up question about exposure to smokers at the location. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.01) in the next morning in 24 non-snuffing non-smokers before the smoking ban. (nih.gov)
  • The decline found in smokers may suggest a reduction in the amount of smoking after intervention. (nih.gov)
  • Study authors explain that this covert accumulation of thirdhand smoke poses a very real health threat to both smokers and non-smokers alike. (studyfinds.org)
  • After controlling for potential confounding factors including demographic, lifestyle , clinical variables, and PM2.5, radon exposure was significantly associated with incident ischemic stroke among never- smokers ( hazard ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.01-1.90]) but not ever- smokers . (bvsalud.org)
  • Findings from this study suggest that the association between residential radon exposure and incidence of ischemic stroke varies by smoking status and may be prominent in never- smokers . (bvsalud.org)
  • More than 3 in 4 current smokers tried to stop smoking in the past 12 months. (who.int)
  • More than 8 in 10 current smokers wanted to stop smoking now. (who.int)
  • We know from previous work in this area, that this type of initiative can help people to do better than they thought they could in terms of reducing their smoking - with participants in similar programmes often reducing the number of cigarettes they smoke by 50% or more. (stir.ac.uk)
  • A new study analyzing exposure to secondhand smoke among adolescents worldwide, is now available. (seatca.org)
  • In addition, the neural mechanism, if one exists, that links nicotinic receptor genes to smoking behavior in adolescents is still unknown. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Nearly a quarter of pregnant women say they've been around secondhand smoke - in their homes, at work, around a friend or relative - which, according to new research, is linked to epigenetic changes - meaning changes to how genes are regulated rather than changes to the genetic code itself - in babies that could raise the risk of developmental disorders and cancer. (eurekalert.org)
  • Even low levels of smoke from secondhand exposure affect epigenetic marks in disease-related pathways. (eurekalert.org)
  • Interestingly, the authors described how one mechanism whereby cigarette smoke exposure may relate to overweight and obesity occurs via what are called epigenetic mechanisms, meaning that early life exposure to cigarette smoke may actually change the expression of DNA in these young people. (drperlmutter.com)
  • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says dust masks aren't enough to avoid both large and small particles in smoke. (grahamco.com)
  • Wildfire smoke is a mix of gases and fine particles from burning trees, plants, buildings, and other material. (cdc.gov)
  • Wildfire smoke can affect people even if they are not near the fire source, due to exposure to particles of PM 2.5 , which are inhalable air pollutants with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 microns. (cdc.gov)
  • People of all demographics significantly underreported their exposure, but Black respondents had the highest rates of exposure and underreporting. (yahoo.com)
  • On average, the variables of respiratory function of both the exposed and the control subjects increased significantly within one hour and from one to three hours after exposure. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSION: As the increase in the respiratory function of the subjects can be attributable to normal diurnal variation, the significantly lower increase in respiratory function of the exposed group than in the control group is probably due to exposure to formaldehyde. (bmj.com)
  • We show that the local laws significantly increased workplace smoking restrictions for blue collar workers, and among this group the laws (and, by implication, workplace smoking bans) reduced ETS exposure by 28-33 percent. (uwpress.org)
  • The main consequences of CS4 or CS8 exposures were to significantly reduce insulin R, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and tyrosine phosphorylated insulin R and IGF-1R proteins. (iospress.nl)
  • However, experimental data linking tobacco smoke exposures to underlying mediators of neurodegeneration, including impairments in brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in AD are lacking. (iospress.nl)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that early SHS exposure, in utero or during infancy, influences the development of allergic disease up to adolescence. (lu.se)
  • ConclUSIONS: SHS exposure, as assessed by plasma cotinine, was positively associated with hs-CRP in this group of blue-collar workers. (harvard.edu)
  • Conclusions Smoking is a preventable risk factor for RA. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Environmental exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos may be associated with increased DNA damage in human sperm, as indicated by a change in comet assay parameters. (cdc.gov)
  • Secondhand smoke exposure was defined as serum cotinine level of 0.05-10 ng/mL. (cdc.gov)
  • Sixty Wistar rats were used, divided into two groups: a control group and a group that was passively exposed to tobacco smoke for a period of 3 months. (nih.gov)
  • 28.0% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. (who.int)
  • 55.7% of students were exposed to tobacco smoke inside enclosed public places. (who.int)
  • Exposure to wildfire smoke during pregnancy increases the risk that a baby will be born too early, a new Stanford University study suggests. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Wildfire smoke (WFS) increases the risk of respiratory hospitalizations. (nature.com)
  • The researchers used global climate model simulations to estimate how much particulate matter exposure impacted air quality in the early and mid 21st century, and were also able to predict particular matter increases towards the latter end of the century. (earth.com)
  • Increased emergency department visits for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions can occur during the days immediately following wildfire smoke exposure, with increases in associated morbidity and mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • It's unknown how much smoke exposure is considered causal for unwanted traits, but the risk increases with continual or multiple exposures. (mossadams.com)
  • The consequences of prolonged exposure in close proximity to parental smoking are exacerbated by infants' immature immune and pulmonary systems [2], small body size and higher rates of ventilation [3]. (who.int)
  • More comprehensive reviews of the history of smoking bans and the scientific evidence and societal forces for and against them can be found in The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General (HHS, 2006) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation (IOM, 2007). (nationalacademies.org)
  • A report of the surgeon general focuses entirely on the health consequences of involuntary smoking, proclaiming secondhand smoke a cause of lung cancer in healthy nonsmokers. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The National Research Council issues a report on the health consequences of involuntary smoking. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Community studies in Europe, United States, Australia and elsewhere in the world have suggested that smoking by mothers and other household members results in increased risk of chronic childhood otitis media, coughs, wheezing, bronchitis, asthma and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) [1,4-6]. (who.int)
  • Children who live in a household where at least one person smokes are more likely to develop asthma and chest infections - like pneumonia and bronchitis. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Have you noticed whether dust exposure makes your child's asthma worse? (cdc.gov)
  • Do you know that dust exposure can trigger asthma symptoms? (cdc.gov)
  • Early-life tobacco smoke (ELTS) exposure is a major asthma risk factor. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Only a few genetic loci have been reported to interact with ELTS exposure in asthma. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Objective: Our aim was to identify new loci interacting with ELTS exposure on time-to-asthma onset (TAO) in childhood.Methods: We conducted genome-wide interaction analyses of ELTS exposure on time-to-asthma onset in childhood in five European-ancestry studies (totaling 8,273 subjects) using Cox proportional-hazard model. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: We identified novel candidate genes interacting with ELTS exposure on time-to-asthma onset in childhood. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Wildfire smoke exposure may exacerbate respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular chronic conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and congestive heart failure. (cdc.gov)
  • Proactively counsel patients on strategies to avoid or reduce smoke exposure, especially among individuals with asthma, COPD, or cardiovascular disease, children, older adults, and those who are pregnant. (cdc.gov)
  • however, these drugs are used in patients with severe asthma and a history of smoking [ 6 - 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a real-world setting how a history of smoking and comorbid COPD affect the clinical outcome of patients suffering from severe asthma that are treated with monoclonal antibodies. (ersjournals.com)
  • Despite the negative effects that involuntarily inhaled tobacco smoke can have on the lung, no experimental model of the passive smoker has been proposed. (nih.gov)
  • On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that the rats that were exposed in a passive way to tobacco smoke display morphological pulmonary alterations that are compatible with the definition of emphysema. (nih.gov)
  • A total of 60.0% of infants were reported to be exposed to passive smoking at home and 36.4% had detectable levels of urine cotinine (mean 7.1 ng/mL, range 0.27-41 ng/mL). (who.int)
  • Passive smoking and CVD. (ers-education.org)
  • The subjects were divided into three groups according to their smoking habits: no smoking (NS), passive smoking (PS), active smoking (AS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Few prior studies have evaluated the relationship between active and passive smoking in juvenile type 1 diabetic subjects and metabolic parameters related to increased CV risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rochon has alleged that he was forced to live and work in environments filled with tobacco smoke and that the prison smoking policies amounted to an unreasonable risk and deliberate indifference to his health. (prisonlegalnews.org)
  • There is no safe level of secondhand smoke exposure, and long-term exposure can increase the risk of many chronic conditions, such as coronary heart disease, respiratory disease and cancers,' said lead author Ruixuan (Roxanne) Wang , a doctoral candidate in the College of Public Health and Health Professions at the University of Florida. (yahoo.com)
  • Despite evidence that SHS is a risk factor for disease, most healthcare organizations and many physicians fail to ask patients about their history of SHS exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • In human studies that look for risk factors for disease, the failure to ask about an individual's history of SHS exposure may lead to confusing or less significant results. (frontiersin.org)
  • Smoke from wildfires negatively impacts cardiovascular health, can cause eye and lung irritation, and increase the risk of early death from particulate exposure. (earth.com)
  • Background Earlier studies have demonstrated that smoking and genetic risk factors interact in providing an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
  • Objectives To determine the association between the amount of smoking and risk of RA in the context of different HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles, and to estimate proportions of RA cases attributed to smoking. (bmj.com)
  • The increased risk due to smoking is dependent on the amount of smoking and genotype. (bmj.com)
  • Smoking is the most established environmental risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
  • We have therefore used our population-based study, the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA), to estimate the relative risk of RA conferred by different amounts of smoking in the context of different HLA-DRB1 genotypes, and to estimate the excess fraction (EF) of RA cases attributed to smoking. (bmj.com)
  • The first report of the surgeon general to identify secondhand smoke as posing a health risk is released. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Smoking during pregnancy is a well-known risk factor for adverse birth outcomes such as spontaneous abortion [ 4 ], low birth weight, and preterm birth [ 5 ] that, in turn might affect children's development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, SHS exposure should be considered a modifiable risk factor for delayed neurodevelopment and cognitive impairment in children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is reminding healthcare professionals seeing patients affected by wildfire smoke to be alert to the possible adverse effects of smoke exposure , particularly among individuals at higher risk of severe outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Consider smoke exposure in patients who live in wildfire smoke-affected areas identified on AirNow presenting with any of the signs and symptoms noted above, paying particular attention to those at higher risk of developing complications. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers demonstrated a very strong relationship between early life exposure to parental cigarette smoke and risk for later overweight/obesity. (drperlmutter.com)
  • Exposure to parental smoking in childhood was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity, central obesity and adiposity measured by skinfold thickness from childhood to adulthood. (drperlmutter.com)
  • While the mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, nonetheless, the research certainly reveals a powerful relationship between early life cigarette smoke exposure and risk for weight gain. (drperlmutter.com)
  • Although biologically plausible, research of residential radon exposure in relation to stroke risk is scarce. (bvsalud.org)
  • Given the vast uncertainty and risk due to smoke exposure-and the lack of specific and effective solutions-wineries that attempt to produce a 2020 vintage with smoke-exposed grapes will likely conduct R&D activities that meet the four-part test criteria. (mossadams.com)
  • Human studies suggest tobacco smoking is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). (iospress.nl)
  • Future fire impacts on smoke concentrations, visibility, and health in the contiguous United States. (nature.com)
  • Exposure to SHS was measured by plasma cotinine concentrations. (harvard.edu)
  • Design, Setting, and Participants: Before and after the smoking ban a cohort of workers (n = 35) from a sample of city hotels (n = 15) were tested for saliva cotinine concentrations and completed questionnaires. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • We quantified urine cotinine concentrations in mothers once from 12th to 20th gestational weeks and excluded those whose urine cotinine levels exceeded 42.7 ng/ml to represent SHS exposure in early pregnancy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Individual exposures were measured as spot urinary metabolite concentrations of chlorpyrifos [3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)] and carbaryl [1-naphthol (1N)], adjusted using specific gravity. (cdc.gov)
  • Thirdhand smoke (THS), meanwhile, is a far more mysterious phenomenon - in large part because it's so subtle and hard to detect. (studyfinds.org)
  • Thirdhand smoke refers to the residual pollutants from tobacco smoke that linger on indoor surfaces like couches or tables, and in dust, long after the cigarette's been smoked. (studyfinds.org)
  • While this accumulation is near impossible to notice at first, eventual discoloration and staining is common among walls or countertops habitually exposed to thirdhand smoke. (studyfinds.org)
  • She explains the skin is the largest organ to usually make contact with thirdhand smoke, thus receiving the greatest exposure. (studyfinds.org)
  • Part of the California Thirdhand Smoke Research Consortium and funded by the California Tobacco Related Disease Research Program , the Thirdhand Smoke Resource Center shares information and resources to protect Californians from exposure to persistent and toxic residue left behind by tobacco, electronic cigarette, and marijuana use. (thirdhandsmoke.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in respiratory function within one hour and three hours of exposure to formaldehyde and investigate the relation between exposure to formaldehyde and acute changes in respiratory function. (bmj.com)
  • The committee here discusses some of the issues around smoking bans that are relevant to the evaluation and interpretation of the literature on the effect of bans on the incidence of acute coronary events. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Now, researchers from the University of California-Riverside say acute exposure to THS can lead to skin disease. (studyfinds.org)
  • More specifically, the team at UCR have discovered that acute exposure to THS appears to result in the elevation of biomarkers associated with the development of various skin diseases including contact dermatitis and psoriasis. (studyfinds.org)
  • Alarmingly, acute dermal exposure to THS mimics the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. (studyfinds.org)
  • We found acute THS exposure caused elevation of urinary biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins, and these biomarkers remained high after the exposure stopped," adds Sakamaki-Ching, now a research scientist at Kite Pharma in California, where he leads a stem cell team. (studyfinds.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Correlates of Prenatal and Early-Life Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Frequency of Common Gene Deletions in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. (duke.edu)
  • San Francisco passes a law to place private workplaces under smoking restrictions. (nationalacademies.org)
  • HCP is required for workplaces when noise exposure exceeds 85 dBA according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines. (noiseandhealth.org)
  • The NHANES full sample 2-Year MEC Exam Weights (WTMEC2YR) can be used to analyze the 2013-2014 SMQSHS variables in conjunction with the laboratory measurements on tobacco exposure, or any examination-related data. (cdc.gov)
  • The smoking and tobacco use - secondhand smoke exposure (variable name prefix SMQSHS) questionnaire provides information on potential exposure to other persons' cigarette and tobacco smoke in various indoor environments over the past 7 days. (cdc.gov)
  • Mothers completed a questionnaire about smoking habits of household members, and urine samples were obtained from infants for analysis of cotinine levels. (who.int)
  • Les mères ont rempli un questionnaire sur les habitudes tabagiques des membres du ménage, et des échantillons d'urine ont été prélevés sur les nourrissons en vue d'une analyse des niveaux de cotinine. (who.int)
  • Assessment of dietary habits, physical activity, tobacco smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke through self-report was achieved by an interviewer-administered questionnaire, modified from Turconi et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What we recommend to mothers in general is that no level of smoke exposure is safe," said study lead author Bernard Fuemmeler, Ph.D., M.P.H., associate director for population science and interim co-leader of the Cancer Prevention and Control program at VCU Massey Cancer Center. (eurekalert.org)
  • The study, published Aug. 14 in Environmental Research , finds there may have been as many as 7,000 extra preterm births in California attributable to wildfire smoke exposure between 2007 and 2012. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The patients were all healthy when they started the study, and researchers controlled for factors that could compromise lung health, including age and whether the person was a smoker or was regularly exposed to secondhand smoke. (cnn.com)
  • According to the results of sensitive blood tests, more than half of American adults in the study had recently been exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. (yahoo.com)
  • A lot of people who think they don't have secondhand smoke exposure actually do, according to a new study that compared survey answers with blood tests. (yahoo.com)
  • To study exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during the first year of life, 220 infants attending the outpatient paediatric clinic of the University of Jordan for routine visits with their mothers were recruited to the study. (who.int)
  • Researchers too can improve study design and outcomes when they recognize the impact of SHS exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • Now, a new study has found that the number of deaths from wildfire smoke exposure could more than double in the coming years. (earth.com)
  • Different climate scenarios were modeled for the study in order to analyze how wildfire smoke would impact air quality given different atmospheric greenhouse gas levels. (earth.com)
  • The present study characterises the frequency of youth being exposed to smoking in their homes and cars, and the beliefs that youth have about restricting people from smoking around youth in those locations. (bmj.com)
  • A new research study aiming to tackle the number of children breathing in second-hand smoke at home is launching in Lanarkshire. (stir.ac.uk)
  • We hope that this research study will take the pressure off participants and take those who smoke closer to thinking about quitting - supporting them to take that first, important step on the journey to a smoke-free home. (stir.ac.uk)
  • The team will take saliva samples from the young person in the home before and after the 12-week study, to measure changes in how much second-hand smoke they have breathed in. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Features of infant exposure to tobacco smoke in a cohort study in Tasmania. (bmj.com)
  • We explored the association between prenatal exposure to SHS and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age considering genetic polymorphism and breastfeeding in 720 mothers and their offspring enrolled in the Korean multicenter birth cohort study (Mothers and Children Environmental Health, MOCEH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we assessed the simultaneous effect of noise and smoking on standard pure tone audiometry (PTA) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DP-OAEs). (noiseandhealth.org)
  • This study showed that smoking can aggravate the effect of noise on hearing in DP-OAEs. (noiseandhealth.org)
  • Smoking Modifies the Association Between Radon Exposure and Incident Ischemic Stroke: The REGARDS Study. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study explored whether environmental exposures to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos are associated with DNA damage in human sperm. (cdc.gov)
  • This is the first study in a Mediterranean population, looking at tobacco smoke and cardio-metabolic factors in youth with T1D. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The smoke billowing from the fires sent plumes of fine particulate matter as far away as North Carolina and northern Europe. (vindy.com)
  • Even with declines in particulate matter exposure from vehicles and power plants, the increase in wildfires will still create hazardous air quality problems. (earth.com)
  • Patients who are very near the fire source may have smoke inhalation injury, which is caused by thermal (superheated gases), chemical (e.g., particulate matter and other irritants), and toxic (e.g., carbon monoxide, cyanide) effects of the products of combustion. (cdc.gov)
  • CS exposure effects on insulin/IGF and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and phosphorylated proteins were striking compared with the mRNA. (iospress.nl)
  • Correspondingly, CS and CS8+R exposures inhibited expression of proteins and phosphoproteins required for signaling through Akt, PRAS40, and/or p70S6K, increased AβPP-Aβ, and reduced ASPH protein, which is a target of insulin/IGF-1 signaling. (iospress.nl)
  • Results: Exposure to smoking in adolescents, even at low doses, is linked to volume changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and to altered neuronal connectivity in the corpus callosum. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The aims were to assess the impact of a total smoking ban on the level of airborne contaminants and the urinary cotinine levels in the employees in bars and restaurants. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that with smoke exposure the airways demonstrate an ongoing profibrotic/proelastogenic response and the parenchyma a generally anti-fibrotic/anti-elastogenic response, but one that develops only with long-term exposure to smoke. (atsjournals.org)
  • Changes in respiratory function after one and three hours of exposure to formaldehyde in non-smoking subjects. (bmj.com)
  • METHOD: Respiratory function of 50 non-smoking medical students exposed to formaldehyde in a gross anatomy laboratory were compared with respiratory function of 36 non-exposed, non-smoking physiotherapy students. (bmj.com)
  • Medical management consists of carefully assessing signs and symptoms, providing supportive and symptomatic care for smoke exposure, and treating possible existing respiratory and cardiovascular illness. (cdc.gov)
  • The researchers analyzed satellite data of smoke plumes from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to identify smoke days for each of 2,610 zip codes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using a CT scan, researchers were able to see that that exposure to each of the pollutants was associated with the development of emphysema, a lung condition that causes shortness of breath, and is usually associated with cigarette smoking. (cnn.com)
  • If climate change reaches a worst case scenario, the number of deaths from smoke exposure could double according to the researchers. (earth.com)
  • Researchers have found that smoking causes chromosomal damage and speeds up aging. (medicaldaily.com)
  • others will attempt to produce wine using new methods or techniques to mitigate smoke exposure. (mossadams.com)
  • Detectable saliva cotinine levels in 8/20 mothers of neonates (1-2 days old) suggested in utero exposure. (who.int)
  • Dr. Sutherland offers some practical advice for everyone in Boise during this wildfire season, as smoke from wildfires in the West and Canada form a blanket over the Treasure Valley. (brightstarcare.com)
  • But less than half of participants reported being exposed to smoke. (yahoo.com)
  • The THS exposure that the 10 participants experienced was brief, so it did not cause any visible changes to their skin. (studyfinds.org)
  • After excluding participants with baseline stroke and transient ischemic attack , and missing information on exposure and outcome of interest, the final sample size was 26 950. (bvsalud.org)
  • To evaluate the relationship between smoking and metabolic parameters in patients affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a multivariable model adjusted for age, gender, BMI and physical activity, smoking habits did not maintain any independent association with metabolic parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The relationship between smoking and unfavorable metabolic profile was demonstrated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although effects of prenatal exposure to SHS on early neurodevelopment vary among studies, they remain significant issues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further research is required to assess the true extent and magnitude of these exposures. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
  • Small-scale fermentations and sensory and chemical analysis can also help assess for smoke-exposure characteristics. (mossadams.com)
  • Secondhand CS exposures caused molecular and biochemical abnormalities in brain that overlap with the findings in AD, and many of these effects were sustained or worsened despite short-term CS withdrawal. (iospress.nl)
  • The court of appeals for the fifth circuit held that prison officials were not entitled to qualified immunity for exposing a prisoner to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS, AKA second hand smoke). (prisonlegalnews.org)
  • Infant and early childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is well recognized as a health hazard [1]. (who.int)
  • Compared to adults, infants are more susceptible to the damaging effects of environmental tobacco smoke. (who.int)
  • Get up-to-the-minute air quality conditions online through the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality's AirNow website and Idaho Smoke Information blog. (brightstarcare.com)
  • We advance the literature by examining local (as opposed to state or provincial) laws in a quasi-experimental framework and by explicitly testing for effects on worksite compliance and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). (uwpress.org)
  • Second-hand smoke is harmful to everyone's health, even pets, but it's especially harmful to babies, children, and pregnant women. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Second-hand smoke is known to be especially harmful for children as they have less well-developed airways, lungs and immune systems. (stir.ac.uk)
  • Secondaire completed the survey, of which 4,023 were aged 13- tobacco smoking is harmful to them. (who.int)
  • The strongest association between a pollutant and emphysema was seen with exposure to ozone, which was the only pollutant associated with an additional decline in lung function. (cnn.com)
  • The increase in emphysema we observed was relatively large, similar to the lung damage caused by 29 pack-years of smoking and 3 years of aging," said Dr. R. Graham Barr, the Hamilton Southworth professor of medicine and epidemiology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and a senior author of the paper. (cnn.com)
  • Several attempts have been made to describe the relation that exists between tobacco smoke and emphysema, through different experimental models of the active smoker. (nih.gov)
  • Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and small airway remodeling present a morphologic contradiction. (atsjournals.org)
  • SMQ858 - Last 7-d at job someone smoked indoors? (cdc.gov)
  • While {you were/SP was} working at a job or business outside of the home, did someone else smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products indoors? (cdc.gov)
  • While {you were/SP was} in a restaurant, did someone else smoke cigarettes or other tobacco products indoors? (cdc.gov)
  • Staying indoors, including closing windows and doors, and using HVAC systems effectively to minimize exposure to wildfire smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Few studies have directly assessed the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) with cardiovascular disease-related inflammatory markers, and the findings are inconsistent. (harvard.edu)
  • An example of a medical history of SHS exposure on health status can be seen in the development of lung disease in flight attendants, a group who historically worked in SHS filled aircraft. (frontiersin.org)
  • These flight attendants, despite never smoking, have evidence of lung disease 10-20 years after their SHS exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • For instance, when looking for the impact of smoking on cancer incidence, osteoporosis, or lung disease, placing those who have been exposed to SHS in the category "non-smoker," as many studies have done, simply makes no sense. (frontiersin.org)
  • Exposure to radon has been linked to lung cancer and other lung diseases . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cigarette smoke-induced lung disease presents a morphologic contradiction in that the small airways become fibrotic but the parenchyma becomes emphysematous over time. (atsjournals.org)
  • It is well known that SHS exposure brings about almost the same adverse health outcomes as active smoking [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If you smoke cigarettes, the best decision you can make for your health and your family's health is to quit. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, the health burden from smoke exposure -- including preterm births -- is likely to increase," said lead author Sam Heft-Neal, a research scholar at Stanford's Center on Food Security and the Environment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Rochon claimed that even if he had not been harmed by the ETS yet, the smoke posed a threat to his future health. (prisonlegalnews.org)
  • It also presents an opportunity to circle back to the implications of the research and to ask a most basic question: do healthcare providers recognize the impact of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure on health and, if they do, are they asking the right questions? (frontiersin.org)
  • Wildfire smoke greatly impacts air quality and its effects on human health can be far-reaching. (earth.com)
  • It's the first research of its kind to estimate future smoke and health impacts. (earth.com)
  • Our exposure to wildfire smoke is only going to get worse going into the next century, so we need to plan and be prepared in terms of acting to protect population health. (earth.com)
  • This new evidence suggests that programs and policies designed to prevent individuals from smoking around youth in these locations should be a public health priority. (bmj.com)
  • It is now of interest not only to decipher the aetiology of RA in the light of this gene-environment interaction, but also to take a public health perspective in determining the number of cases of RA attributable to smoking in different genetic contexts. (bmj.com)
  • The first surgeon general's report on the adverse health effects of smoking was published in 1964 (HHS, 1964). (nationalacademies.org)
  • it was followed a few years later by bans on cigarette advertising on television and radio (the 1969 Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act). (nationalacademies.org)
  • The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services establishes a smoke-free environment in all its buildings, affecting 120,000 employees nationwide. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Exposure to active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) causes health concern. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is a general lack of knowledge of human health responses to THS exposure," notes Prof. Talbot, the paper's corresponding author. (studyfinds.org)
  • U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2010, available at: http://www. (sciendo.com)
  • If you're breathing the wildfire smoke, your health is being affected in many ways. (siskiyou.news)
  • During the 2020 fire season, more than half of the state's population experienced a month of wildfire smoke levels in the range of unhealthy to hazardous. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Altogether, between 165,000 and 325,000 tons of California winegrapes were not harvested in 2020 because of "actual or perceived concerns of quality loss due to wildfire smoke exposure," according to a legal analysis of the 2020 winegrape rejections released July 7. (downeybrand.com)
  • Results Smoking was estimated to be responsible for 35% of anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibody (ACPA)-positive cases. (bmj.com)
  • Results: The 13q21 locus showed genome-wide significant interaction with ELTS exposure (P=4.3x10-8 for rs7334050 within KLHL1 with consistent results across the five studies). (bris.ac.uk)