Epidemiology populations parasitic diseases animal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Population growth and factors related to globalization, such as increased travel and trade, have the potential to spread and amplify infectious diseases and to create conditions for their re-emergence. (who.int)
Changes in susceptibility to infectious diseases, increased opportunities for infection, and the rapid adaptation of microbial agents are among the factors contributing to this evolution. (who.int)
Oocysts are highly infectious for people and animals. (usda.gov)
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as a diverse group of primarily infectious diseases, which disproportionately affect poor and marginalized populations worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
This happens even though, unlike other infectious diseases, they can be prevented, controlled and eliminated by targeted public health interventions. (bvsalud.org)
The Annals of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed, scholarly journal that focuses on the latest research and advancements in the field of microbiology and infectious diseases. (sryahwapublications.com)
The journal welcomes submissions from researchers, scientists, and practitioners in the field of microbiology and infectious diseases, and encourages interdisciplinary submissions that integrate multiple aspects of the field. (sryahwapublications.com)
This unit aims to develop in-depth knowledge of infectious diseases affecting humans including diarrhoea, respiratory infections, Tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other parasitic diseases with a particular focus on resource-poor or low and middle income countries. (monash.edu)
This unit will consist of a mixture of seminars and small group teaching from specialists in microbiology, infectious diseases, epidemiology and public health. (monash.edu)
Apply knowledge of some of the most important bacterial, viral and parasitic infectious diseases affecting humans (and animals) to assessment of their importance, impact and treatment and control, particularly in resource poor or low and middle income communities. (monash.edu)
Apply the concept of 'One Health' in the context of infectious diseases including vector-borne and zoonotic infections. (monash.edu)
Explain the application of recombinant DNA technology, molecular and cell biology and biochemical and biophysical techniques as research (and diagnostic) tools in infectious diseases. (monash.edu)
Evaluate the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases including chemoprophylaxis, Chemotherapy, drug resistance and vaccinology. (monash.edu)
The multi-agency Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases program supports research on the ecological, evolutionary, organismal, and social drivers that influence the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. (instrumentl.com)
The intent is discovery of principles of infectious disease (re)emergence and transmission and testing mathematical or computational models that elucidate infectious disease systems. (instrumentl.com)
A communicable disease is an illness due to a specific infectious (biological) agent or its toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man, from animal to man, from animal to animal, or from the environment (through air, water, food, etc..) to man. (powershow.com)
Infection is the entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man or animals. (powershow.com)
A person or an animal that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural conditions. (powershow.com)
Any person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil, or substance, or a combination of these, in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies, on which it depends primarily for survival, and where it reproduces itself in such a manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host. (powershow.com)
Incidence of an infectious disease number of new cases in a given time period expressed as percent infected per year (cumulative incidence) or number per person time of observation (incidence density). (powershow.com)
Prevalence of an infectious disease number of cases at a given time expressed as a percent at a given time. (powershow.com)
Prevalence is a product of incidence x duration of disease, and is of little interest if an infectious disease is of short duration (i.e. measles), but may be of interest if an infectious disease is of long duration (i.e. chronic hepatitis B). (powershow.com)
In infectious disease research, we want to build host immunity into our understanding of how disease spreads. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Invertebrates are common vectors for disease, which means they can transmit infectious pathogens between humans or from animals to humans. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Vector-borne diseases, like malaria, account for almost 20% of all infectious diseases worldwide and are responsible for more than 700,000 deaths each year. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Infectious Disease Epidemiology is a concise reference for practicing epidemiologists, as well as a thorough understanding of basic concepts critical to understanding specialist areas of infectious disease epidemiology for trainee readers. (conferenceseries.com)
Infectious disease epidemiology is the practical science concerned with reducing the impact of the pathogens on public health. (conferenceseries.com)
Although neurology and psychiatric disorders account for 28% of global disease and disability burden, clinical expertise and research capacity to conduct meaningful assessments of common conditions such as epilepsy and post-infectious neuropsychiatric disorders are almost entirely concentrated in the United States and other developed countries. (conferenceseries.com)
Al-Bustan M. Infectious and parasitic disease mortality in Kuwait and the role of health education. (health.mil)
Medical aspects of Gulf operations: serious infectious and communicable diseases of the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabian Peninsula. (health.mil)
Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology and Clinical Practice. (health.mil)
Assessment of arthropod vectors of infectious diseases in areas of U.S. troop deployment in the Persian Gulf. (health.mil)
In the United States and elsewhere, infectious dis- health care reform, it is crucial that emerging infectious eases increasingly threaten public health and contrib- disease threats be addressed and that the basic tenets ute significantly to the escalating costs of health care. (cdc.gov)
Although many serious infectious diseases are bution of known infectious agents. (cdc.gov)
Complement and infectious diseases / author, Douglas P. Fine. (who.int)
Parasitic and infectious diseases : epidemiology and ecology / edited by Marilyn E. Scott, Gary Smith. (who.int)
Global positioning systems (GPS) determine the location of an gation of infectious diseases [1-6]. (cdc.gov)

Intestinal roundworm infections constitute the largest group of helminthic diseases in humans. (medscape.com)
As with other parasitic infections, definitive diagnosis of nematode infections depends on demonstration of the stage of the life cycle in the host. (medscape.com)
Unlike with protozoan infections, a casual or a low degree of exposure to infective stages of parasitic nematodes usually does not result in patent infection or pathologic findings. (medscape.com)
Seven counties (14% of the population) reported persons hospitalized for the following flood-related illnesses or injuries: carbon monoxide poisoning (related to the indoor use of gasoline-powered generators), hypothermia, electrocution, wound infections, and exacerbation of chronic illnesses. (cdc.gov)
The high flock and animal level seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep is a good marker of the potential risk for human infections. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2017, 30 cases were reported from Chad and Ethiopia, and 855 infected animals (mostly dogs) were reported from Chad, Ethiopia, and Mali, compared with 25 cases and 1,049 animal infections reported in 2016. (cdc.gov)
During January-June 2018, the number of cases declined to three cases each in Chad and South Sudan and one in Angola, with 709 infected animals reported, compared with eight cases and 547 animal infections during the same period of 2017. (cdc.gov)
Similar comparisons for animal infections have been made ( Table 2 ). (cdc.gov)
During January-June 2018, 709 animal infections (mostly in dogs) were reported, compared with 547 during January-June 2017 (Table 2). (cdc.gov)
Since increases in the severity of vector-borne diseases in the southeast Asian region have been reported, investigations of parasitic epidemiology in Thailand will be necessary to improve the existing parasite control strategies for blood parasitic infections. (cmu.ac.th)
Methods: Blood parasitic infections among cattle were screened and identified by microscopic examination. (cmu.ac.th)
Results: A total of 1,066 blood samples were found to be positive for blood parasitic infections as follows: 13 (1.22%), 389 (36.50%), and 364 (34.15%) for Babesia bovis, Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale, respectively. (cmu.ac.th)
Conclusion: In this study, the analyzed incidence data of cattle hemoparasitic infection in Thailand has provided valuable and basic information for the adaptation of blood-borne parasitic infections control strategies. (cmu.ac.th)
Neglected tropical diseases and other parasitic infections such as malaria affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people across the tropics and sub-tropics. (theconversation.com)
The geographic distribution of parasitic infections including malaria and most neglected tropical diseases such as schistosomiasis is very patchy. (theconversation.com)
Climate change is just one source of pressure on the life-cycle of parasitic infections. (theconversation.com)
The highly pathogenic avian influenza is a highly contagious disease affecting wild birds and poultry with occasional infections in human. (who.int)
Over the years, many drugs to treat parasitic infections in animals and humans have been developed. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
Stewart Merrill hopes that a better understanding of infections in a simple animal-like plankton can be applied more broadly to invertebrates that matter for human health. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
In Africa, Southeast Asia, as well as South and Central America, 200 million people suffer from infections caused by schistosomes--invertebrates more commonly known as parasitic flatworms. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Raising awareness about predation as a risk of zoonotic parasitic infections in dogs and cats will aid to create responsible ownership and proper actions for controlling feral and free-roaming cat and dog populations worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
EPIDEMIOLOGY HEALTH MEET 2022 is an international platform for building research works and therapeutic findings and disorders related to microbial diseases, viruses, and infections caused by bacteria, and fungi. (conferenceseries.com)
The numbers of infections caused by these amoebae are low in comparison to other protozoal parasitic infections. (med-chem.com)
In addition to causing human disease, these organisms also can harbor intracellular pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila and may serve as vectors of bacterial infections in humans. (med-chem.com)

D. medinensis worms removed from animals are genetically indistinguishable from those removed from humans ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
deer inhabit the same environment as disease hosts and humans who recreate in suburban forest preserves. (usda.gov)
It has existed for hundreds of years and still occurs naturally in both animals and humans in many parts of the world, including Asia, southern Europe, sub-Sahelian Africa and parts of Australia. (who.int)
Humans generally acquire the disease directly or indirectly from infected animals, or through occupational exposure to infected or contaminated animal products. (who.int)
Evolution of nuptial feeding and sexual cannibalism in arthropods, sexual selection of animals including humans. (sav.sk)
The proposed project in the framework of the development of international science and innovation between the two Central European countries focuses on cooperation in the application of the One Health concept, i.e. focusing on the triad of humans, animals and the environment. (sav.sk)
They should focus on the determinants and interactions of (re)emergence and transmission among any host species, including but not limited to humans, non-human animals, and/or plants. (instrumentl.com)
From parasitic flatworms transmitted by snails into humans in developing nations, to zoonotic spillover events from mammals and insects to humans--which have caused global pandemics like COVID-19 and West Nile virus--an infected creature's immune response is a vital variable to consider in calculating what happens next. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
But what if it was possible for invertebrates to fight off these diseases, and break the link in the chain that passes them on to humans? (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Based on their observations of these individual outcomes, the researchers developed a simple probabilistic model for measuring host immunity that can be applied across wildlife systems, with important applications for diseases transmitted to humans by invertebrates. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Information from studies of exposed humans and laboratory animals indicates that absorbed CDDs are distributed preferentially to fatty tissues and to a lesser extent, the liver (ATSDR 1998). (cdc.gov)
1994). Because of the long-half life of most of the halogenated aromatic hydro carbons, animals or humans will be exposed for relatively long periods of time following single exposures. (cdc.gov)
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne tropical/subtropical disease caused by an intracellular parasite transmitted to humans by sand fly bite. (intechopen.com)
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite that causes a zoonotic disease capable of infecting nearly all warm-blooded hosts, including humans. (bvsalud.org)
In humans, the located in the forest zone in the far north, borders Cameroon and disease is transmitted through the ingestion of the Equatorial Guinea Republic, through which it connects with the rest of the continent. (bvsalud.org)
The amoebae have a cosmopolitan distribution in soil and water, providing multiple opportunities for contacts with humans and animals, as evidenced by antibody titers in surveyed human populations. (med-chem.com)
Domesticated animals are an important source of pathogens to endangered wildlife populations, especially when anthropogenic activities increase their overlap with humans and wildlife. (cdc.gov)
The closeness of dogs to humans, in addition to poor veterinary care and zoonotic disease awareness, poses an increased risk of zoonotic disease transmission, resulting in a significant threat to human and animal populations and food security and safety. (mdpi.com)
One Health is the idea that the health of humans, animals, and the environment we all share are linked. (biohabitats.com)
The term often refers to the transmittal of zoonotic diseases between animals and humans, but its definition is expanding to include all aspects of health and well-being. (biohabitats.com)
is the process whereby a disease is naturally transmitted by animals to humans through either direct exposure or the consumption of products derived from them. (bbva.com)
So far, there is still no scientific confirmation of the animal species from which the SARS-CoV-2 jumped into humans, although the list of candiates has been narrowed down to bats and pangolins, as they have been found to carry strains of viruses that closely resemble SARS-CoV-2. (bbva.com)
During the last decades, European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been implicated in the transmission of several viral or parasitic pathogenic agents to domestic animals and humans. (nih.gov)
The disease is mainly transmitted between animals and humans through ingestion of contaminated food with the embryonated eggs of the parasite. (vetmedmosul.com)
The disease can be transmitted to humans by ingesting contaminated food and soil with embryonated eggs (5). (vetmedmosul.com)
This paper was prepared in response to the need for clear communication regarding the risk of transmission of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 in humans and the general societal concern of potential contamination of aquatic animals used as food or their products with the virus. (who.int)
Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect aquatic food animals (e.g. finfish, crustaceans, mol uscs, amphibians) and therefore these animals do not play an epidemiological role in spreading COVID-19 to humans. (who.int)

Aditya Prasad Dash (born 23 March 1951), who hails from the Indian State of Odisha, is an Indian biologist with special interest in malaria and vector borne diseases. (wikipedia.org)
These include: Dr. T.R. Rao award of ICMR (1991) for Young Scientists Oration Award of Indian Society for Communicable Diseases (2002) Rajiv Gandhi Foundation Award (2005) from His Excellency the Governor of Orissa Dr A.P. Ray award for outstanding contributions in malaria research (2012) from Director General Health Services, Govt. (wikipedia.org)
In disease prevention and control, sustained efforts are required against endemic diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, rabies and HIV/AIDS, and against those diseases that periodically emerge as epidemics, including cholera, meningitis and influenza. (who.int)
Proponents of the current strategies to eliminate malaria and neglected tropical disease parasites are right to say that we should use existing tools to save lives and prevent illness. (theconversation.com)
They cause illness and death, and significant economic and public health consequences, so much so that the World Health Organization considers them the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease after malaria. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of malaria can prevent severe disease or death and limit ongoing transmission to local Anopheles mosquitoes and other persons. (cdc.gov)
Preventing mosquito bites and controlling mosquitoes at home can prevent mosquitoborne diseases, including malaria. (cdc.gov)
b Malaria, Other Vectorborne and Parasitic Diseases, World Health Organization, the Lao People's Democratic Republic. (who.int)

Hence, clinical disease, as opposed to asymptomatic infection, generally develops only with prolonged residence in an endemic region. (medscape.com)
Repeated or intense exposure to a multitude of infective stage larvae is required for infection to be established and disease to arise. (medscape.com)
Angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease): This is a rare infection that has been reported in Hawaii and Louisiana. (medscape.com)
2000). Infection with T. brucei evansi (hereafter, T. evansi) reduces market value of exported animals, decreases milk yield and lessens animal body condition score, resulting in more than $223 million loss to the camel industry (Salah, Robertson & Mohamed 2015). (123dok.net)
These parasites are also associated with impoverished populations and many are zoonotic, with animals in their life cycle that act as reservoirs of infection. (mdpi.com)
Differences in the compatibility of infection between the liver flukes Fascioloides magna and Fasciola hepatica in a Colombian population of the snail Galba sp. (cambridge.org)
BACKGROUND: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the species belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex. (bvsalud.org)
Parasite culture "may under-represent the complexity of the natural infection because of the coexistence of polyclonal populations that may belong to different DTUs, and because in vitro culturing favors detection of the most competitive parasite clones," Shijman explained. (genomeweb.com)
For a long time, the preventive strategy for this parasitic infection has been the regular use of antiparasitic drugs to reduce parasite burden in the short term. (scielo.org.co)
Therefore, the idea of the research was to conduct an epidemiological survey of the parasitic infection with some variables and assess the therapeutic effect of some of the drugs that were taken in the study. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
The results demonstrate that there was no significant difference between males and females according to the type of parasitic infection, and were similar to [ 6 , 7 ]. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
There was significant association between the gastrointestinal nematode infection and animals with different body condition scores. (ijlr.org)
Whether it's plankton exposed to parasites or people exposed to pathogens, a host's initial immune response plays an integral role in determining whether infection occurs and to what degree it spreads within a population, new University of Colorado Boulder research suggests. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
COVID-19 is also believed to be the result of a zoonotic spillover, an infection that moved from animals into people, and similar probabilistic models could be advantageous in predicting the occurrence and spread of future spillover events, said Stewart Merrill. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
From parasitic infection to parasitic disease / volume editors, Paul L. Gigase and Eric A. E. van Marck. (who.int)
The basic science behind this method of disease control is the controlled inoculation of an infection in order to generate the necessary antibodies to fight it and, at the same time, prevent severe symptoms from developing. (bbva.com)
Once considered a tropical disease, it is now seen in temperate climates as well, particularly with the emergence of HIV infection. (medscape.com)
Although most cases of pyomyositis occur in healthy individuals, other pathogenetic factors include nutritional deficiency and associated parasitic infection in tropical climates. (medscape.com)
Primary multiple temporal cystic lesion, minimally en- human infection are E. granulosus and cerebral hydatid cysts are quite unu- hanced after contrast. (who.int)

A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. (lookformedical.com)
The impact of foodborne parasites on human health has been underestimated because these pathogens often have insidious chronic effects, rather than causing acute diseases. (mdpi.com)
Research may be on zoonotic, environmentally-borne, vector-borne, enteric, or respiratory pathogens of either terrestrial or aquatic systems and organisms, including diseases of animals and plants, at any scale from specific pathogens to inclusive environmental systems. (instrumentl.com)
Bacterial pathogens are a great threat to fish production worldwide due to the high economic importance of diseases they cause (Bondad-Reantaso et al. (e-fas.org)
pathogens evolve or spread, and the spectrum of infec- tious diseases expands. (cdc.gov)
The diversity and burden of zoonotic pathogens harbored by dogs are underreported due to poor surveillance, limited diagnostic capacity, and limited data on the disease. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this review was to assemble relevant information from published peer-reviewed literature to assess the incidence of zoonotic pathogens associated with dogs in Nigeria in order to determine the risks involved and identify priority diseases to focus on, knowledge gaps, and areas for surveillance, control, and research in Nigeria. (mdpi.com)

Thus, clarifying the species of parasites that porcupines are infected with is important for the control of parasitic diseases. (nature.com)
The emergence of foodborne parasites has brought them into focus, especially due to new trends that allowed them to appear in new locations and populations, transmitted through different food types, and sometimes with unexpected symptoms. (mdpi.com)
More broadly we must consider how environmental change might force evolution to occur among parasites, their vectors and their human or animal hosts. (theconversation.com)
In that stage, parasites hide in the heart and digestive tract, and overall parasitic load is low. (genomeweb.com)
In 1966, he gained a PhD from Bristol University in the UK for work on nematode parasites of sheep and for the next 20 years he worked on the population biology of helminth parasites and the control of parasitic disease and production loss in sheep and cattle. (alumni.csiro.au)
2004). The epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in livestock varies depending on the local climatic condition, such as humidity, temperature, rainfall, vegetation and management practices. (ijlr.org)
Impact of socio-economic development on populations of some parasites and vectors in Ghana : its medical implications / W. A. Chinery. (who.int)
Nowadays, stray dogs and cats, which are unvaccinated or not treated against the parasites, play a significant role in introducing the disease and seem to be a common public health concern. (vetmedmosul.com)

We conducted an entomologic survey in a periurban community of Arequipa to identify risk factors for triatomine infestation and determinants of vector population densities. (cdc.gov)
To tailor vector control strategies for the urban setting, we conducted a study to identify determinants of triatomine infestation and population density in a periurban community of Arequipa. (cdc.gov)
Porcupines are relatively well-protected from predators but are subject to a degree of parasitic infestation. (nature.com)
Scabies is a contagious parasitic disease, a skin infestation caused by Scaroptes scabieri, tiny mites that burrow under the skin. (aaem.pl)

To attain the set targets, the strategy proposes an integrated approach consisting of continuous surveillance of the population at risk, passive and active case detection and treatment, reduction of animal reservoirs through selective or mass treatment of livestock, and intense tsetse control in highly endemic and epidemic areas. (who.int)
Samples from Chagas patients, animal reservoirs, and insect vectors came from about a dozen of the 21 endemic countries in the Americas as well as a number of European research labs. (genomeweb.com)
The animal reservoirs are the white-footed mouse in the Eastern United States and the wood rat in California. (medscape.com)

The life cycle of parasitic nematodes is clinically important. (medscape.com)
To get clear epidemiological picture detailed study should be conducted to clearly identify parasitic nematodes using faecal culture and postmortem examination in the study area as well as farmers should be educated on the importance of the parasitic diseases, its economic losses and the correct ways to improve animal husbandry system. (ijlr.org)
The parasitic diseases associated to predation vary from protozoan agents, such as toxoplasmosis, to cestodes like sparganosis and even nematodes such as toxocariasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Urbanization of T. infestans has been observed elsewhere in South America ( 10 - 12 ), and other Chagas disease vectors have been observed in cities ( 13 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
His areas of interest include biomedical science, transmission biology of tropical disease, and modern biology of disease vectors. (wikipedia.org)
Yet epidemiological studies have rarely considered invertebrate immunity and recovery in creatures that are vectors for human disease. (globaloncologyacademy.org)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
This week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in 2015, U.S. life expectancy at birth was 78.8 years - that's a decrease of 0.1 year from 78.9 years in 2014. (scienceblogs.com)

This information has provided baselines for the study of genetic pattern of drug resistance and virulence associated genes in field populations of this species. (wikipedia.org)
The phylum Nematoda, also known as the roundworms, is the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom, encompassing up to 500,000 species. (medscape.com)
Diseases involving an animal reservoir, whether insect-borne or transmitted directly across the species barrier, are particularly susceptible to environmental changes and thereby prone to emerge and re-emerge. (who.int)
So species of mosquito that evolve to prefer blue light may affect patterns of disease as result of programs such as Energy Africa , which is promoting low-energy solutions for resource-poor people. (theconversation.com)
The findings, published May 13 in The American Naturalist, provide valuable insight for understanding and preventing the transmission of disease within and between animal species. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
Thus, it has been consistently advocated to avoid outdoor lifestyles and to reduce the feral dog and cat populations to decrease their impact on the native fauna as well as to avoid the further extinction of wild species [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative evaluation of animal welfare in different contexts including wild and exotic species, companion animals, laboratory, teaching and working animals, and in disaster situations. (up.ac.za)

It provides genetic markers for investigating the taxonomy, population genetics, and phylogenetics of pinworms from different hosts and has implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of parasitic diseases in porcupines and other animals. (nature.com)
This is the main reason that PCR is unsuitable for diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease, and consequently its laboratory diagnosis depends on serological methods," Shijman said. (genomeweb.com)
At present we are working on a kit prototype for molecular diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease using a similar PCR approach in the context of a private-public consortium financed by the [Argentina] National Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, but have not initiated actions towards the development of a kit for DTU typing," said Shijman. (genomeweb.com)

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , causes more deaths in the Americas than any other parasitic disease ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis , is acquired by drinking water containing copepods (water fleas) infected with its larvae. (cdc.gov)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - About eight million people worldwide are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi , the parasite that causes Chagas disease, but research into epidemiology and treatment of this neglected tropical disease has been hampered by the lack of ideal molecular tests. (genomeweb.com)
In announcing the appointment, the Chairman of CSIRO, Dr J. Paul Wild, said Dr Donald had made significant contributions to understanding changes in parasite numbers in animals. (alumni.csiro.au)
With the development of parasite resistance to antiparasitic drugs, alternative treatment options for parasitic diseases are being increasingly researched. (panafrican-med-journal.com)

Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests. (lookformedical.com)
Students will evaluate and review relevant literature to explore specific organisms or diseases and present this information via oral presentations, an open poster session and a written end-of-semester report. (monash.edu)

Acarology, especially systematics and biology of mesostigmatic mites (Acarina, Mesostigmata), including morphology, taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of taxa living in Palaearctic Region, primarily based on free-living edaphic mites, parasitic mites associated with small mammals and birds (and their nests), and phoretic mites associated with coprophilous, necrophilous and mycophilous arthropods. (sav.sk)
One of the biggest patterns that we're seeing in disease ecology and epidemiology is the fact that not all hosts are equal," said Tara Stewart Merrill, lead author of the paper and a postdoctoral fellow in ecology. (globaloncologyacademy.org)
There is a new awareness of linkages between ecology, planning and zoonotic diseases, so new accountability needs to happen. (biohabitats.com)

The researchers will now use this assay for molecular epidemiology, and have published the primer and probe sequences "so everybody can reproduce the test for their own interests," Shijman said. (genomeweb.com)

In total, an estimated 1.7 billion people require treatment for neglected tropical diseases. (theconversation.com)
This study provides new knowledge on gene expression regulation in cestodes and suggests that miRNAs could be evaluated as new selective therapeutic targets for treating Neglected Tropical Diseases prioritised by the World Health Organization. (bvsalud.org)
In the study published last week in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , Shijman and his collaborators described a multiplex, TaqMan probe-based, real-time PCR assay for the six DTUs. (genomeweb.com)
Division of Control of Tropical Diseases. (health.mil)
WHO considers Leishmaniasis as one of the "Neglected Tropical Diseases" that continues to be prevalent despite international, national, and local efforts towards its control and elimination over the last decade. (intechopen.com)
UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. (who.int)

He began his research career with CSIRO in 1960, joining the Division of Animal Health as a veterinary parasitologist in the McMaster Laboratory. (alumni.csiro.au)
Primary APS is diagnosed in patients demonstrating the clinical and laboratory criteria for the disease without other recognized autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)

This study provides baseline data comparisons for future T. gondii suburban deer studies and information to public health and wildlife officials regarding the prevalence a parasitic pathogen present in two public forest preserves in Chicago, Illinois. (usda.gov)

ABSTRACT Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease associated with poverty in which patients are surrounded by stigma. (scielo.br)
ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has shown endemic pattern and epidemic episodes in urban and rural areas, however, there are still gaps in knowledge with regards to disease transmission. (scielo.br)

Statistical trends were also detected between the handling of ducks and exposure to Toxoplasma gondii, and between both handling animals without gloves and springtime hunting activities and Leptospira spp. (nih.gov)
Toxoplasma gondii is estimated to chronically infect one third of the world's human population, causing ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals and often-fatal encephalitis in the immunocompromised, as well as birth defects and mortality following vertical transmission to developing fetuses. (usda.gov)

C ensuring sustainable, cost-effective control of endemic communicable diseases at country level. (who.int)
National health systems improve endemic disease control through better planning and broader, more effective use of available tools and resources. (who.int)
C eliminating endemic communicable diseases as public health problems through intensified efforts to apply cost-effective strategies, during a fixed period of time, to decrease the incidence and prevalence of selected communicable diseases, or, in the case of eradication, to rid the world permanently of their presence. (who.int)
The aims of this proposed strategy are to control the intensity of transmission in endemic and epidemic countries in the medium term and to eliminate the disease in the long term. (who.int)
It is a major endemic disease problem throughout Central and South America, Africa and Asia (Gutierrez et al. (123dok.net)
Though such information is already available, more work on epidemiology especially in vulnerable age groups such as children and the aged in other endemic regions in Kenya need to be pursued. (biomedcentral.com)
Egypt has been the most affected country in the EMR where the disease has remained endemic, with frequent epizootic and 167 human cases that include 60 deaths. (who.int)
The protozoa T. cruzi can be classed into six "discrete typing units," or DTUs, based on three nuclear loci, and DTUs are differentially distributed in endemic areas, Alejandro Schijman, a researcher at El Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular inBuenos Aires, told GenomeWeb in an email. (genomeweb.com)
This chapter reviews the global perspective of Leishmaniasis with increasing recognition of emerging "Atypical forms" and new surge of disease across the world mainly due to increasing conflicts in endemic areas leading to forced migration among other causes. (intechopen.com)
It is a poverty-related disease with an estimated 0.7-1 million new cases reported per year from approximately 100 endemic countries. (intechopen.com)
In endemic areas of Latin America, 8% of the population is seropositive for American trypanosomiasis. (medscape.com)

Keeping small animals in wire mesh cages could facilitate control of T. infestans in this densely populated urban environment. (cdc.gov)
In 2002, the Arequipa Regional Ministry of Health began a spray-based vector control program after an infant in a periurban community died from acute Chagas disease. (cdc.gov)
There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to disease surveillance, prevention and control. (who.int)
The above challenges underscore the need for all countries to monitor, prevent, and control the spread of communicable diseases and to care effectively for those who are infected. (who.int)
The Communicable diseases cluster is working to reduce the impact of communicable diseases worldwide by leading the global effort in surveillance, prevention, control and research. (who.int)
4. The proposed regional strategy for the control of HAT is aimed at eliminating the disease as a public health problem by 2015. (who.int)
Given the resurgence of both human and animal trypanosomiasis, the epidemic potential, high fatality rate and significant impact on socioeconomic development, many countries requested more active WHO support to control the disease. (who.int)
Routine cross-notification between the veterinary and human health surveillance systems should be part of any zoonotic disease prevention and control programme, and close collaboration between the two health sectors is particularly important during epidemiological and outbreak investigations. (who.int)
Although asthma cannot be cured, appropriate management can control the disease and enable people to enjoy a good quality of life. (who.int)
Dr Donald has made important studies of the epidemiology and control of parasitic worms in sheep and cattle. (alumni.csiro.au)
Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations, and the application of this study to control health problems (Last, 1983). (powershow.com)
Este artículo revisa los estudios experimentales centrados en el desarrollo de vacunas para el control de la toxocariasis, y se presta especial atención a los estudios epidemiológicos relevantes sobre la importancia de los caninos domésticos en la toxocariasis humana. (scielo.org.co)
All these challenges related to environment, disease, and vector pose major implications on WHO's leishmaniasis control and elimination plan. (intechopen.com)
Nuclear techniques in the study and control of parasitic diseases of livestock : proceedings of the Final Research Co-ordination Meeting on the Use of Nuclear Techniques in the Study and Control of Parasitic Diseases of Farm Animals, held in Vienna from 11 to 14 May 1987 / organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Isotope and Radiation Applications of Atomic Energy for Food and Agricultural Development. (who.int)
The primary goal of vector control activities is to reduce vector population density to levels that are believed to correlate with a lower dengue transmission risk. (who.int)

Since that time, few studies have been performed on livestock, and most were conducted in a Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is a re-emerging animal trypanosomosis, which is of special concern for camel-rearing regions of Africa and Asia. (123dok.net)
Causes and consequences of climate change in livestock production and animal health: review. (ac.ir)

In Arequipa, Peru, vectorborne transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma infestans has become an urban problem. (cdc.gov)
Member countries of this initiative have controlled or eliminated transmission of Chagas disease by spraying households with pyrethroid insecticides ( 6 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Nevertheless, little is known about the epidemiology of Chagas disease transmission in and around cities. (cdc.gov)
We also examined triatomines for T. cruzi to gain a better understanding of the spatial distribution of potential Chagas disease transmission in the community. (cdc.gov)
Intensive efforts are needed for diseases targeted for eradication and elimination, such as leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, dracunculiasis and Chagas disease. (who.int)
Both pharmaceutical care and exercise training have a positive effect on the HRQoL of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, and the mental component can be a prognostic marker in this population. (scielo.br)
Chronic disease may ultimately be amenable to approaches that characterize the human immune response to Chagas disease, as recently reported by GenomeWeb. (genomeweb.com)
The study also points out that the assay would be appropriate for creation of a Chagas disease typing kit. (genomeweb.com)
In the US, there are an estimated 300,000 cases of Chagas disease but access to care is limited, according to one recent study . (genomeweb.com)

The prevalence of anaemia, defined by low haemoglobin or haematocrit, is commonly used to assess the severity of iron deficiency in a population. (who.int)
The present study aimed to evaluate the serological and molecular prevalence of T. gondii among apparently healthy rural populations in four regions of Gabon. (bvsalud.org)
However, the animals aged 1-3 and older than 5 years showed a higher prevalence. (ac.ir)

Communicable diseases and related conditions remain an important challenge to public health, responsible for the death of an estimated 17 million people a year and for disabilities ranging from chronic anaemia, malnutrition and wasting to paralysis, mental retardation and elephantiasis. (who.int)
The burden of communicable diseases has been a key impediment to social and economic progress, imposing considerable suffering on people already living in adverse conditions. (who.int)
The epidemiology and demography of communicable diseases, once thought to be relatively stable, are instead evolving in tandem with other global trends. (who.int)
They also highlight the need for global leadership, global and national advocacy, and improved international cooperation in tackling communicable diseases. (who.int)
tracking epidemic and emerging diseases and anti-infective drug resistance, and locating communicable diseases geographically within countries, regionally and globally. (who.int)

At the same time, rapidly developing resistance of microbes to anti- infective drugs is undermining treatment of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases, weakening the weapons against them. (who.int)
The possibility that some chronic diseases have an infective origin. (powershow.com)

The World Health Organization (WHO) monitors health risks and emerging risks through its Global Early Warning System ( GLEWS , which also coordinates and combines the warning mechanisms of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). (bbva.com)

The disease is generally regarded as being non-contagious. (who.int)
A contagious disease is the one that is transmitted through contact. (powershow.com)

These factors largely determine the incidence and severity of various parasitic diseases in a region under consideration (Bekele, 1993). (ijlr.org)
Mamos AR, Osinska E. Wstępna ocena współczynnika zapadalności na świerzb w populacji łódzkiej [Preliminary analysis of the incidence rate of scabies in Łódz population]. (aaem.pl)

3.Jun 22, 2021 · Plant disease quantification, mainly the intensity of disease symptoms on individual units (severity), is the basis for a plethora of research and applied purposes in plant pathology and related disciplines. (sachecucine.it)
Improvements in HRQoL after hospital discharge are independent of imaging improvement, and there seems to be no association between HRQoL after hospital discharge and disease severity on hospital admission. (scielo.br)

He did some fundamental research correlating the change in vector borne disease epidemiology to the change in climate parameters. (wikipedia.org)
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoa of genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sand fly ( Figure 1 ). (intechopen.com)

Dr Donald also carried out a study of the effects of environmental factors on the development and survival of parasitic worms during the period of their life cycle spent on pasture. (alumni.csiro.au)
This term could be also used to describe the invasion of the gut by parasitic worms, e.g. ascariasis. (powershow.com)
Pyrantel is a drug used to treat parasitic worms, including ascariasis and pinworms. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati , which belong to the family Toxocaridae and genus Toxocara .Adult worms live in the small intestine of dogs and cats. (vetmedmosul.com)

COVID-19, including impacts to healthcare access, associated influences on mental health, and disproportionate impacts to vulnerable populations. (unlv.edu)

Moreover, the data obtained from this study would be useful for future effective parasitic disease prevention and surveillance among cattle. (cmu.ac.th)
A landscape architect, researcher, and educator who works at the intersection of design and public health, Leeann Andrews shares strategies for layering zoonotic disease prevention into our projects. (biohabitats.com)
Disease prevention] is one more layer we can add and be more mindful of. (biohabitats.com)

Avian influenza (H5N1) also known as bird flu is primarily a disease of birds that is caused by several types of influenza viruses. (who.int)
The Ebola, Zika, Rabies, Dengue, or Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) viruses are some examples of the zoonotic diseases that these organizations monitor. (bbva.com)

For the week of July 18-24, the number of counties reporting limitations in availability of medical or public health services decreased from eight (24% of the population) during the July 15-16 assessment to four (3% of the population). (cdc.gov)
Two counties (2% of the population) reported increases in admissions to substance-abuse programs, and nine counties (16% of the population) reported increases in admissions to mental health facilities. (cdc.gov)
Unfortunately, due to lack of regular surveillance activities and reduced resource allocation to HAT as well as changing health priorities and nonavailability of drugs, the disease has been neglected. (who.int)
Trypanosomiasis is a significant animal and human health problem worldwide. (123dok.net)
This reinforces the need to have a One Health approach not only in the understanding of the epidemiology but mostly in the management of these diseases. (mdpi.com)
can negatively affect the health of farm animals resulting in significant losses in production. (cmu.ac.th)
[ 3 ] Diarrheal diseases can quickly reach epidemic proportions, rapidly overwhelming public health systems in even the most advanced societies. (medscape.com)
This study shows that tungiasis in the selected study areas of Kiharu constituency is a disease of significant health concern. (biomedcentral.com)
In 1983 he became the Chief of the Division of Animal Health. (alumni.csiro.au)
He won an AM for his service to primary industry in the field of animal health. (alumni.csiro.au)
Agricultural intensification contributes to global food security and health by supplying the food demand of a growing human population, but also causes environmental problems. (sav.sk)
Previous studies addressed the effects of ecological intensification on the functional diversity of single taxonomic groups in individual countries without considering links between functional diversity and plant, animal or human health across different landscapes and climatic regions. (sav.sk)
Closing this knowledge gap will contribute to the development of nature-based agricultural systems that provide simultaneously high levels of plant protection and health, together with sufficient productivity and quality to support the global human population, all while reducing environmental impact of agriculture. (sav.sk)
Proposals for research on disease systems of public health concern toLow- or Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are strongly encouraged, as are disease systems of concern in agricultural systems. (instrumentl.com)
With great pleasure we welcome all the participants across the World to attend the "5th Annual Conference on Epidemiology and Public Health" going to be held on December 08-09, 2022, Paris, France. (conferenceseries.com)
Epidemiology Health Meet 2022 conference brings jointly experts, main researchers, scientists, scholars, professors from fields of Health care, Epidemiology, Physicians, Nutrition, Nurse practitioners and other related areas to interrelate and interchange ideas about the state of the art technologies related to Epidemiology and Public health. (conferenceseries.com)
The conference will also produce an insightful understanding to the matter arising out of the Epidemiology and Public health and the future concern and treatment from that. (conferenceseries.com)
The current vision of cardiovascular disease point up an ecological approach that incorporates the full range of biological , environmental, and social determinants of cardiovascular health across the life course. (conferenceseries.com)
Health care providers, public health authorities, and the general public need to be aware of existing, resurging, and emerging tick and tick-borne disease threats. (mdpi.com)
METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group, including 11 population-based pregnancy or birth cohort studies, to evaluate the appropriateness of vital event data for mortality estimation. (cdc.gov)
Dear colleagues, We are pleased to announce that the international conference „THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON THE ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH" will be hosted in Košice, Slovakia on June 13-16, 2023. (uvlf.sk)
The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) identified a need for further theoretical training for their staff in veterinary public health, veterinary epidemiology and animal disease management. (up.ac.za)
BTech (or National Higher Diploma) graduates in Animal Health may apply for the diploma programme in order to prepare for masters' study. (up.ac.za)
Funding: Funding for this study comes from the Morris Animal Foundation (MAF D09ZO-041 and MAF D09ZO-634), the Emory University Global Health Institute, the Arcus Foundation, the Leo S. Guthman Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI58715). (cdc.gov)
In addition, public health, including zoonotic disease risk, is something that doesn't stay in one location, attached to one project or site. (biohabitats.com)
Furthermore, it plays a key role in protecting public health and can provide valuable inputs for the development of new medicines and protection systems against particular diseases, such as COVID-19. (bbva.com)
ecoepidemiology, or 'landscape epidemiology', which aims to integrate complex models that explain the multidimensionality of health processes at different levels. (bbva.com)
In the last couple of years, stray dogs and cats have been increasing in Sulaimaniyah province, especially in public parks and residential areas, which might significantly impact public health by spreading zoonotic diseases, including toxocariasis (6). (vetmedmosul.com)

However, studies on toxoplasmosis in food animals used for human consumption in Ethiopia are very scarce. (biomedcentral.com)
Domestic cats and wild felids play a crucial role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis as the definitive hosts, through the shedding of millions of oocysts when infected [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
White- tailed deer (WTD) are important in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis for several reasons. (usda.gov)

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease, especially among children. (who.int)
Although asthma has a relatively low fatality rate compared to other chronic diseases, according to WHO estimates, 300 million people suffer from asthma and 255 000 people died of asthma in 2005. (who.int)
Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) encompass a group of chronic inflammatory diseases sharing common genetic and clinical features, including the association with HLA-B27 antigen, the involvement of both the axial and the peripheral skeleton, the presence of dactylitis, enthesitis, and typical extra-articular manifestations such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute anterior uveitis (AAU). (hindawi.com)
Spondyloarthropathies (SpA) embrace different chronic inflammatory diseases sharing common genetic (association with HLA-B27 antigen) and clinical features. (hindawi.com)
The test was less successful on samples from patients with chronic disease, for example. (genomeweb.com)

Según la prevalencia y el impacto en la salud pública, la toxocariasis es una zoonosis subestimada en los países en desarrollo y desarrollados. (scielo.org.co)

5. Implementation of this strategy should reduce morbidity and mortality due to human African trypanosomiasis and improve the economic and social status of the affected populations. (who.int)
Prospective population-based cohort studies are an underutilized data source for mortality estimation that may offer strengths that avoid biases. (cdc.gov)

These types of diseases may be caused due to water-borne, food-borne, and airborne in human beings as well as in plants and animals. (conferenceseries.com)

Here we describe the application of novel GPS technology to track the mobility of domesticated animals (27 goats, 2 sheep and 8 dogs) with the goal of identifying potential routes for Cryptosporidium introduction into Gombe National Park. (cdc.gov)
Analysis of GPS tracks indicated that a crop field frequented by both chimpanzees and domesticated animals was a potential hotspot for Cryptosporidium transmission. (cdc.gov)

Ten counties (15% of the population) reported at least one nonoperational public sewer system, and 45 counties (53% of the population) reported vector problems. (cdc.gov)
The study population comprised of public primary school pupils, the most vulnerable age group ( n = 508) in Gaturi, Kimathi, Kahuhia and Mugoiri in Kiharu constituency. (biomedcentral.com)

Human beings and other warm-blooded animals become infected primarily by ingesting food or water contaminated with sporulated oocysts or by ingesting meat that contain tissue cysts of T. gondii [ 6 , 8 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Like human beings and other animals, plants are subject to diseases. (peprimer.com)
just as they cause human diseases. (peprimer.com)
The number of human dracunculiasis cases reported declined to seven cases in three countries (Angola, Chad, and South Sudan) during January-June 2018, while the number of infected animals reported stood at 709 during the same period. (cdc.gov)
Since it was first reported in Vietnam in 2003, the disease has been responsible for human outbreaks and deaths in 15 countries in Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa resulting in 603 human cases including 356 deaths. (who.int)
Parasitic cysts causing human CE are mainly localized in the liver and in the lungs. (bvsalud.org)
Inhalation and dermal exposure to CDDs are of lesser concern than oral exposure (because ingestion of CDDs in food is thought to be the principal route of exposure for the general population), but limited information from exposed human and animal studies indicate that CDDs can be absorbed by these routes. (cdc.gov)
Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations. (aaem.pl)
one-third of the human population. (bvsalud.org)
But we are now learning how biodiversity loss, habitat destruction and urbanization are playing a part in zoonotic disease risk by increasing the chances of human-animal encounters, squeezing animals that do not typically come across each other in the same small space, and eliminating predators who could potentially be eating those who harbor disease (for example reducing the habitat of owls that could be eating Lyme disease causing mice). (biohabitats.com)

Less than 10% of the at-risk population are currently under surveillance. (who.int)
Background magnitude of the antimicrobial drug resistance crisis tious disease surveillance, more than 95 percent of is unknown because of the absence of systematic moni- these funds are limited to surveillance of diseases in toring. (cdc.gov)

[ 1 ] Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an estimated 179 million cases of acute gastroenteritis occurred every year in the United States. (medscape.com)
The disease course is usually complicated by extra-articular manifestations (EAMs), such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and acute anterior uveitis (AAU) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The latter is commonly reported as a noninfectious acute inflammation of the anterior uveal tract and its adjacent structures, which may affect more than 20% of SpA patients representing the most common EAM of the disease [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

No outbreaks of diarrheal disease were identified. (cdc.gov)
Giardiasis and amebiasis are major diarrheal diseases that spread all over the world. (panafrican-med-journal.com)

Cerebral hydatid of the brain in a 10-year-old child, with Hydatid disease was confirmed cysts are usually supratentorial and a total of 73 cysts removed from his histopathologically. (who.int)

2014). So, sheep population in this region has become adapted to a range of environments from cool alpine climate of the mountains to the hot and arid pastoral areas of the lowlands (Mirkana, 2010). (ijlr.org)
1. Mazinani M, Rude B. Population, world production and quality of sheep and goat products. (ac.ir)
Eggs are shed into the environment through feces and become embryonated within 3-6 weeks (1) and infect the host and paratenic host animals, including dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, rodents, birds, and man through ingestion of contaminated food (2). (vetmedmosul.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms21

Diseases48

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care19

Geographicals4

Infectious37

Infections24

Humans27

Malaria8

Infection19

Pathogens7

Parasites8

Infestation4

Reservoirs3

Nematodes3

Vectors3

Centers for Diseas2

Species7

Diagnosis3

Parasite5

Organisms2

Ecology3

Molecular epidemiology1

Tropical diseases6

Laboratory2

Pathogen1

Abstract2

Toxoplasma2

Endemic11

Control15

Livestock2

Chagas9

Prevalence3

Communicable5

Infective2

World Health Organ1

Contagious2

Incidence2

Severity2

Vector borne disease2

Worms4

Vulnerable populations1

Prevention3

Viruses2

Health28

Toxoplasmosis3

Chronic5

Toxocariasis1

Mortality2

Water-borne1

Cryptosporidium2

Public2

Human10

Surveillance2

Acute3

Diarrheal2

Cysts1

Sheep3