• If the molecule induces enzymes that are responsible for its own metabolism, this is called auto-induction (or auto-inhibition if there is inhibition). (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the major mechanisms of protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity mediated by carcinogens is the induction of enzymes involved in their metabolism, particularly phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucuronosyl transferases, and quinone reductases. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • While this study highlighted the general feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes in humans, a longer term intervention is addressing whether protective alterations in aflatoxin metabolism can be sustained for extended periods of time in this high-risk population. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The white rot fungi, Pleurotus sajar-caju secretes the major lignin modifying enzymes Laccase (Lac) and Manganese peroxidase (MnP) with low levels of Lignin peroxidase (LiP) during their secondary metabolism that is capable of mineralizing lignin. (chemijournal.com)
  • These studies critically evaluated and characterized the principal enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • S -alkylation → activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway → transcriptional activation → induction of phase 2 enzymes → activation of GSH metabolism → neuroprotection. (thieme-connect.com)
  • We conclude that targeted absolute LC-MS/MS quantification of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters can broaden the scope and significantly increase the impact of in vitro drug metabolism studies, such as induction, as an important supplement or future alternative to mRNA and activity data. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Mutations in genes concerned with production of enzymes for metabolism of tobacco products may lead to increased risk of carcinogenesis with respect to oral mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further studies of the induction of the liver microsomal drug-hydroxylating enzyme system by pretreatment of rats with various drugs are presented. (rupress.org)
  • The early increase in these enzymes is found in the microsomal subfraction consisting of rough-surfaced vesicles, whereas repeated administration of the inducing drug results in a concentration of the enzymes in the smooth-surfaced vesicles. (rupress.org)
  • Olive leaf extract influences liver microsomal detoxifying enzymes in rats orally exposed to 2-amino-l-methyI-6-phenyI-imidazo pyridine. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Pesticide-induced changes in hepatic microsomal enzyme systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3. Any treatment which could bring about induction or inhibition of hepatic microsomal enzyme system within 1 month of the study starting. (who.int)
  • While the expression of phase II enzymes (e.g., glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase) was markedly induced by a phenolic antioxidant in vivo in both wild type and heterozygous mutant mice, the induction was largely eliminated in the liver and intestine of homozygous nrf2-mutant mice. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Broccoli sprout extract protected the liver from various types of xenobiotic substances through induction of detoxification enzymes and glutathione synthesis. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Thyme and its constituents increase the activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in mouse liver. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • These are termed xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) found especially in the liver but also in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, and several are polymorphic and strongly influence individual biological responses to carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • A direct role for IDO in pteridine synthesis has not been shown, and this parallel induction may reflect coordinate regulation of genes induced by IFN-gamma. (nih.gov)
  • Since the ARE resembles the binding sequence of erythroid transcription factor NF-E2, we investigated the possibility that the phase II enzyme genes might be regulated by transcription factors that also bind to the NF-E2 sequence. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results demonstrate that Nrf2 is essential for the transcriptional induction of phase II enzymes and the presence of a coordinate transcriptional regulatory mechanism for phase II enzyme genes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The other 2 genes encoded phase 2 enzymes [NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase1and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1]. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Certain CQA derivatives dramatically decreased several markers of inflammation, including NF-kappa-B, which regulates many genes that affect the process through the production of important enzymes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Various products of these genes are enzymes involved in the activation or degradation of carcinogens/pro-carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enzyme inhibition can refer to the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule interference at the enzyme-level, basically with how the enzyme works. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initial experiments should investigate the potential to induce CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 enzymes. (labcorp.com)
  • Brussel sprouts induce detoxifying enzymes. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Jacobs-Wagner's career started off with a bang when, as a graduate student at the University of Liège in the early 1990s, she discovered that some bacteria can induce the enzyme beta-lactamase when exposed to antibiotics such cephalosporin, rendering them resistant to these drugs. (the-scientist.com)
  • New evidence suggests that St. John's Wort can induce a family of liver enzymes known as P450 enzymes that are responsible for breaking down (metabolizing) a large number of prescription drugs. (citizen.org)
  • The drug-induced enzyme synthesis is unaffected by adrenalectomy. (rupress.org)
  • Working with experts in protein chemistry, genetics, beta-lactamase biochemistry, cell wall synthesis, and medical microbiology - in Belgium, France, the United States, and Sweden - Jacobs-Wagner discovered a regulatory protein that can sense the peptidoglycans that accumulate when antibiotics disrupt cell wall synthesis, and then activate transcription of beta-lactamase, the enzyme that disarms the drugs. (the-scientist.com)
  • Porphyria is the common term for a group of syndromes, largely hereditary, that result from defects in porphyrins (the enzymes involved in heme synthesis). (medscape.com)
  • Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • While investigating your drug's metabolic qualities, you will also want to include enzyme induction studies to highlight potential issues with achieving efficacious plasma concentrations of concomitantly administered medications when your drug induces or enhances an enzyme expression. (labcorp.com)
  • In particular, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induces an enzyme of tryptophan catabolism, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is responsible for conversion of tryptophan and other indole derivatives to kynurenine. (nih.gov)
  • Assay of enzymes under liquid screening test indicated significant levels of laccase (0.56 U/ml), LiP (0.054U/ml) and MnP (0.21 U/ml) by P. sajar-caju . (chemijournal.com)
  • Assay conditions, such as culture format and duration, media supplements etc., were reported previously to alter the phenotype and induction response of cultured hepatocytes ( LeCluyse, 2001 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Biochemical assay for enzyme activity is the method of definitive diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • These studies are recommended by both FDA and EMA drug-drug interaction (DDI) guidelines to evaluate cytochrome P450 induction for CYP1A2, CYP2B6,CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 before going to first-in-human trials. (labcorp.com)
  • While this group of enzymes is believed to be under the transcriptional control of antioxidant response elements (AREs), this contention is experimentally unconfirmed. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Phloretin has possible chemopreventive role in which modulating the antioxidant and detoxification enzyme status. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Explore the latest questions and answers in Antioxidant Enzymes, and find Antioxidant Enzymes experts. (researchgate.net)
  • Haemoglobin is a serious problem during purification and analysis of antioxidant enzymes from red blood cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Induction of CYP enzymes (typically CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4) is measured in vitro following exposure to test article in monolayer cultures of human hepatocytes. (labcorp.com)
  • In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro tissue culture (induction, CaCo2) and in vivo animal models. (environmentalchemistry.com)
  • Direct protein quantification was applied successfully to study in vitro induction in sandwich cultured primary hepatocytes in a 24-well format using the prototypical inducers rifampicin, omeprazole, and phenobarbital. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Common culture formats used for in vitro enzyme induction studies comprise conventional and sandwich cultures, the former referring to plated hepatocytes maintained on rigid substratum (e.g., collagen), whereas in the latter cells are "sandwiched" by an additional layer of either collagen or a composite of extracellular matrix proteins, such as Matrigel ( LeCluyse, 2001 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • 2 Rifampin, an inducer of enzymes that metabolizes estrogens, decreases the effectiveness of OCPs. (aafp.org)
  • We demonstrate the power of the method by uncovering several novel features of an iconic gene regulatory program: the induction of Escherichia coli 's lac operon in response to a switch from glucose to lactose. (nature.com)
  • Acacia catechu extract affords hepato-protection against DMBA in rats through modulation of phase I, II and anti-oxidative enzymes. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Enzyme induction can result in increased metabolic clearance or toxicity that is caused by increased systemic exposure of active metabolites. (labcorp.com)
  • The effects are then compared with those elicited by positive control inducers of the CYP enzymes under investigation. (labcorp.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Impact of adolescent nicotine exposure on adenylyl cyclase-mediated cell signaling: enzyme induction, neurotransmitter-specific effects, regional selectivities, and the role of withdrawal. (duke.edu)
  • In the present study we address the nature of the effector of these neuroprotective effects downstream of the phase 2 enzyme induction. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Other reversible early effects noted were peripheral neuropathy and liver enzyme induction. (timetoast.com)
  • Cultured hepatocytes offer the possibility to assess long-term effects, such as enzyme induction (i.e., changes of the expression levels of molecular entities of the hepatocytes). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Animal studies indicate that induction of phase 2 enzymes is a sufficient condition for obtaining chemoprevention and can be achieved by administering any of a diverse array of naturally-occurring and synthetic chemopreventive agents. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Indeed, monitoring of enzyme induction has led to the recognition or isolation of novel, potent chemopreventive agents such as 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones, terpenoids and the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • These inherited enzyme defects usually manifest in childhood, although some, such as McArdle disease and Pompe disease, have separate adult-onset forms. (medscape.com)
  • Results will be used to determine non-toxic test article concentrations for the induction assays. (labcorp.com)
  • Depending on the specific enzyme affected, porphyria may manifest clinically in an acute or non-acute manner, and the signs and symptoms may be predominantly neurovisceral, psychiatric, cutaneous, or some combination of those. (medscape.com)
  • To test the hypothesis that enzyme induction is a useful strategy for chemoprevention in humans, three key elements are necessary: a candidate agent, an at-risk population and modulatable intermediate endpoints. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Elevated kynurenine levels have been found in humans in a number of diseases and after interferon treatment, and the enzyme is induced in rodents after administration of interferon inducers, or influenza virus. (nih.gov)
  • Ultimately cancer cells died with the induction of two specific enzymes, caspase-3 and caspase-8, de Mejia said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The enzymes affected normally catalyze reactions that ultimately convert glycogen compounds to monosaccharides, of which glucose is the predominant component. (medscape.com)
  • At what concentration does hydrogen peroxide inhibit enzyme activity? (researchgate.net)
  • The levels of metabolizing enzymes and transporters expressed in hepatocytes are decisive factors for hepatobiliary disposition of most drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the French molecular biologists François Jacob and Jacques Monod became the first to explain enzyme induction, in the context of the lac operon of Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lac operon of E. coli is but one example of how enzyme and transporter production can be made conditional on the presence of a nutrient to catabolize. (lu.se)
  • People knew there was a connection between enzyme induction and cell wall breakdown," he says. (the-scientist.com)
  • The induction of these enzymes can cause faster breakdown of a drug that can lead to a reduction in blood levels and thus a possible loss of therapeutic effect. (citizen.org)
  • The results from this study offers scope for application of white rot fungi P. sajar-caju for biodegradation of agrowastes as well for recycling of the agro wastes for the commercial production of edible mushrooms under Integrated farming system to benefit the farming community as well to tap industrially important lignolytic enzymes like laccases. (chemijournal.com)
  • I know the 'Biomarker Integration Data Expert System', but this system is more appropriated for worm enzymes than soil enzymes. (researchgate.net)
  • Can someone guide me on the references of spectrophotometer methods used to measure enzymes or proteins newly discovered in the blood serum? (researchgate.net)
  • What are the main references (book or research) for one or more, that specify methods for measuring newly discovered enzymes or proteins, in which simple manual methods are used. (researchgate.net)
  • Study of Enzyme Induction by Anesthetic Amounts Found in Ambient Air. (cdc.gov)
  • This study carried out for estimation of polyphenols (TP) and induction of oxidative enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in the sunflower plants through seeds immersion in agrochemicals of salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CH) in addition to conidial suspension of T. harzianum and thereafter analysis plants content of carbohydrates and protein. (plantprotection.pl)
  • These results suggest that inducing the plants' own defense mechanism by applying salicylic acid and chitosan and bio-control of T. harzianum may offer alternative methods for controlling charcoal rot of sunflower due to the creation of defensive enzymes and could support plant vigor by enhancement of its protein and carbohydrate content. (plantprotection.pl)
  • 8 Visanji J M, Thompson D G, Padfield P J. Induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by carnosol and carnosic acid is associated with alteration of cyclin A and cyclin B1 levels. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Induction data is used in determining the requirement and scope of clinical DDI studies. (labcorp.com)
  • Enzyme deficiency results in glycogen accumulation in tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Indian Official Languages Dictionary is significantly better than Google translation offers multiple meanings, alternate words list of enzyme induction enzyme induction phrases with similar meanings in Marathi मराठी, Marathi मराठी dictionary Marathi मराठी enzyme induction translation enzyme induction meaning enzyme induction definition enzyme induction antonym enzyme induction synonym Marathi language reference work for finding synonyms, antonyms of enzyme induction . (khandbahale.com)
  • Induction via nuclear receptor activation can significantly alter those levels, with the coregulation of multiple enzymes and transporters occurring to different extents. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Input a term enzyme induction by either copy & post, drag & drop, or simply by typing in the search box. (khandbahale.com)
  • Among the enzymes, laccase and MnP was produced in significant levels by P. sajar-caju from 21st to 28th day under solid state fermentation (SSF). (chemijournal.com)
  • IDO induction also occurs in vivo during rejection of allogeneic tumors, indicating a possible role for this enzyme in the tumor rejection process. (nih.gov)
  • A glycogen storage disease (GSD) is the result of an enzyme defect. (medscape.com)
  • The FDA has approved the lysosomal glycogen-specific enzyme alglucosidase alfa ( Lumizyme ) for the treatment of infantile-onset Pompe disease, including in patients younger than age 8. (medscape.com)