• Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
  • The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, GROα, KC, neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MGSA-α). (wikidoc.org)
  • One mechanism of cell entry involves HIV-1 binding with the CD4 receptor and co-receptor chemokine (CC motif) receptor 5 (CCR5). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genes that regulate ligands for chemokine receptor genes have been associated with the risk of HIV infection, a notable example existing for chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3-like 1 ( CCL3L1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 [Source:HG. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • This gene and other chemokine receptor genes, including CCR2, CCRL2, CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR1, are found to form a gene cluster on chromosome 3p. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Until recently, SDF-1 and CXCR4 were believed to be a relatively monogamous ligand-receptor pair (other chemokines are promiscuous, tending to use several different chemokine receptors). (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCL12 (over-)expressing cancers might not sense the CXCL12 gradient released from the metastasis target tissues since the receptor, CXCR4, is saturated with the ligand produced in an autocrine manner. (wikidoc.org)
  • The ligands of this receptor include CCL3 (or MIP-1 alpha), CCL5 (or RANTES), CCL7 (or MCP-3), and CCL23 (or MPIF-1). (wikipedia.org)
  • The CCR5 co-receptor also binds with chemokines produced by CD8+ T cells, including RANTES (CCL5), and MIP (macrophage inflammatory protein) 1α (CCL3) and 1β (CCL4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3) interacts with multiple leukocyte receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • PF4 is chemotactic for neutrophils , fibroblasts and monocytes , and interacts with a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 , known as CXCR3B. (wikidoc.org)
  • A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
  • CXCR-4 is an alpha- chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 ( SDF-1 also called CXCL12), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • C-C chemokine receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The gene for human PF4 is located on human chromosome 4 . (wikidoc.org)
  • [8] The gene for CXCL1 is located on human chromosome 4 amongst genes for other CXC chemokines. (wikidoc.org)
  • [1] [9] The gene of LT-α is located on chromosome 6 and is in close proximity of the gene encoding major histocompatibility complex . (wikidoc.org)
  • As a member of the TNF family , LT-α binds to various receptors and activates the NF-κB pathway , thus promoting immune regulation through the innate immune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which belongs to G protein-coupled receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. (lookformedical.com)
  • Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α) or tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • Interesting associations for SNPs located within or near genes involved in pregnancy and development, innate immunological response, or HIV protein interactions were also observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 ( CXCR-4 ) also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • [15] The production of NF-kB1 and ReIA increases rates of gene transcription of cytokines and inflammatory-inducing molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • However, whether amplified and mutated genes form functional and physical interaction networks that could explain the selection for cells with combined alterations is unknown. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Each amplicon had distinct enrichment pattern in pathways, networks, and molecular functions, but genes within individual amplicons did not form coherent functional units. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • This chemokine is released from alpha-granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation, and promotes blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin -like molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggested the roles of this gene in host protection from inflammatory response, and susceptibility to virus and parasite. (wikipedia.org)
  • In other studies, mice with gene knockout of LT-α showed enhanced tumor growth, implicating possible protective role of LT-α in cancer. (wikidoc.org)
  • Interferon α/ß receptor knockout (Ifnar1-/-) mice were inoculated with recent USUV isolates from Africa and Europe, as well as the historic 1959 South African strain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Genes regulating co-receptor availability are also involved in HIV susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of this receptor in cancer cells has been linked to metastasis to tissues containing a high concentration of CXCL12, such as lungs, liver and bone marrow. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of LT-β receptors is capable of inducing cell death of cancerous cells and suppressing tumor growth. (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCR4 is one of several chemokine receptors that HIV can use to infect CD4+ T cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Drugs that block the CXCR4 receptor appear to be capable of "mobilizing" hematopoietic stem cells into the bloodstream as peripheral blood stem cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • LT-α can also form heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta , which anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface. (wikidoc.org)
  • A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
  • Formation of LT-α 1 -β 2 complex enables binding to LT-β receptors and subsequent activation of signaling pathways. (wikidoc.org)
  • After LT-β receptor activation, IKK-α, β, and γ are produced, which increases degradation of I-κB , an inhibitor or NF-kB, and produce NF-kB1 (p50) and ReIA (p60). (wikidoc.org)
  • Plerixafor (AMD3100) is a drug, approved for routine clinical use, [7] which directly blocks the CXCR4 receptor. (wikidoc.org)
  • Human CXCL1 genome location and CXCL1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser . (wikidoc.org)
  • The human gene encoding for LT-α was cloned in 1985. (wikidoc.org)
  • CXCR4 is upregulated during the implantation window in natural and hormone replacement therapy cycles in the endometrium, producing, in presence of a human blastocyst , a surface polarization of the CXCR4 receptors suggesting that this receptor is implicated in the adhesion phase of human implantation . (wikidoc.org)
  • Genes in amplicons included all major tumorigenic pathways and were highly enriched in breast cancer-causative genes. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In general, mutated genes were more frequently upstream of gained genes in transcription regulation signaling than vice versa, suggesting that mutated genes are mainly regulators, whereas gained genes are mostly regulated. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • ESR1 was the major transcription factor regulating amplified but not mutated genes. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The levels of the receptor decrease as neurons mature. (wikidoc.org)
  • Associations between transmission and a selection of genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s may give an incomplete picture of HIV MTCT etiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To investigate this issue, we characterized copy number alterations in 191 breast tumors using dense single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and identified 1,747 genes with copy number gain organized into 30 amplicons. (gsea-msigdb.org)