Embryonic development. Medical search. Frequent questions

The UCSF-led team made its discovery by studying the impact of smoke on human embryonic stem cells as they differentiated, or specialized into various cell types, in the culture dish. (ucsf.edu)
They also established that at least some of the impact was mediated through several molecular pathways known to play a role in differentiation.In one of the pathways, the toxins dramatically increased the activity of a key gene that keeps embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state, suggesting that its disruption might be responsible for much of the delay seen in embryonic development. (ucsf.edu)
First, they extended the analysis of gene activity in umbilical cord stem cells previously examined by their University of Connecticut co-authors, determining that tobacco smoke increased the activity of genes that delay the development of mesoderm - the layer of tissue that gives rise to blood, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems - as well endoderm and ectoderm, the two other layers of embryonic cells that give rise to the tissues of the body. (ucsf.edu)
Next, they exposed human embryonic stem cells in the culture dish either to tobacco smoke or nicotine at concentrations found in fetal blood. (ucsf.edu)
They discovered that both nicotine and non-nicotine components of tobacco smoke increased the activity of genes that hold embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent, or undifferentiated, state. (ucsf.edu)
They also highlight the power of human embryonic stem cells as a model of human development. (ucsf.edu)
Here, we defined the single-cell spatiotemporal gene expression landscape of human embryonic development with stem-cell-derived organoids. (newswise.com)
We established the human embryonic organoid (HEMO) from expanded potential stem cells and achieved both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in the same organoid. (newswise.com)
Overall, our study advances the spatiotemporal analysis of human embryonic development in stem-cell-derived organoids. (newswise.com)
Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
3D reconstitution of the patterned neural tube from embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Disease research and drug development models based on genetically altered human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
With the unlimited self-renewal capability and the pluripotency to differentiate into all cell types in the body, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with causative genetic mutations as well as their differentiated derivatives represent the much needed human disease models for studies on disease mechanisms and for drug development. (ca.gov)
Researchers report in a study published in the journal Stem Cell Reports , that nicotine exerted adverse effects on human embryonic development at the cellular lever. (labroots.com)
Using single-cell RNA sequencing of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived embryoid bodies, results revealed that 3 weeks of nicotine exposure disrupted cell-to-cell communication, increased cell mortality, and altered the expression of genes that regulate critical functions needed for heart muscle-cell contractions. (labroots.com)
This image illustrates how researchers studied the adverse effects of nicotine exposure on various cell lineages derived from human embryonic stem cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). (labroots.com)
The number of cells, including embryonic stem cells, doubles only every two to three weeks. (infuture.eu)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during development from the vascular wall of the main embryonic arteries. (lu.se)

We described the early embryonic development of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus , based on morphological features and gene expression. (bioone.org)

Now, using mouse embryos, Caltech researchers have new insights into the embryo's architecture and the structures that enable proper development at this stage. (caltech.edu)
These abnormalities were less frequent in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing rat αA-crystallin suggesting a specific role of α-crystallins in embryonic lens development. (nih.gov)
The brain samples were collected from intact embryos at embryonic day (E) 12, 14, 16, 19 and 20. (purdue.edu)
By developing a unified, multi-scale model of somitogenesis -- a process that establishes the earliest evident segmentation in vertebrate embryos -- both a case study for other scientists creating similar predictive, informative multi-scale models of development and important insights into the vertebrate body plan and its evolution have been achieved, according to Biocomplexity Institute Director James Glazier. (phys.org)
The findings could provide new evidences for better understanding the functions of rab11 in the development of zebrafish embryos. (researchsquare.com)
Meanwhile, early embryo development is significant for somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle as a large proportion of cloned embryos fail to develop beyond peri-implantation stage. (engineering.org.cn)
An Indiana woman's brain tumor turned out to contain hair, bone and teeth, and has been dubbed her "embryonic twin" - but experts say that such tumors are not actually twins, nor are they embryos. (livescience.com)
Although these tumors can originate during embryonic development, they aren't embryos, and they are not a person's "twin. (livescience.com)
Embryos were derived from artificial fertilization of frogs' eggs, and the staging of development was based on morphological and physiological characteristics. (zoores.ac.cn)
Retinoic acid is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in the development of the brain in animal embryos. (elifesciences.org)
We further found that ectopic overexpression of wild-type Mcpip1 but not the catalytically inactive mutant form resulted in an embryonic lethal phenotype in zebrafish embryos (24 hpf). (bvsalud.org)
Altogether, our results demonstrate that the expression of zc3h12a must be tightly controlled during the first cell divisions of zebrafish embryos and that a rapid decrease in its mRNA expression is an important factor promoting proper embryo development . (bvsalud.org)

In mammals, the term refers chiefly to the early stages of prenatal development, whereas the terms fetus and fetal development describe later stages. (wikipedia.org)
We hope the findings will be a launching pad for further investigations on the impact on fetal development at the cellular level. (ucsf.edu)
Report of the Consensus Development Conference on the effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. (who.int)
Week 9 to week 37 ( GA 11-39) or birth are considered the fetal period of development. (ventolaphotography.com)
Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
Disturbed fetal limb muscle development has also been reported and may underlie the bony malformations. (medscape.com)
Used with organs, regions, and animal headings for embryologic and fetal development. (bvsalud.org)

Our study provides new insight into the rab11 expression and promotes the use of this model organism to tackle future studies on the role of rab11 in embryo development. (researchsquare.com)
This, in turn, increases the expression of metabolic and cell cycle genes, driving embryo development forwards. (infuture.eu)
The study of embryo development is known as embryology, which is a branch of biology dedicated to understanding the processes and stages of embryonic growth. (microbiologynote.com)

Various forms of embryonic diapause are known to occur in over 130 mammalian species. (infuture.eu)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)

In developmental biology, animal embryonic development, also known as animal embryogenesis, is the developmental stage of an animal embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Single-cell level characterization of embryonic development is a major benchmark of human developmental biology. (newswise.com)

Human embryology is the study of this development during the first eight weeks after fertilisation. (ventolaphotography.com)

The gastrula then undergoes further development, including the formation of organs (organogenesis). (wikipedia.org)

Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. (yeastrc.org)
To model and thus be able to study thse childhood malignancies in an embryonic context, we have developed a paradigm of human tumor cell transplantation within selected tissues of the avian embryo. (inmg.fr)
A future challenge will be to see if similar retinoic acid gradients and noise control occur in other tissues, and if the noise has any positive role to play in development. (elifesciences.org)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)

It is generally believed that these tumors represent arrested or aberrant skeletal muscle development, and, accordingly, developmental signaling pathways critical to myogenesis such as Notch, WNT, and Hedgehog may represent new therapeutic targets. (duke.edu)
Oncofactory offers an innovative in vivo platform suited for all cancers consisting in the creation of miniaturized replicas of patient tumors in an embryonic organism. (inmg.fr)

Two trials were conducted to study 1) the natural maturation process of the 5-HTergic system and its effects on the development of DAergic system and 2) 5-HT imprinting effects on the development of the 5-HTergic/DAergic system during mid-late embryogenesis. (purdue.edu)

Egg incubation and yolk-sac larval development was performed in three laboratory tanks (of 35 l each) at temperature condition of 21°C. For the study of ontogeny, were sampled in the embryonic stage 25 eggs every 30 min and in yolk-sac larval stage, 10 specimens every 4 h. (scialert.net)
We investigated the early embryonic and larval development of the concave-eared torrent frogs, Odorrana tormota (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). (zoores.ac.cn)

We then analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of rab11a gene in embryonic development by RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. (researchsquare.com)
The embryonic development of the loach resembled that of the zebrafish in terms of morphological change and gene expression. (bioone.org)
Thus, we provide a reference dataset describing the expression patterns of RPRM gene products during zebrafish and mouse development as a first step to approach the physiological role of the RPRM gene family. (frontiersin.org)
Such knowledge is fundamental to advance in our understanding of the possible role of this gene family in neuronal development. (frontiersin.org)
Herein we examine the temporal and spatial expression patterns of RPRM gene-products (mRNA and protein) during neural development. (frontiersin.org)
The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)
Remarkable progress in science and technology has led to the development of powerful tools for genome sequencing and editing increasing ability to study gene expression and function at multiple levels from cells to populations. (cdc.gov)
Embryonic atrazine exposure elicits proteomic, behavioral, and brain abnormalities with developmental time specific gene expression signatures. (cdc.gov)
Although the transcriptomic alterations in larval zebrafish with embryonic atrazine exposure have been reported, neither the time at which gene expression changes occur nor the resulting proteomic changes have been investigated. (cdc.gov)
The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)

Time-series single-cell RNA sequencing paired with single-cell resolution spatial revealed human embryonic development signatures such as extraembryonic placenta, yolk sac hematopoiesis neural crest, blood vessels, and cardiac mesoderm. (newswise.com)
In the present study the embryonic and yolk-sac larval growth and development of common sharpnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777), are described and illustrated. (scialert.net)
In the present study, described the embryonic and yolk-sac larval ontogeny (growth and development), of common sharpnout sea bream ( Diplodus puntazzo ), with aim of both giving solutions on commercial rearing systems and contribution to ichthyoplankton studies. (scialert.net)
The effect of a reduced area vasculosa is considered to retard embryonic development through restricted nutrient uptake from the yolk. (lincoln.ac.uk)
It is suggested that the physiological basis for the need for turning lies in maximizing the growth rate of the area vasculosa to maximize yolk use and embryonic growth rate. (lincoln.ac.uk)

These findings demonstrate that the role of α-crystallins in lens development is conserved from mammals to zebrafish and set the stage for using the embryonic lens as a model system to test mechanistic aspects of α-crystallin chaperone activity and to develop strategies to fine-tune protein-protein interactions in aging and cataracts. (nih.gov)
Topoisomerase II alpha is also required for embryonic development in mammals, as mouse Top2a knockouts result in embryonic lethality as early as the 4-8 cell stage. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Organ development of mammals is an amazing process. (mpg.de)

The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, leading to development of a multicellular embryo after passing through an organizational checkpoint during mid-embryogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

The main stages of animal embryonic development are as follows: The zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions (called cleavage) to form a structure called a morula. (wikipedia.org)
PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at Indiana University's Biocomplexity Institute have developed a computational model for the intricate cellular dance that occurs during the earliest stages of animal development when embryonic segments called somites form. (phys.org)

Scholars@Duke publication: Embryonic signaling pathways and rhabdomyosarcoma: contributions to cancer development and opportunities for therapeutic targeting. (duke.edu)
In this paper, we summarize the current preclinical studies linking these embryonic pathways to rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis and provide support for the investigation of targeted therapies in this embryonic cancer. (duke.edu)
It also remains unclear whether the amino acids are actually responsible for the resumption of embryonic development or whether the embryo itself also secretes molecules that act on maternal cells and signalling pathways. (infuture.eu)
and embryonic ATZ exposure changes protein abundance in carcinogenesis-related pathways. (cdc.gov)
The results indicate embryonic ATZ toxicity involves interactions of multiple pathways. (cdc.gov)

They also showed that the toxins increased activity of genes that delay the development of the three germ layers. (ucsf.edu)
Moreover, they show significant clustering within a single co-expression module of genes highly expressed during early human brain development. (mpi.nl)
Conclusions: Our results suggest that rab11 genes play important but distinct roles in the development of the nervous system in zebrafish. (researchsquare.com)
In order to find out which genes of a cell were active at a certain point of development, the scientists examined the transcriptome. (mpg.de)
The robust efficiency of genomic editing tools also presents an alternative approach to the functional annotation of genes critical to early development. (engineering.org.cn)
Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)
At the molecular level, transcriptomic profiling revealed extensive changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins important in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and in protein folding as well as involved in the formation of primary germ layer , mesendoderm and endoderm development, heart morphogenesis and cell migration . (bvsalud.org)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)

Inhibition or poisoning of maternal topoisomerase II delays embryonic development by extending the cell cycle M-phase. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Conclusions We conclude that maternal top2a enables zebrafish development before the mid-zygotic transition (MZT) and that zebrafish top2a and top2b are not functionally redundant during development after activation of the zygotic genome. (whiterose.ac.uk)

In parallel, we study pediatric cancers of the nervous system in the light of their embryonic origin, in particular neuroblastoma, a cancer derived from the neural crest, and medulloblastoma from cerebellar progenitors. (inmg.fr)

The embryonic development and colour changes of eggs during incubation were documented. (researchgate.net)
Effect of turning of the egg during incubation on development of the area vasculosa of the chick embryo was investigated. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Turning during the critical period stimulated the extent of growth of the area vasculosa by day 7 of incubation and of subsequent embryonic growth by day 14. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Incubation at low temperature resulted both in reduced expansion of the area vasculosa and retarded embryonic growth in a pattern similar to that observed for unturned eggs. (lincoln.ac.uk)

At 10 hpf, the germ ring and the embryonic shield were formed, indicating the stage of early gastrula. (bioone.org)
Typically, during the development of a human embryo, germ cells migrate to the gonads. (livescience.com)

Hence, both 10 ug and 20 ug 5-HT imprinting facilitated the neuronal development of both midbrain and hypothalamic DAergic groups, such as the ventral tegmental area and periventricular nucleus, via the increased synaptic 5-HT availabilities. (purdue.edu)

Rab11 proteins, members of the Rab GTPase family, are known to regulate vesicular recycling during embryonic development. (researchsquare.com)
Among various Rab proteins, Rab11 is known to localize to recycling endosome and regulate vesicular recycling and primary ciliogenesis, playing a key role in Kupffer vesicle development in zebrafish [5-7]. (researchsquare.com)
Since Wnt signaling proteins cannot be released without the PORCN protein, and Wnt signaling is important for normal embryonic development, the defects found in this disorder are related to lack of Wnt signaling. (medscape.com)
Wnt proteins are key regulators of embryonic development. (medscape.com)

Embryonic development starts with the fertilization of an egg cell (ovum) by a sperm cell, (spermatozoon). (wikipedia.org)
What are the process of fertilization and the development of human embryo? (ventolaphotography.com)
The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus. (ventolaphotography.com)
Epigenetic reprogramming is a key process occurring after fertilization and critical roles of epigenetic modifiers during preimplantation development are now clear. (engineering.org.cn)

2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)

In the skin, these abnormalities follow the embryonic lines of Blaschko. (medscape.com)

It causes changes in brain development, including alterations in the biosynthesis of hormones and the sensitivity of relative receptors, affecting the animal's physiological homeostasis and behavioral exhibition. (purdue.edu)
Moreover, this physiological phenomenon of migration also has a pathological correlate, that of pediatric cancers with an embryonic occurrence. (inmg.fr)

Perinatal factors affecting human development : proceedings of the special session held during the Eighth Meeting of the PAHO Advisory Committee on Medical Research, 10 June 1969. (who.int)
The embryonic period of human development was divided into eight main stages described as 1-unicellular, 2-blastomere stage, 3-blastoderm stage, 4-bilaminar stage, 5-trilaminar stage, 6-early somite stage, 7-stage of limb development, 8-late embryonic stage. (ventolaphotography.com)
first stages of human development. (ventolaphotography.com)

Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors appear early during prenatal development. (purdue.edu)
The unique developing time sequence between the 5-HTergic and DAergic systems confirmed that the 5-HTergic system plays an important role in regulating the prenatal development of the DAergic system. (purdue.edu)

Scientists have gained insight into how second-hand tobacco smoke damages the earliest stages of human embryonic development. (ucsf.edu)
The embryo is the earliest stage of development and remains within the egg or reproductive organs of the mother until hatching or birth. (microbiologynote.com)

Since segmentation occurs very early in development, when a mother often doesn't yet know she's pregnant and should avoid medications and alcohol, segmentation failure resulting from genetic conditions or from exposure to toxins or medicines during early pregnancy can have devastating results. (phys.org)
Results showed that exposure to belladonna mother tincture at higher concentration (5, 10 %) cause embryonic malformation including pericardial edema, increase in body length, eye width and heart rate, while decrease hatching rate with no effect on mortality. (ijpsonline.com)
Followup study on the mortality and the development of leukemia in 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic benzene exposure. (cdc.gov)
Significance: This is the first report of proteomic alterations following embryonic exposure to atrazine, an environmentally persistent pesticide and common water contaminant. (cdc.gov)
Finally, pathway analysis of the proteomic alterations identifies connections between the molecular changes and functional outcomes associated with embryonic atrazine exposure. (cdc.gov)
for Economic Cooperation and Development, pesticide exposure. (cdc.gov)

In addition, they described 56 developmental trajectories in organ development for different cell types. (mpg.de)

At E19, the differences in the raphe 5-HT concentrations and Htr1a expression among three groups were inherited and amplified from the mid-embryonic stage to the pre-hatching stage. (purdue.edu)
Importantly, a precise temporal description of RPRM protein expression during the development of neuronal structures is still missing. (frontiersin.org)
1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)

Embryonic month stage growth month by month cycle from 1 to 9 month to birth. (istockphoto.com)

The study of brain development in humans is limited by the lack of tissue samples and suitable in vitro models. (nature.com)
Development-on-chip: in vitro neural tube patterning with a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
To this end, the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is an established model to study early nervous system development, which combines the complexity of a vertebrate organism with the easy-to-use and high-throughput capabilities of in vitro models ( MacRae and Peterson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)

How can biologists understand embryonic development, i.e., the incredibly complicated process by which a single cell transforms itself into a complex multicellular organism through a series of cell divisions and movements? (uci.edu)
Junyue Cao, Malte Spielmann and their colleagues describe, which cell types differentiate between days 9.5 and 13.5 of mouse embryonic development, and how they transform into organs. (mpg.de)
Spielmann has spent the last two years as postdoc with Jay Shendure and Cole Trapnell at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, where he worked on the development of a single cell RNA labeling system. (mpg.de)

The embryo then transforms into the next stage of development, the nature of which varies between different animal species (examples of possible next stages include a fetus and a larva). (wikipedia.org)
One class of causes that have taken center stage in explaining development are gradient-forming "morphogens" that appear to structure the embryo along some body axis, normally anterio-posterior or dorso-ventral. (uci.edu)
Early developmental staging from the zygote stage to the gastrula is a basic step for studying embryonic development and biotechnology. (bioone.org)

Because of its resistance to predation, drought, and other factors, seed development was instrumental in the dominance of seed plants on land. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

as well as diagnostic techniques, drug development and tissue transplantation. (who.int)

By day six of development in the mouse embryo, the holes have concentrated to one side of the elongated shape. (caltech.edu)
In addition, these differences contribute to the dilemma in drug development that many therapeutic strategies work well in mouse models but do poorly in human patients. (ca.gov)
Scientists from Seattle and Berlin have published an atlas on mouse embryonic development. (mpg.de)

Weber will argue that this has to do with the fact that morphogen concentrations are hubs in complex causal nets that allow experimental biologists (and perhaps also evolution) to manipulate embryonic patterns along the main body axes by intervening on just a single variable. (uci.edu)

In a new study, the researchers show which molecular processes take place in the embryo while it is dormant: embryonic cells continue to divide during diapause, albeit very slowly. (infuture.eu)
To answer the question of what prevents the embryonic cells from dividing at a normal pace, the researchers first examined the molecular composition of the uterine fluid. (infuture.eu)

These questions are mainly addressed through the study of a population of embryonic cells with remarkable properties, the neural crest. (inmg.fr)
In this study, we utilized a zebrafish model to investigate the role of Mcpip1 during embryogenic development. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy66

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