• The research analyses the situation of each of these languages and the different language policies that the country has applied in the educational system since it achieved independence in 1956. (iemed.org)
  • After independence in 1956, however, Morocco became an importer of wheat and has remained so ever since. (axa-research.org)
  • On October 29, 1956, Israeli forces invaded Egypt and were soon joined by British and French troops. (toptenz.net)
  • That generation succeeded, as Morocco was able to regain its independence in 1956. (bauhaus-imaginista.org)
  • In 1956, Morocco formally gained independence from France, [21] which was arguably the biggest turning point for Miloud's business. (familybusinesshistories.org)
  • Morocco has claimed those territories (except the island of Alborán, further away from Africa) since its independence in 1956. (wikipedia.org)
  • When Spain relinquished its protectorate and recognized Morocco's independence in 1956, it did not give up these minor territories, as Spain had held them well before the establishment of its protectorate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 24 lectures held between October 2019 until May 2020, international experts analysed the socio-political situation of countries such as Morocco, Jordan or Libya, cross-cutting issues such as migration, refugees, and the role of women or the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran, among other issues. (iemed.org)
  • Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Popular insurrections in Egypt, Yemen, Syria, and even Libya have yielded deeply ambiguous results. (washingtonmonthly.com)
  • [24] He decided to shift his investment focus to Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt, where he succeeded in setting up multiple businesses in the construction and automobile sectors. (familybusinesshistories.org)
  • These began with the early Muslim expansions in the first two centuries of Islam (i.e. the seventh and eighth centuries of the Gregorian calendar), during which time, for example, the indigenous languages of lower Egypt disappeared They move on, more recently, to the periods of nationalist independence in the 1960s - as in Algeria, where state policy deliberately ignored other Algerian languages, like Berber, in favour of Arabic. (wluml.org)
  • Although their methods and outcomes were different, these associations' efforts, which started in the 1960s, have yielded ample results in the 1990s in Morocco and Algeria. (africasacountry.com)
  • State-sponsored initiatives to include Tamazight in the media in Morocco and the creation of the Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité in Algeria, were the highlights of this period. (africasacountry.com)
  • Increasingly, Imazighen in both Morocco and Algeria worked to create political parties and participate in politics based on their Amazigh identity. (africasacountry.com)
  • This culminated with constitutional reforms that led to the recognition of Tamazight as a national or official language in both Morocco and Algeria. (africasacountry.com)
  • The assumption is problematic as it could not interpret why Islamic political parties were defeated crushingly at the ballot box in Algeria, but obtained a landslide victory in Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco in the early 2010s (see Table 3 ) (Zoubir and Aghrout 2012 ), considering that the four countries were almost in the same socio-economic predicaments at the time (see Table 1 ). (springer.com)
  • Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Initially, Morocco deported the detainees to Algeria through an unofficial checkpoint at Oujda. (merip.org)
  • The agreement aimed at establishing a free trade area between Jordan, Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco and it was seen as a possible first step in the establishment of the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area as envisaged in the Barcelona Process. (wikipedia.org)
  • MENAFN - Jordan News Agency) Amman, March 5 (Petra)-The Anti-Narcotics Department ( AND) foiled an attempt to smuggle half a kilogram of cocaine and quantities of narcotic pills into the country en route Queen Alia International Airport, and nabbed the two suspects involved in the smuggling operation. (menafn.com)
  • The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has spread rapidly through the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 2006, with large epizootics reported in Iraq, Egypt, Jordan, occupied Palestine territories, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Djibouti and Sudan. (who.int)
  • This study examines the construction of national identity in two speeches, held respectively by King Abdullah II of Jordan and King Mohammed VI of Morocco, during the height of the Arab Spring in 2011. (lu.se)
  • Egypt has always backed Morocco's efforts to perfect its territorial integrity," Egyptian deputy minister of foreign affairs, Jamal-Eddine Bayoumi told Moroccan daily Al-Mounaataf. (wikipedia.org)
  • While some governments collapsed, most notably that of Mubarak in Egypt, others have remained in power, like the Moroccan constitutional monarchy. (axa-research.org)
  • Homemade food is referred to as beldi in Moroccan Arabic, which also refers to one's hometown or region. (axa-research.org)
  • Whether it took the form of the Académie Berbère or Agraw Imazighen in Paris or the al-Jam'iyya al-maghribiyya li-al-baḥt wa-al-tabādul al-taqāfī (The Moroccan Association for research and Cultural Exchange) in Morocco, these associations protested the status quo and set out to seek ways to recenter their cause as a societal and democratic issue. (africasacountry.com)
  • The editors of the magazine-a group of outstanding young writers, including Laâbi, Mostafa Nissaboury and Mohamed Khair-Eddine, decided to self-publish a literary magazine in 1966, ten years after Moroccan independence. (bauhaus-imaginista.org)
  • Though the Algerian-Moroccan border has been closed since 1994, Oujda has become a main entry and expulsion point for clandestine immigrants to Morocco. (merip.org)
  • Egypt has repeatedly reiterated its support for Morocco's territorial integrity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a quiet voice she explains that she, her parents and her six brothers were once part of an affluent community that, for generations, had enjoyed an elegant lifestyle that she describes in her book, The Golden Era of the Jews of Egypt, published in cooperation with the University of Haifa. (hudson.org)
  • The government refers to Jewish emigres from Middle Eastern countries as "refugees", but whether these Jews emigrated for economic or ideological reasons, or were pushed out of their home countries by anti-Semitic and political persecution, is a matter of debate. (jpost.com)
  • and Hebrews, referring to Jews. (blogspot.com)
  • The Jews did, declaring independence in May 1948 upon the end of the British mandate. (blogspot.com)
  • When I mentioned the plight of the 900,000 Jewish refugees expelled from Arab and Muslim countries after Israel's independence, another panelist, Al-Quds University law professor Anwar Abu Eisheh, came up with an interesting answer. (rslissak.com)
  • He became ruler of Egypt in 1971 B.C. and ruled until 1928 B.C. (africaresource.com)
  • The situation escalated when the Pakistani army launched Operation Searchlight in March 1971, aimed at suppressing the Bengali independence movement. (toptenz.net)
  • The monarchy and its political allies, often referred to as the makhzen (literally storage or granary), has positioned itself as a provider of food security: its political strength laid in storing cereals to face regular shortages caused by droughts or locusts. (axa-research.org)
  • Understanding Islamic political parties Footnote 1 becomes an urgent concern following the Arab Spring, as the anti-authoritarian protests resulted in the rise of Islamists at the ballot box in 2011 in lots of countries in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco. (springer.com)
  • The other theory is that it was the Persians who brought a red tasselled cap to Tunisia and Morocco when they came along with the Arabs in the late 600s AD. (thezay.org)
  • In North Africa, from Egypt to Morocco, rites and ceremonies and the ordinary laws of the Shariat and poor relief were strictly observed and yet year by year throughout the 19th/20th centuries, independence was removed and Europe conquered in one form or other, Morocco being the last which was lost in our time for the same faults. (irfi.org)
  • First, there is the habit of referring to much of North and East Central Africa, (all the way from Morocco on the far north west coast of the continent, to Sudan and Somalia on the east of the continent down as far as the equator), as pan of "the Middle East. (wluml.org)
  • The Arab-nationalist and Islamo-centric regimes that took power in North Africa after independence aligned themselves with the Arab League. (africasacountry.com)
  • Eventually North Africa from Egypt to Morocco would be liberated as the next phase of WWII would begin! (richardjgarfunkel.com)
  • This process occurred in Chile (1990), Guatemala (1994), South Africa (1994), Poland (1997), Sierra Leone (1999), East Timor (2001) and Morocco (2004). (newarab.com)
  • Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • in 711 AD, the "Moors" (also called "Berbers" at tht point), who are the original people of West Africa deciding to expand their Moorish Empire went from Africa into Europe, from Morocco into Spain, and conquered most of Spain except for the very North. (moorsinamerica.com)
  • strongholds of sovereignty") [3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco in Africa , or that are closer to Africa than Europe . (wikipedia.org)
  • Transmission of H5N1 from infected birds to humans has been confirmed in Iraq, Egypt, Djibouti and Pakistan. (who.int)
  • In 1912 the French established a protectorate largely based on the myth of Morocco as the former "Granary of Rome" , and attempted to produce wheat for export to France. (axa-research.org)
  • Miloud worked as a day laborer for a construction company called AFCA that was French-owned, as Morocco was still a French protectorate. (familybusinesshistories.org)
  • The Treaty of Fez (signed on 30 March 1912) made most of Morocco a protectorate of France, while Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern part, called Spanish Morocco . (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 1960s, under the reign of the country's new king, Hassan II, "Moroccanization" policies were introduced, nominally aimed at breaking the domination of foreign capital and achieving national economic independence. (familybusinesshistories.org)
  • Some Jewish refugees refer to the shattering events as their Nakba, borrowing the oft-repeated Arabic word for "catastrophe. (hudson.org)
  • The Israelites returned from Egypt in approximately 1200 BC, and there has been a continual Jewish presence there ever since, despite repeated invasions by, well, everyone-the Assyrians, the Greeks, the Persians, the Romans, the Crusaders-pretty much every nation with imperialistic ambitions passed through. (blogspot.com)
  • Jewish immigrants from Egypt, Morocco, Gibraltar, and Germany as well as Israelis in smaller numbers are dispersed among various communities. (jcpa.org)
  • Sir Girja drew my attention to an article in the New York Times 20 reporting resolutions passed by the Federation of Industries in India which had insisted that India must preserve its fiscal independence and not make commitments in return for lend-lease aid which would embarrass its future development. (state.gov)
  • Others, particularly those who once lived in Egypt, call it the "second exodus," relating their experiences to the biblical Israelites' miraculous flight from Egypt. (hudson.org)
  • According to the Israelites article in Wikipedia, Israel was first noted in the Egyptian historical record in about 1200 BCE, which is when they arrived from Egypt. (blogspot.com)
  • Most of these refugees, now in their sunset years, feel blessed to have escaped Egypt and grateful to have made their way to Israel with little more than the shirt on their back and - if they were fortunate - one suitcase. (hudson.org)
  • 13. He was the second ruler of the 12th Dynasty, he ruled for 34 years, and built 13 fortresses from Egypt to the Second Cataract. (africaresource.com)
  • Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty (i.e., not having dependence on any higher ruler) without claiming the overall caliphate , or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term is distinct from king ( ملك malik ), though both refer to a sovereign ruler. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morocco and Egypt are both signers of the Agadir Agreement for the Establishment of a Free Trade Zone between the Arabic Mediterranean Nations, signed in Rabat, Morocco on 25 February 2004. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morocco, along with other Mediterranean countries outside the EU, became a passageway for global transmigration. (merip.org)
  • So ran the September 12, 2005 headline of al-Shamal , an Arabic-language Tangier newspaper, describing the forays of masses of in-transit sub-Saharan Africans trying to scale the security fences separating Morocco from the Spanish-ruled enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. (merip.org)
  • Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called "major places of sovereignty", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla , and the "minor places of sovereignty", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, following the independence of Portugal after the end of the Spanish-led Iberian Union , Ceuta was ceded by Portugal to Spain in 1668. (wikipedia.org)
  • Egyptian security forces, in uniform and in civilian clothes, as well as public prosecutors, are reported to have stormed the offices of six NGOs this Thursday 29 December 2011: the Arab Center for Independence of Justice and Legal Professions (ACIJP) the Budgetary and Human Rights Observatory, Future Centre for Judicial Studies, the Cairo and Assuit offices of the National Democratic Institute (NDI), the International Republic Institute (IRI), and Freedom House. (hrw.org)
  • NEPAL, ZIMBABWE, MOROCCO and others expressed hope that future GEF funding would be instrumental in implementing NAPs. (iisd.org)
  • As in neighbouring countries, bread has been central to political stability in Morocco for centuries . (axa-research.org)
  • These attacks constitute a severe violation of the right to Freedom of Association, as provided in Article 22 of the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and fall within the general policies of the government of Egypt and the SCAF to undermine public freedoms in the Country. (hrw.org)
  • During the past 10 months of military rule, the SCAF has been accused of conducting activities hostile to human rights and fundamental freedoms: the SCAF has been accused of using life ammunition against peaceful protestors, torturing political detainees, and referring more than 12000 civilians to military trials. (hrw.org)
  • In other words, the NAM can be seen as an early example of globalization, i.e. a strategic structuring on global scale in form of a confederation for the purpose to internationalize a political Cause, which is the Cause of independence from colonialism, and from any other principle of hegemonic powers. (dutchartinstitute.eu)
  • In contrast, Eurabia - which asserts that the Islamicization of Europe didn't happen merely by accident but with the active participation of European political leaders - is hardly ever referred to at all, despite the fact that it is easier to document. (blogspot.com)
  • The anti-colonial struggle was successful in achieving political independence for Morocco, but ten years later young intellectuals confronted a situation where the colonial attitudes, as well as the socio-political structures of colonial governance, remained in place. (bauhaus-imaginista.org)
  • The struggle for Indonesian independence involved both sporadic armed clashes and internal diplomatic tussles. (toptenz.net)
  • However, many countries lack crucial characteristics of the rule of law, such as democratically elected lawmakers, constitutional protection, or judicial independence to claim legitimacy. (expressvpn.com)
  • Other countries such as Egypt have moved away, towards a military government despite all the calls for transitional justice as a positive move forward for the country. (newarab.com)
  • Thanks to that and pressure from other countries, British and French forces left by December, and Israel gave up control of the canal to Egypt by March 1957. (toptenz.net)
  • Several Arab countries however continued to wear the tarbush and it quickly became a sign of independence and national pride. (thezay.org)
  • The NDI, IRI, and Freedom House have previously been investigated by the ministry of justice on charges of receiving foreign funding, while the Arab Center for the Independence of Justice and Legal Professions has not yet been investigated. (hrw.org)
  • But the accurate meaning of the concept refers to achieving justice during a transitional period experienced by a state. (newarab.com)
  • This famously caused a diplomatic crisis in 1932 when Kemal Ataturk demanded that the Egyptian ambassador not wear a tarbush to a banquet on the anniversary of the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, causing Egypt to withdraw the ambassador and sever the relationship. (thezay.org)
  • Morocco-Egypt relations refers to the bilateral relations between the kingdom of Morocco and the Arab Republic of Egypt. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bayoumi also stressed the need for Morocco and Egypt to consolidate trade relations among Arab states. (wikipedia.org)
  • That was, of course, the day when Israel proclaimed its independence and declared itself a nation, on its own land as bestowed by the UN partition. (hudson.org)
  • The Palestinians mistakenly interpret UN General Assembly Resolution 194 as granting them a "right of return" to Israel, and Abbas explicitly referred to that resolution. (rslissak.com)
  • These attacks are taking place in the context of the larger campaign lead by the Supreme Council for Armed Forces (SCAF) and the Egyptian government starting in June 2011 against civil society organizations, and more specifically human rights groups, in Egypt. (hrw.org)
  • We call on the SCAF and the Egyptian government to immediately halt its attacks on the above-mentioned NGOs and to refrain from attacking additional NGOs in Egypt. (hrw.org)
  • Even in the Ayeh of Noor, divine is referred to as the natural phenomenon of light and even references are made to the fruit of the earth. (irfi.org)
  • Each member of this Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7. (wipo.int)
  • Morocco is a country with linguistic diversity where, in addition to Arabic and Amazigh as vernacular languages, French, English, or Spanish are languages of common use. (iemed.org)
  • When Muhammad Ali Pasha mandated the tarbush as part of the military uniform in Egypt in the 1800s, he also brought its production to the country. (thezay.org)
  • Egypt has been the most affected country in the EMR where the disease has remained endemic, with frequent epizootic and 167 human cases that include 60 deaths. (who.int)
  • The undersigned organizations are deeply concerned about reports of attacks against NGOs in Egypt. (hrw.org)
  • Although Morocco has seen protests , including the "20 February Movement", which started in Rabat on February 20, 2011, with demands that King Mohamed VI relinquish some of his powers. (axa-research.org)
  • We strongly condemn the ongoing crackdown on NGOs in Egypt and view it as a way in which these organizations might face trumped-up charges linked with criminal offenses, in an attempt to provide a scapegoat to provide impunity for the SCAF and Egyptian authorities and to silence voices critical of ongoing human rights violations. (hrw.org)
  • The term, "Palestine," according to Britannica.com, derives from Philistia, a term used by the Greeks to refer to the land of the Philistines, who in the 12th Century BCE lived in an area between modern Tel Aviv and Gaza. (blogspot.com)
  • Deep packet inspection (DPI) refers to the process of analyzing every single piece of data going in and out of a restricted network. (expressvpn.com)
  • 3. Sen-Wos- Ret I began a series of victorious military expeditions against the Asiatics, Libyans, and various nomads ( Bedouins ) who threatened the people of Egypt. (africaresource.com)
  • All these events triggered responses from international factions, with the Soviet Union openly supporting Egypt and threatening nuclear retaliation against any military action on Egyptian soil. (toptenz.net)
  • Souffles provides crucial insights into the struggles of post-independence intellectuals to create a post-colonial aesthetic beyond existing European art education models and colonial knowledge production. (bauhaus-imaginista.org)
  • Joseph Abdel Wahed and Levana Zamir, also from Egypt, now live at opposite ends of the world. (hudson.org)
  • Sri Lanka On Track To Announce Its Financial Independence To The World. (menafn.com)
  • In addition to those referred above, Complainant2 produced a list of similar trademarks registered since 2004 in Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Malta. (wipo.int)
  • It marked the end of Dutch colonial rule in the East Indies, beginning with Indonesia's declaration of independence after the Japanese withdrawal in 1945. (toptenz.net)
  • The Siwa Oasis is an oasis in Egypt, located between the Qattara Depression and the Egyptian Sand Sea in the Libyan Desert, nearly 50 km east of the Libyan border, and 560 km from Cairo. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • It did not refer so much to the composer as to the king from the House of Savoy, Vittorio Emanuele Rex (d') Italia (Victor Emanuel, King of Italy). (jcpa.org)
  • American forces in the Philippines, which were holding out at Bataan and Corregidor collapsed, Tobruk in Tripoli capitulated to the Afrika Korps under Rommel, and British positions in Egypt were threatened as General Claude Auchinleck, who replaced General Archibald Wavel was removed by Churchill. (richardjgarfunkel.com)
  • But a few days into June, the US Navy achieved one the greatest naval victories in history at Midway, the Russians halted the Germans at Stalingrad, and eventually destroyed the Wehrmacht's 6th Army, and in Egypt, Churchill's newest commander of the British 8th Army, General Bernard Law Montgomery, turned the tide at El Alamein. (richardjgarfunkel.com)