Effector b lymphocytes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Effector lymphocytes function to eliminate the antigen, either by releasing antibodies (in the case of B cells), cytotoxic granules (cytotoxic T cells) or by signaling to other cells of the immune system (helper T cells). (wikipedia.org)
We also demonstrate that blockade of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) during vaccination enhances the frequency of NY-ESO-1-specific effector CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and promotes lymphocyte migration to the tumor infiltrate. (ox.ac.uk)
The cellular response is mainly a lymphocyte-mediated reaction, whereas the humoral response includes production of antibodies against the antigen by the plasma cells. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
This decrease in the number of CD3 positive T cells results from the specific interaction between ORTHOCLONE OKT3 and the CD3 antigen on the surface of all T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
This reappearance of CD3 positive cells has been attributed to the development of neutralizing antibodies to ORTHOCLONE OKT3, which in turn block its ability to bind to the CD3 antigen on T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), a molecule expressed predominantly on activated T cells, plays an important role in the down-regulation of T-cell activation. (researchgate.net)
Genes involved in antigen processing/presentation, lymphocyte activation/regulation, cytokine-receptor signaling and humoral immunity were differentially regulated in TDI rhinitis. (cdc.gov)
Immune effector sites may be thought of as the battlegrounds where terminally differentiated T cells perform effector function, neutralizing antigen and protecting the host against invading pathogens. (prn.org)
The antibody is produced by a white blood cell called a B lymphocyte , based on the foreign antigen. (sciforums.com)
When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by antigen (with the aid of a helper T cell), it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell. (sciforums.com)
The CD28 antigen, a disulfide-linked homodimeric glycoprotein, Mr 44 kilodaltons (kd), is a cell-adhesion molecule (CAM) and functions as the ligand for CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) antigens, which are present on activated B lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Monoclonal antibodies identifying a novel T-cell antigen and Ia antigens of human lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)

2001. A rapid method to identify cytotoxic T-lymphocyte peptide epitopes from HLA-A2(+) donors. (stjohns.edu)
FURIN regulates cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector function and memory cell transition in mice. (nih.gov)

The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in thymocyte development and T cell migration, but little is known about its role in naive-to-effector differentiation in human peripheral T cells. (nih.gov)
Collectively, our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a negative regulator of naive-to-effector T cell differentiation in human T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
We suggest that this difference may result from terminal effector CTL differentiation in the T cell lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
The differentiation of lymphocytes follows various pathways in a hierarchical fashion as well as in a more plastic fashion. (wikipedia.org)
Our studies of parasitic infections have provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying CD4+ T cell polarization and how microbial components condition dendritic cells to promote differentiation of specific type of Th effectors. (nih.gov)
Engagement of these receptors is typically associated with proliferation, elevated effector functions, resistance to apoptosis, and differentiation into memory cells. (cun.es)

We show that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling arrests human peripheral blood and cord blood T lymphocytes in the naive stage and blocks their transition into functional T effector cells. (nih.gov)
Wnt signaling was induced in polyclonally activated human T cells by treatment either with the glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor TWS119 or the physiological Wnt agonist Wnt-3a, and these T cells preserved a naive CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) phenotype compared with control-activated T cells that progressed to a CD45RO(+)CD62L(-) effector phenotype, and this occurred in a TWS119 dose-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
Effector T cells have the capability of recognizing and killing cancer cells. (nih.gov)
However, whether tumors can become immune resistant through exclusion of effector T cells from the tumor microenvironment is not known. (nih.gov)
Flow cytometric assays combined with intra-vital imaging indicated failed trafficking of effector T cells into tumors. (nih.gov)
Lymphocytes include T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic adaptive immunity), B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity), and Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) ("innate T cell-like" cells involved in mucosal immunity and homeostasis), of which natural killer cells are an important subtype (which functions in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity). (wikipedia.org)
Lymphocytes make up between 18% and 42% of circulating white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
The three major types of lymphocyte are T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. (wikipedia.org)
They are named "natural killer cells" because they do not require prior activation in order to kill cells which are missing MHC class I. The X lymphocyte is a reported cell type expressing both a B-cell receptor and T-cell receptor and is hypothesized to be implicated in type 1 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
Following maturation, the lymphocytes enter the circulation and peripheral lymphoid organs (e.g. the spleen and lymph nodes) where they survey for invading pathogens and/or tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
(D) In vitro cytotoxicity of a target cell line T2 pulsed with M1 peptide by the in vitro expanded human M1-specific CTL (effector cells). (medscape.com)
The x-axis represents an increasing ratio of effector cells (M1-specific CD8 + lymphocytes) to the target cells (M1-pulsed T2 cells) from 2.5:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1 and 40:1. (medscape.com)
Increasing target cell lysis (y-axis) is seen with increasing ratio of effector to target cells (x-axis). (medscape.com)
The negative control in the assay is highlighted by the lack of lysis of target cells when effector cells are exposed to T2 cells not pulsed with M1 (solid squares) or T2 cells pulsed with control peptide (solid circles). (medscape.com)
The maintenance of T cell memory is critical for the development of rapid recall responses to pathogens, but may also have the undesired side effect of clonal expansion of T effector memory (T EM ) cells in chronic autoimmune diseases. (johnshopkins.edu)
Moreover, our work on the analysis of Th subsets during parasitic infection has led to the discovery that effector cells can themselves be induced to display immuno-regulatory activity. (nih.gov)
Our research group previously reported the combination of gemcitabine and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to be more effective than single-agent treatment for the elimination of CCA cells. (nature.com)
However, gemcitabine treatment of CCA cells upregulates the expression of an immune checkpoint protein (programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) that consequently inhibits the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. (nature.com)
To overcome this challenge and take advantage of PD-L1 upregulation upon gemcitabine treatment, we generated recombinant PD-L1xCD3 bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) to simultaneously block PD-1/PD-L1 signaling and recruit T lymphocytes to eliminate CCA cells. (nature.com)
Two recombinant PD-L1xCD3 BiTEs (mBiTE and sBiTE contain anti-PD-L1 scFv region from atezolizumab and from a published sequence, respectively) were able to specifically bind to both CD3 on T lymphocytes, and to PD-L1 overexpressed after gemcitabine treatment on CCA (KKU213A, KKU055, and KKU100) cells. (nature.com)
mBiTE and sBiTE significantly enhanced T lymphocyte cytotoxicity against CCA cells, especially after gemcitabine treatment, and their magnitudes of cytotoxicity were positively associated with the levels of PD-L1 expression. (nature.com)
The mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity are not completely understood but likely include both T-cell immunity, in particular CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) ( 16 , 17 ) and CD4+ T cells (13) , as well as antibodies to conserved epitopes (18) . (cdc.gov)
CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for eliminating virally infected cells, and defects in CTL responses are implicated in lymphoproliferative diseases. (nih.gov)
In in vitro cytolytic assays, ORTHOCLONE OKT3 blocks both the generation and function of effector cells. (nih.gov)
Binding of ORTHOCLONE OKT3 to T lymphocytes results in early activation of T cells, which leads to cytokine release, followed by blocking T cell functions. (nih.gov)
Lymphocytes are the body's second line of defence and T cells are actively recruited to sites of inflammation where they maintain and activate fibroblasts or bystander dendritic cells and macrophages, transforming them into tissue-destructive effector cells [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulatory T cells function by a cell-cell contact dependent suppression of other T lymphocyte's proliferation and effector mechanisms. (nih.gov)
All T lymphocytes, regulatory and effector, rely on cell-cell junctions for recognition of self and foreign peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins that call T cells to action. (nih.gov)
In effector T cells the mechanoregulatory enzyme PKC-q is polarized toward the immunological synapse, whereas in regulatory T cells the enzyme is excluded from the immunological synapse and is concentrated in the pole of the cell farthest from the synapse- the distal pole. (nih.gov)
While inhibition of PKC-q in effector T cells blocks proliferation and cytokine production, inhibition of PKC-q in regulatory T cells increases their suppressive activity. (nih.gov)
[11] This cytokine can be produced locally by intestinal epithelial and epithelial goblet cells , and may serve as a regulatory factor for intestinal mucosal lymphocytes. (wikidoc.org)
It is estimated that T cells associated with the small intestinal epithelium alone may account for more than 60% of the total body lymphocytes. (prn.org)
Homing" signals are imparted to T cells, likely within the immune inductive sites, following which, T cells egress into systemic circulation and return to the effector compartment of the GI tract to discharge their effector function. (prn.org)
3 These are classified as immune inductive sites, considered as sites of T cell education, and immune effector sites, where T cells neutralize foreign antigens-both microbial and nonmicrobial. (prn.org)
As detailed below, LPLs have a unique phenotype-these cells are terminally differentiated effector T cells that have pathways of stimulation that are different from peripheral blood T cells. (prn.org)
Fibroblasts are key effector cells in inciting inflammation, wound healing, and scarring. (nih.gov)
CD40, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, mediates intercellular communication between fibroblasts and cells that express CD154 (CD40L), including T lymphocytes and platelets. (nih.gov)
Perforin is a 70 kD cytolytic protein that is expressed in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biolegend.com)
Perforin is one of the major effector molecules used by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells to mediate targeted cell lysis. (biolegend.com)
Effector B cells can begin secreting antibody while they are still small lymphocytes, but the end stage of their maturation pathway is a large plasma cell … which continuously secretes antibodies at the astonishing rate of about 2000 molecules per second. (sciforums.com)
Nonantigen specific CD8+ T suppressor lymphocytes originate from CD8+CD28- T cells and inhibit both T-cell proliferation and CTL function. (bdbiosciences.com)
During remission, continued MLT administration delayed recovery, increased TNF, memory effector lymphocytes and diminished spleen regulatory cells. (foundmyfitness.com)
Lymphocyte recruitment is a critical step in the immune response, enabling immune cells to reach sites of infection or inflammation and initiate an appropriate immune reaction. (alliedacademies.org)
For instance, Tregs have been shown to influence the recruitment of effector T cells, regulatory B cells, and natural killer cells, contributing to the fine-tuning of immune responses and the maintenance of immune homeostasis [ 3 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
The intricate relationship between regulatory T cells and lymphocyte recruitment, highlighting the diverse mechanisms by which Tregs influence immune cell trafficking. (alliedacademies.org)

We have also examined the proliferation of CD4 + T lymphocytes in response to plate-bound anti-CD3 antibody and assessed inhibitory effects in this system of natural Treg lymphocytes from young and elderly patients, as well as from young normal donors on proliferation of these CD4 lymphocytes (Figure 3). (medscape.com)
Effects on proliferation, viability and activity of mitogen-activated human lymphocytes were assessed in comparison to cyclosporine A using annexin V/propidium iodide staining assays and flow cytometry-based surface receptor characterization, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Because we were interested in exploring the "active principle", we phytochemically characterized a standardized, commercially available extract of Equisetum arvense and defined its immunosuppressive capacity on cell proliferation, activation status and effector functions using mitogen-activated human lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
We then examined the functional relevance of the polymorphisms using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay, and cytotoxic assay. (researchgate.net)

Furthermore, treatment with Equisetum arvense inhibited effector functions, as indicated by reduced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. (biomedcentral.com)

Altogether, these results show that mTRAIL level regulates the response of T4EM lymphocytes to ionizing radiation and suggest that TRAIL/TNFSF10 genetic variants hold promise as markers of individual radiosensitivity. (oncotarget.com)
IL-7 assists in the development of lymphocytes and regulates peripheral T-cell populations [ 2 ]. (jcancer.org)

The overall objective of our work is to better understand the immunology of host-pathogen interaction and basic aspects of CD4+ T cell effector and regulatory function. (nih.gov)

The observation that the immune system is able to "tailor" host-protective responses to a specific type of parasite (e.g. protozoan vs. heminth) played a major role in the discovery of the functional diversity of CD+ T helper (Th) lymphocyte effector subsets defined by specific cytokine secretion profiles. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that Tregs possess the capacity to modulate the trafficking of specific lymphocyte subsets. (alliedacademies.org)

however, defining their key effector functions in specific autoimmune diseases remains challenging. (nature.com)
While the Fab (variable) region of antibodies determines their specificity, the glycosylation at the Fc (constant) region modulates their effector functions. (neb.com)
Galectins (galactose-binding lectins) are intimately associated with pathogen recognition, inflammation, effector functions and cancer progression. (neb.com)

The last histogram depicts the effects of autologous Tregs on expansion of CD4 + lymphocytes stimulated by plate-bound anti-CD3 + antibody. (medscape.com)
While the suppressive role of Tregs in controlling immune responses has been extensively studied, recent research has shed light on their ability to influence lymphocyte recruitment to various tissues. (alliedacademies.org)
Understanding how Tregs regulate lymphocyte recruitment can provide valuable insights into the modulation of immune responses and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated disorders. (alliedacademies.org)
The interplay between Tregs and lymphocyte recruitment is multifaceted and context-dependent. (alliedacademies.org)
Conversely, Tregs can also facilitate lymphocyte recruitment under certain conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
Understanding the precise mechanisms by which Tregs regulate lymphocyte recruitment remains an active area of research. (alliedacademies.org)

20. Chronic myeloid leukemia patients in prolonged remission following interferon-α monotherapy have distinct cytokine and oligoclonal lymphocyte profile. (nih.gov)
Intracellular levels of effector molecules (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were analyzed with cytokine assays. (biomedcentral.com)

These studies have demonstrated activation and expansion, as well as functional activity, of effector lymphocytes when presented with melanoma-specific antigens by mDC APCs, from both young and elderly patients. (medscape.com)
1982. Ph.D. Thesis: Pretreatment of mice in vivo with Mls-disparate minor histocompatibility antigens prevents the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (stjohns.edu)

citation needed] Microscopically, in a Wright's stained peripheral blood smear, a normal lymphocyte has a large, dark-staining nucleus with little to no eosinophilic cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
More than 80% of IELs are CD8 + and a substantial proportion of IELs express the CD8 αα homodimer in contrast to the CD8 αβ heterodimer expressed on a majority of peripheral blood CD8 + lymphocytes. (prn.org)

4 ]. A relationship between activated or lymphocytes and enzyme-linked immuno- memory-effector lymphocyte populations sorbent assay (ELISA) for CD117. (who.int)

The results of this assay suggest that marked inhibitory effects of natural Treg lymphocytes are seen in younger patients' CD4 + T lymphocytes compared with those of elderly patients. (medscape.com)

Our early laboratory studies of the aging immune system are based on our human anti-melanoma in vitro model examining both effector T lymphocytes and their regulation. (medscape.com)

4,5 In contrast, LPLs secrete large amounts of effector cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 4,6 , and have a unique requirement for CD2-dependent pathways of activation 7 . (prn.org)

Our data indicate that lack of CD103 + DCs within the tumor microenvironment dominantly resists the effector phase of an anti-tumor T cell response, contributing to immune escape. (nih.gov)
Here, we report that prophylactic vaccination with a highly attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi strain expressing NY-ESO-1 (CL-14-NY-ESO-1) induces both effector memory and effector CD8(+) T lymphocytes that efficiently prevent tumor development. (ox.ac.uk)

Characterization of migration inhibition factor producing lymphocytes and genetic requirements for activation. (stjohns.edu)
This effect was mediated through inhibition of lymphocyte activation, specifically by diminishing CD69 and IL-2 surface receptor expression and intracellular IL-2 production. (biomedcentral.com)

In (A), nine experiments were performed with activated and naive CD8 + T lymphocytes, in (B) four experiments were performed with naïve CD8 + T lymphocytes (1 μM dopamine). (biomedcentral.com)

Our ability to engineer T lymphocytes with an avid anti-melanoma T-cell receptor has also helped us to distinguish T-cell defects inherent to the cell membrane, T-cell receptor or intracellular signaling pathways [C HAKRABORTY NG, H EGDE UP, M UKHERJI BJ, U NPUBLISHED D ATA ]. (medscape.com)

Within this complex system, a delicate balance exists between effector immune responses that eliminate foreign invaders and regulatory mechanisms that prevent excessive immune activation and tissue damage. (alliedacademies.org)

TWS119-induced Wnt signaling reduced T cell expansion, as a result of a block in cell division, and impaired acquisition of T cell effector function, measured by degranulation and IFN-γ production in response to T cell activation. (nih.gov)
Our previous work demonstrated a role of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 in effector T cell function in autoimmune disease. (johnshopkins.edu)

Psoriatic plaques are characterized by infiltration with CD4+ CD45RO+ and CD8+ CD45RO+ memory effector T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
The recombinant protein alefacept binds to CD2 on memory effector T lymphocytes, inhibiting their activation. (nih.gov)
Sensitivity of T4 effector-memory (T4EM) lymphocytes to radiation-induced apoptosis shows heritability compatible with a Mendelian mode of transmission. (oncotarget.com)
High frequency of memory and effector gag specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HIV seropositive individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
they form effector and memory lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is an inflammatory reaction mediated by CCR7- effector memory T (TEM) lymphocytes. (jove.com)

CD28- T lymphocytes: antigenic and functional properties. (bdbiosciences.com)

Using gene expression studies and flow cytometry, we show a higher TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand ( TRAIL/TNFSF10 )mRNA level and a higher level of membrane bound TRAIL (mTRAIL) on radiosensitive compared to radioresistant T4EM lymphocytes. (oncotarget.com)
Numerous studies indicated a correlation between cellular- and clinical radiosensitivity as exemplified by the association between low CD8 + -lymphocyte apoptosis and radiation induced late toxicity [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)

All lymphocytes originate, during this process, from a common lymphoid progenitor before differentiating into their distinct lymphocyte types. (wikipedia.org)

1988. Cytokines involved in the generation of cytolytic effector T lymphocytes. (stjohns.edu)

A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
They are the main type of cell found in lymph, which prompted the name "lymphocyte" (with cyte meaning cell). (wikipedia.org)
The earliest cell in B-lymphocyte lineage that produces Ig is the pre-B lymphocyte. (medscape.com)
Antibodies can be found on the surface of lymphocytes as an integral part of the cell membrane protein or can be freely circulating in the blood or be part of one of the body's gland secretion. (medscape.com)
In addition, there is loss of the granular cell layer, increased layers of epidermal keratinocytes, and an influx of lymphocytes, DCs, and macrophages into the dermis, accompanied by the presence of dilated and tortuous blood vessels. (jci.org)
Cell-surface glycans determine lymphocyte migration to injury sites. (neb.com)
Effector cell recruitment correlated with expression of chemokines directed towards eosinophils in TDI rhinitis and neutrophils in LPS rhinitis. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel anti-tumour agents that can effectively promote effector T-cell infiltration in tumours. (ecancer.org)

The power of the adaptive immune system is checked by regulatory T lymphocytes to prevent autoimmunity and immunopathology. (nih.gov)

CD28 interaction with B7 costimulates primary allogeneic proliferative responses and cytotoxicity mediated by small, resting T lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)

9. Signaling in Effector Lymphocytes: Insights toward Safer Immunotherapy. (nih.gov)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been detected in most patients following infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Decay kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus-specific effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes after combination antiretroviral therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
Little is known of the changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) after potent antiretroviral therapy. (ox.ac.uk)

Functionally, we show that mTRAIL mediates a pro-apoptotic autocrine signaling after irradiation of T4EM lymphocytes linking mTRAIL expression to T4EM radiosensitivity. (oncotarget.com)

Using single marker and multimarker Family-Based Association Testing, we identified 3 SNPs in the TRAIL gene that are significantly associated with T4EM lymphocytes radiosensitivity. (oncotarget.com)
CD44 percentage values in peripheral T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients than controls, as detected by flow cytometry. (who.int)

Their work focused on how blocking Arf1 promoted the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into tumours by affecting lipid metabolism. (ecancer.org)

As a prevalent T lymphocyte-mediated disorder, psoriasis, as well as the side effects associated with its treatment, affects patients globally. (jci.org)

Generally these are secondary, tertiary and other subsequent immune responses to the same ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunological_memory#:~:text=Immunological%20memory%20is%20the%20ability,responses%20to%20the%20same%20antigen.ntigen. (sciforums.com)

The lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity (i.e. (wikipedia.org)

The first of the three histograms in each panel depicts CD4 + T lymphocytes stimulated by control antibody showing no expansion of T lymphocytes. (medscape.com)

However, to date, there are no studies on the impact of Equisetum arvense extracts on lymphocytes involved in inflammatory immune processes. (biomedcentral.com)

The formation of lymphocytes is known as lymphopoiesis. (wikipedia.org)

Therapy for cancer can be achieved by artificially stimulating antitumor T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes with agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAb). (cun.es)

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