DC-SIGN on macrophages recognises and binds with high affinity to high-mannose type N-glycans, a class of PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) commonly found on viruses, bacteria and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
It binds various microorganisms by recognizing high-mannose-containing glycoproteins on their surface, and can function as a co-receptor for several viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis C. Binding to DC-SIGN can promote HIV and Hepatitis C virus to infect target cells (T-cells and hepatocytes, respectively). (wikipedia.org)
Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. (mdpi.com)
We created lectin columns using high-mannose (HM)-type glycan-specific lectins OAA and KAA-1 or core fucose-specific lectin hypninA-2 and conducted binding experiments with SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
Algae-derived3
Griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin, is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to date. (mdpi.com)
We first investigated the interactions between several algae-derived lectins and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). (bvsalud.org)
This study demonstrated that several algae-derived lectins could neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and that lectin columns can effectively recover and concentrate the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Antiviral1
This review systematizes knowledge about the results of molecular modeling aimed at finding and explaining the mechanisms of antiviral activity of entry inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
Glycans1
The in vitro and clinical testing of these possibilities can be sharpened by the incorporation of an existing anti-COVID-19 therapeutic that has been found in silico to competitively bind to multiple glycans on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (bvsalud.org)
Receptor6
DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin receptor present on the surface of both macrophages and dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Different studies have demonstrated that the ebola virus infection process starts when the virus reaches the cellular DC-SIGN receptor to infect the dendritic cells (of the immune system). (wikipedia.org)
In 2015 European researchers designed a "giant" molecule formed by thirteen fullerenes covered by carbohydrates which, by blocking DC-SIGN receptor, are able to inhibit the cell infection by an artificial ebola virus model. (wikipedia.org)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
It is believed that the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 involves multiple factors, such as glycan attachment sites on the S protein, the size of lectins, and their propensity to aggregate, which cause inhibition of receptor binding or aggregation of virus particles. (bvsalud.org)
Viral1
A number of viral species, such as dengue, ebola and cytomegalovirus can infect endothelial cells (ECs) and cause endothelial dysfunction [ 5 ]. (nature.com)
Viruses1
3) certain enveloped viruses express hemagglutinin esterase (HE), an enzyme that releases these glycan-mediated bindings to host cells, which is expressed among betacoronaviruses in the common cold strains but not the virulent strains, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular1
The DEGs-set enrichment analysis significantly detected some crucial biological processes (immune response, regulation of angiogenesis, apoptotic process, cytokine production and programmed cell death, response to hypoxia and oxidative stress), molecular functions (transcription factor binding and oxidoreductase activity) and pathways (transcriptional mis-regulation in cancer, pathways in cancer, chemokine signaling pathway) that are associated with SARS-CoV-1 infections as well as SARS-CoV-2 infections by involving HubGs. (bvsalud.org)
Download1
1 sources that May find the download Ethics For of a Pathogen It is higher-order for Characteristics to lose the appointments own to their lines and to have Japanese readers to share those campaigns. (plywoodskyscraper.com)
Results1
The results showed that these lectins were capable of binding to the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Formation2
We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
We have found that phosphorylation of Rab10 blocks primary cilia formation in culture and in certain brain regions and we would like to understand how this leads to Parkinson's disease. (stanford.edu)
Specific1
Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. (mdpi.com)
Ligands1
Finding general lectins or ligands that block the viral-host receptors interaction or identifying individual glycotopes is the therapeutic and prognosis topic that demands the main focus. (bvsalud.org)
Affinity14
DC-SIGN on macrophages recognises and binds with high affinity to high-mannose type N-glycans, a class of PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) commonly found on viruses, bacteria and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
DC-SIGN is a C-type lectin and has a high affinity for the ICAM3 molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Among these, CV-N bound the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein at a dissociation constant (K D ) of 18.6 µM (and K D =260 µM to RBD), which was low-affinity carbohydrate-binding as compared with the recognition of the other viral spikes. (nih.gov)
Binding of dimannosylated peptide to homo-dimeric CVN2 and variants of CVN2 that were pairing Glu-Arg residues sterically located close to its high-affinity carbohydrate binding sites, was measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). (nih.gov)
Binding affinity increased with polar interactions, when the mutated residues were used to substitute a single, or two disulfide bonds, in CVN2. (nih.gov)
Our findings showed that stoichiometry and the lectin's binding affinity were revealed by an interaction of CVN2 with dimannose units and either the high- or low-affinity binding site. (nih.gov)
To understand how these binding mechanisms add to viral membrane fusion we compare our tested HA-derived peptides in affinity with SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein and review lectins and their mechanisms of binding to enveloped viruses for a potential use to simulate neutralization ability. (bvsalud.org)
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to measure hemagglutinin (HA) binding to domain-swapped Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) dimer and to monitor interactions between mannosylated peptides and CV-N's high-affinity binding site. (bvsalud.org)
Virus envelope spikes gp120, HA, and Ebola glycoprotein (GP) 1,2 have been reported to bind both high- and low-affinity binding sites on dimeric CVN2. (bvsalud.org)
Dimannosylated HA peptide is also bound at the two low-affinity binding sites to an engineered molecule of CVN2, which is bearing a high-affinity site for the respective ligand and mutated to replace a stabilizing disulfide bond in the carbohydrate-binding pocket, thus confirming multivalent binding. (bvsalud.org)
HA binding is shown to one high-affinity binding site of pseudo-antibody CVN2 at a dissociation constant (KD) of 275 nM that further neutralizes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through oligomerization. (bvsalud.org)
Correlating the number of disulfide bridges in domain-swapped CVN2, which are decreased from 4 to 2 by substituting cystines into polar residue pairs of glutamic acid and arginine, results in reduced binding affinity to HA. (bvsalud.org)
Among the strongest interactions, Ebola GP1,2 is bound by CVN2 with two high-affinity binding sites in the lower nanomolar range using the envelope glycan without a transmembrane domain. (bvsalud.org)
The highly pathogenic nature of these viruses and their genetic variants may depend on their binding affinity for host cell receptors, whereby they efficiently circumvent or block host cell immune responses triggered by cytokines (interferon). (bvsalud.org)
Glycoproteins1
A tandem-repeat of the engineered domain-swapped dimer bound specific sites at hemagglutinin (HA), Ebola and HIV spike glycoproteins as well as dimannosylated HA peptide, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and high-mannose containing oligosaccharides. (nih.gov)
Neutralize2
and 2) by causing the virus to bind to immune compounds known as complement, which "neutralize" the pathogen (5). (healthislife.org)
This study demonstrated that several algae-derived lectins could neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and that lectin columns can effectively recover and concentrate the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Interactions1
We first investigated the interactions between several algae-derived lectins and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). (bvsalud.org)
Influenza1
Site-specific N-linked glycans on spikes were mediating the infection with influenza virus by broadly neutralizing antibodies to HA and lectin binding to HA was further investigated via modes of saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR. (nih.gov)
Pathogen2
This naturally occurring plant protein has been found to function as an opsonin: with the ability to reverse the opposing electrical charge of a pathogen and, thus, allow it to be "brought" to an immune cell (3,4,5). (healthislife.org)
This gene encodes a C-type lectin that functions in cell adhesion and pathogen recognition. (nih.gov)
Effectively1
Strange information considering there are numerous published reports, in the medical literature, of Ebola being effectively "cured" in laboratory animals. (healthislife.org)
Infections1
In one study, published in 2011 in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, mice who had seven times the average human blood levels of mannose-binding lectin survived "fatal Ebola virus infections and became immune to virus rechallenge" (4). (healthislife.org)
Recognition1
DC-SIGN together with other C-type lectins is involved in recognition of tumors by dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors1
Among the animal C-lectins, a subfamily known as the ASGR (asialoglycoprotein receptors) group contains several sub-sub-families, many of which are important to innate immunity. (wikipedia.org)
Human immun1
Cyanovirin-N (CV-N), a lectin from Nostoc ellipsosporum was found an infusion inhibitory protein for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. (nih.gov)
Glycan1
We created lectin columns using high-mannose (HM)-type glycan-specific lectins OAA and KAA-1 or core fucose-specific lectin hypninA-2 and conducted binding experiments with SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
Virus4
Okay, now that I have captured your attention with this TRUE headline, I would like you to ponder a few things… Considering the fact that fruit bats are mammals, and thus capable of becoming infected with the deadly Zaire strain of Ebola virus, what is it about the lifestyles of these "flying foxes" that may predispose them to asymptomatic (no-symptom) infection? (healthislife.org)
Scientists have been studying the Ebola virus since its debut in 1976, but still readily admit they have yet to find a "cure. (healthislife.org)
Why is the Ebola virus spreading out of control in Africa? (healthislife.org)
The results showed that these lectins were capable of binding to the virus. (bvsalud.org)
Study1
Well, believe-it-or-not, based upon clinical research and a study of the lifestyle habits of African fruit bats, we can readily ascertain the reasons why Ebola infection may pose less threat to their physiologic function as well as learn how we also can win the fight against this dread illness… And the good news is: it's so simple even a bat can do it! (healthislife.org)