• Cardioviruses are single-stranded RNA, non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral or spherical geometries, and a T=pseudo3 icosahedral capsid protein geometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • The T=pseudo3 icosahedral capsid of Cadiovirus is made of 60 protomers, each of which contains 4 polypeptides: VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-enveloped, spherical, about 30 nm in diameter, pseudo T=3 icosahedral capsid surrounding the naked RNA genome. (expasy.org)
  • Pairwise sequence similarity of the ZM12/14 P1 region consisting of antigenic capsid proteins showed the highest similarity of nucleotide (80.7รข %) and amino acid (96.2%) sequence with EMCV serotype 1 (EMCV-1). (bvsalud.org)
  • These are Theiler's Murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (VHEV), a Theiler-like rat virus (TRV) (which has yet to be named) and Saffold virus (SAF-V). Of these 4, only VHEV and SAF-V are thought to cause infection in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other pathogenic cardioviruses isolated from humans include the Syr-Darya valley fever virus and Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phylogenetic tree showing partial viral protein 1 capsid sequences (588 nt) from the Saffold virus strains identified from 2 children from Denmark, 2009, and representative strains from other cardioviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZM12/14 clustered into EMCV-1 at the P1 and P3 regions but segregated from known EMCV strains at the P2 region, suggesting a unique evolutionary history. (bvsalud.org)
  • First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)
  • The first infection of cardiovirus in humans was identified in 2007 in a stool sample of an infant that was experiencing fever of unknown origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • As for humans, EMCV infection seems to occur by the contact with animals and can cause febrile illnesses in some infected patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cardiovirus B consists of four viruses that are most probably serologically distinct. (wikipedia.org)
  • The capsid consists of a densely-packed icosahedral arrangement of 60 protomers, each consisting of 4 polypeptides, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4. (expasy.org)
  • Two weeks after TMEV infection, 42% of the untreated TMEV-infected mice were affected by marked inflammation with neuronal loss, whereas 58% exhibited minor inflammation without neuronal loss. (bvsalud.org)
  • Irrespective of the presence of neuronal loss, untreated mice lacked TMEV antigen expression within the hippocampus at 14 days post-infection (dpi). (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, tamoxifen application during a TMEV infection is associated with transiently increased neuronal loss in the hippocampus, increased reactive astrogliosis and decreased neurogenesis in the DG. (bvsalud.org)
  • ThV is the only cardiovirus to produce two additional proteins from an ORF overlapping the L protein, in another frame. (expasy.org)
  • Inside the capsid of the virus there is a single linear, positive single-stranded RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] In the case of Cardiovirus A, the virus can cause encephalitis and myocarditis, mostly in rodents, which are natural hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the disease occurred endemically in pig farms since 1997, the recent increase of death experimented in Northern Italy prompted to furtherly investigate the evolution of the virus and the actual spread of the infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • citation needed] Human cardioviruses were first isolated in 1981. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phylogenetic tree showing partial viral protein 1 capsid sequences (588 nt) from the Saffold virus strains identified from 2 children from Denmark, 2009, and representative strains from other cardioviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • These are Theiler's Murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (VHEV), a Theiler-like rat virus (TRV) (which has yet to be named) and Saffold virus (SAF-V). Of these 4, only VHEV and SAF-V are thought to cause infection in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first human virus in the genus Cardiovirus was described in 2007 and named Saffold virus (SAFV). (nih.gov)
  • Recently, a human virus isolate obtained 25 years ago, termed Saffold virus, was sequenced and classified as a cardiovirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Recently, the genome of another cardiovirus, the Saffold virus, was characterized ( 16 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Saffold-like viruses may be the first human cardiovirus species to be identified. (cdc.gov)
  • citation needed] In the case of Cardiovirus A, the virus can cause encephalitis and myocarditis, mostly in rodents, which are natural hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both species show clinical association with encephalomyelitis in mice, and EMCV shows an additional association with myocarditis ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • EMCV is used in laboratory mice to model the symptoms and pathogenesis of human type I diabetes and viral myocarditis ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Viral protein 1 amino acids were 67.9%-77.7% identical and had a distance of at least 39.4% from known cardioviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Cardiovirus are a group of viruses within order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiovirus B consists of four viruses that are most probably serologically distinct. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardioviruses are single-stranded RNA, non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral or spherical geometries, and a T=pseudo3 icosahedral capsid protein geometry. (wikipedia.org)
  • In indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), these SVP mutants when used as antigens reduced the binding of cross-reactive IgG and total Ig induced by infection of ZIKV, JEV, and WNV in mice and enabled the sensitive detection of virus-specific antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings demonstrate that SAFV can cause serious invasive infection in children. (nih.gov)
  • Co-infections occurred in 4 of 6 children. (cdc.gov)
  • This study highlights the effectiveness of introducing mutations in the FL domain in MBFV SVPs with lineage I ISFV-derived amino acids to produce SVP antigens with low cross-reactivity and demonstrates an improvement in the accuracy of indirect ELISA-based serodiagnosis for MBFV infections. (bvsalud.org)