• Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages are mainly M2-type macrophages with tumor-promoting effects. (techscience.com)
  • by contributing to sustained chronic inflammation as a result of modulating the immune cells so that the tumor microenvironment is activated by invasion of immune suppressive regulatory T cells, and/or by mediating the release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells with no anti-tumor activity. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • The interplay between the gliomas, the tumor microenvironment and infiltrating immune cells can hold key information to how to utilize PD-L1/PD-1 directed immunotherapies to successfully treat GBM patients. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • This divergent effect might be dependent on the glioma subclass, expression levels of PD-L1 and PD-L1 regulatory molecules, but most importantly on the cell type that express PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Up-regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and T(regs) in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8(+) T cells. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • The consecutive stages of cancer growth and dissemination are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • Importantly, cell-associated and tumor microenvironment glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycan (PG) content and distribution are markedly altered during tumor pathogenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
  • It is now increasingly recognized that the microenvironment plays a critical role in the progression of tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • The consecutive steps of tumor growth, local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and invasion of anatomically distant sites are obligatorily perpetrated through specific interactions of the tumor cells with their microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell-associated and tumor microenvironment GAG content and distribution is markedly altered during tumor pathogenesis and progression [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies have focused on the genetic and epigenetic status of CAFs, since they are critical in tumor progression and differ phenotypically and functionally from normal fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Finally, CAFs promote cancer progression and act in cancer cell drug resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MiR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222), upregulated in gliomas, can regulate glioma cell cycle progression and apoptosis, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accumulation of driver and passenger mutations during tumor progression. (nature.com)
  • In addition, silvestrol blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G 2 -phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This editorial highlights the relevance of interfering in cancer cell progression through the pharmacological manipulation on the cell metabolism of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP, and on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which may avail the reduction of toxic effects promoted by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, thus decreasing the incidence of interruption in antitumoral treatment. (researchgate.net)
  • DBC1 functions as a coactivator for AR-V7 and is required for the expression of AR-V7 target genes including CDH2, a mesenchymal marker linked to CRPC progression. (cancerindex.org)
  • 2021. Reduced kinase D‑interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220) in pancreatic cancer promotes EGFR/ERK signalling and disease progression . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • INTRODUCTION: Patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC inevitably have disease progression while on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Midline2 (MID2) is an ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme linked to tumor progression and a novel interacting partner of breast cancer 1, early-onset (BRCA1). (engineering.org.cn)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Instead ErbB3 silencing or nucleolar stress reduce cell proliferation and affect cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) regulates stress responses, proliferation, and apoptosis in hematopoietic cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The purpose of the current study was to determine if inhibition of protein synthesis caused by silvestrol triggers autophagy and apoptosis in cultured human cancer cells derived from solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Silvestrol potently inhibits cell growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells through induction of early autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Silvestrol represents a natural product scaffold that exhibits potent cytotoxic activity and could be used for the further study of autophagy and its relationship to apoptosis in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
  • Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • These protein consist of growth government bodies and suppressors of cell apoptosis, nuclear localization of which can be needed for their correct function [4]. (cancerhugs.com)
  • These inhibitors are selectively inhibitors of nuclear move (SINE), and possess been demonstrated to end up being effective for dealing with specific types of malignancies, including pancreatic tumor, severe myeloid leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, causing in significant development apoptosis and inhibition of tumour cells with no serious toxicity [20]C[22]. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Biologically, activated AKT confers glioblastoma cells resistant to chemotherapy and radiation and promotes cancer cell survival, and in contrast, chemically synthetic compounds inhibiting AKT activation induce apoptosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell phone routine analyses suggest M-VCR-R is considered the most powerful mix in triggering reduction in G0/G1, G2/M arrest, overriding the spindle checkpoint resulting in elevated apoptosis currently-reliant manner (Figure 3B). (immune-source.com)
  • Recently, increasing evidences elucidated that miRNAs was involved in the cancer pathogenesis, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Also, in gastric cancer, miR-455 inhibited human cell proliferation and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, miR-455 inhibited cell viability, while it induced cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The tumor suppressor gene LKB1, also known as serine/threonine protein kinase 11 (STK11 ), encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that has multiple cellular functions, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and promotion of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells secrete factors that inhibit apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. (anl.gov)
  • Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
  • 10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)
  • The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)
  • Tumors acquire alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in an adaptive walk through the fitness landscape of tumorigenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • A useful analogy to consider when thinking about tumor suppressors and oncogenes is an automobile. (cancerquest.org)
  • In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • The proto-oncogenes that have been identified so far have many different functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in these and other oncogenes can disrupt cell growth control, ultimately leading to the uncontrolled growth of cancer. (medscape.com)
  • H- ras was one of the oncogenes that first caught the attention of molecular biologists interested in cell signaling, cell growth control, and cancer. (medscape.com)
  • For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
  • DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Durrett, R. Population genetics of neutral mutations in exponentially growing cancer cell populations. (nature.com)
  • These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
  • Discoveries have shown that melanoma frequently harbors mutations that attenuate tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and PTEN, leading to cell cycle dysregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in GIST and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
  • Alterations in TP53 and five additional TSGs (RB1, NF1, ARID1A, BRCA1, and PTEN) were used to stratify the cohort into the following three subgroups: patients with tumors harboring a TP53 mutation plus a mutation in at least one additional TSG (TP53mut/TSGmut), those having a TP53 mutation without additional TSG mutations (TP53mut/TSGwt), and those with TP53wt. (bvsalud.org)
  • KRAS mutations are an established predictor of lack of response to EGFR-targeted therapies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (oncotarget.com)
  • However, little is known about the role of the rarer NRAS mutations as a mechanism of primary resistance to the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab in wild-type KRAS mCRC. (oncotarget.com)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • USH2A gene mutations in rabbits lead to progressive retinal degeneration and hearing loss. (harvard.edu)
  • The tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell-survival signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PI3K-PTEN pathway promotes cell survival and proliferation, increases in cell size, and chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of tumor suppressor PTEN function increases B7-H1 expression and immunoresistance in glioma. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • IGFBP-3 also interacts with cell-surface proteins, affecting cell signaling from outside the cell or after internalization, and also enters the cell nucleus where it binds to nuclear hormone receptors and other ligands. (wikipedia.org)
  • By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Additionally, DBC1 knockdown eliminated the up-regulation of MMP7, EMT-related proteins, and cell cycle-related proteins as well as the enhanced proliferation and invasiveness induced by ZNF326. (cancerindex.org)
  • Tensin is a gene family with four members (tensin1, tensin2, tensin3, and cten), and their encoding proteins are localized to the cytoplasmic side of focal adhesions. (rupress.org)
  • In the meantime, the amounts of CRM1 proteins are raised in lung tumor tissue when likened to regular lung tissue. (cancerhugs.com)
  • In this review we focus on the MYC network (also known as the MAX-MLX Network), a highly conserved super-family of related basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLHZ) proteins that functions to integrate extracellular and intracellular signals and modulate global gene expression. (engineering.org.cn)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Palliative treatment contains chemo- and radiotherapy and even more lately, focusing on therapy, such as skin development element receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) gefitinib, erlotinib, and icotinib. (cancerhugs.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • To date, three Wnt signaling pathways have been characterized including the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP) and the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway [ 7 , 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Indeed, mounting evidence has shown that the poor prognosis of patients with glioblastoma and therapeutic failure are associated with a number of abnormally activated signaling pathways, among which phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling represents one of the most important regulatory pathways for the malignancy [ 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our discovery of a synthetic lethal interaction of cetuximab in combination with MEK1/2 inhibition for the NRAS mutant subgroup of mCRC underscores the importance of therapeutic intervention both in the MEK-ERK and EGFR pathways to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy against NRAS -mutant mCRC tumors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Thus, LKB1 regulates multiple biological pathways involved in cell growth and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nucleolar activity is also influenced by the interaction between pathways activated from extracellular signals in order to coordinate ribosome synthesis and cell proliferation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within tissues, IGFBP-3 can bind IGF-1 and IGF-2 released by many cell types, and block their access to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), which is activated by both IGFs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nakamura, 2001}, there is inactivation of one of the two genes of the Human activated receptor of androgens (HUMARA). (globale-dermatologie.com)
  • In the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a Wnt ligand binds to a cell surface receptor complex consisting of the members of Frizzled family and the transmembrane protein LRP 5 and 6 to prevent phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin by the GSK3β/APC/Axin destruction complex. (oncotarget.com)
  • Structure and interactions of the human programmed cell death 1 receptor. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • There were no significant associations between CDK2AP1 expression and estrogen receptor status, tumour grade and tumour type. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
  • We focused our research on the nucleolar function that a specific member of EGFR family, the ErbB3 receptor, plays in glioblastoma, a tumor without effective therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High levels of IGFBP-3 within tumors are associated with increased cancer severity (or worse outcome) for some cancers, but decreased severity or better outcome for others. (wikipedia.org)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • In some cancers, PD-L1 expression by tumor cells correlates with a good prognosis for the patient, whereas in glioblastoma many reports suggest that it is a bad prognostic marker. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • This gene is located within a chromosomal region that shows loss of heterozygosity in some bladder cancers. (cancerindex.org)
  • Background Chromosome Area Maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a nuclear exporter and its inhibitor has anti-tumor activity in different cancers. (cancerhugs.com)
  • For each cancer discussed in the first part of our overview, as well as in Part II, which will deal with more common cancers, we briefly cover the tumor biology, how targeting was achieved, the introduction of immune modulation or immune-conjugates, and the impact these therapies are having in the disease. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The situation with solid tumors is considerably more complex, and the evolution of targeted therapies for these cancers is still in its infancy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • miR-455 usually played the role of a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
  • For example, the pancreatic cancers cell series MIA PaCa-2 includes a homozygous deletion of and ectopic appearance of ARID1B significantly inhibited colony development and anchorage unbiased growth from the Rabbit Polyclonal to MAEA cells [84]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • SMARCA2-downregulated pancreatic cancers cells had elevated chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo [85]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Almost all bladder cancers originate in the urothelium, which is a 3- to 7-cell mucosal layer within the muscular bladder. (medscape.com)
  • We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. (nature.com)
  • Results The current research proven the anti-tumor results of KPT-185 in NSCLC cells, including EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Further research will assess anti-tumor activity of KPT-185 in a scientific trial for NSCLC sufferers. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Certainly, to day, many little molecule CRM1 inhibitors possess been created and with high anti-tumor activity, such as leptomycin W (LMB), ratjadone, goniothalamin, N-azolylacrylates, and CBS9106 [11]C[15]. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Genetic alterations include genetic mutation, gene copy number variation (CNV), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), allelic imbalance (AI) and microsatellite instability (MSI). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In oral SCC, modern DNA technology, especially allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity) studies, have identified chromosomal changes suggestive of the involvement of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly in chromosomes 3, 9, 11, and 17. (medscape.com)
  • CAFs provide cancer cells with nutrition and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cells ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An essential process for promotion of metastasis is cancer cell invasion, which is controlled by several biological factors, most notably tumour proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the pivotal roles of miR-455 in cell viability and metastasis in HCC still needed to be explored. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we tried to prove that loss of LKB1 disrupts breast epithelial cell polarity and causes tumor metastasis and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • However, the association of miR-221/222 with glioma cell invasion and survival remains unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Invasion capability of miR-221/222 was detected by mutiple analyses, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), transwell, wound healing and nude mouse tumor xenograft model assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over-expression of miR-221/222 increased cell invasion, whereas knockdown of miR-221/222 decreased cell invasion via modulating the levels of the target, TIMP3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Introduction of a TIMP3 cDNA lacking 3' UTR abrogated miR-221/222-induced cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present data indicate that miR-221 and miR-222 directly regulate cell invasion by targeting TIMP3 and act as prognostic factors for glioma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hallmark of GBM is the widespread diffuse invasion of tumor cells into brain tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growing evidence has indicated important roles for miRNAs in tumor invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, knockdown of miR-221/222 decreased invasion capability, reduced tumor growth and up-regulated the expression of the target, TIMP3, whereas ectopic expression of miR-221/222 exhibited the opposite effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EGFR wild-type amplification and activation promote invasion and development of glioblastoma independent of angiogenesis. (uib.no)
  • Cell viability and invasion were measured by CCK8 and Transwell assays. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-455 suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and it inhibited the abilities of cell invasion and EMT in HCC. (hindawi.com)
  • RAB18 reversed partial roles of miR-455 on cell viability and invasion in HCC. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-455 inhibited cell viability and invasion by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of RAB18 mRNA of hepatocellular carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
  • However, miR-455 promoted cell invasion and migration in triple-negative breast cancer [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In vitro analysis revealed that loss of LKB1 expression enhanced migration, invasion and the acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, while LKB1 overexpression in MDA-MB-435 s cells, which have a low basal level of LKB1 expression, promoted the acquisition of epithelial phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Very similar findings were seen in a prior study which figured ARID1B may be the preferential gene necessary for the success of in knockdown in cell lines led to reduced proliferation and decreased invasion [85,97]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • As such, it is thought that DUSP4 functions as a negative feedback suppressor to regulate the duration and amplitude of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, our findings establish the evidence that aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway involving an autocrine Wnt singaling drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, and identify the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a potential novel therapeutic target for bone sarcomas. (oncotarget.com)
  • The programmed death-1 ligand 1:B7-1 pathway restrains diabetogenic effector T cells in vivo. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Activation of the PD-1 Pathway Contributes to Immune Escape in EGFR-Driven Lung Tumors. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin , which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
  • Pathway-oriented proteome profiling revealed that cetuximab-unresponsive ERK1/2 phosphorylation was the sole biomarker distinguishing cetuximab-refractory NRAS Q61K/+ from cetuximab-sensitive NRAS +/+ cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mechanistically, deletion inhibited the mTOR pathway, suppressed SOX9 appearance, and resulted in dedifferentiation of pancreatic ductal cells [82]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Mechanistically, knockdown resulted in decreased activation from the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and decreased transcription of STAT3 focus on genes [85]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • These data point to the existence of an ErbB3-mediated non canonical pathway that glioblastoma cells use to control ribosomes synthesis and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CAFs maintain their phenotype for numerous passages during culture in vitro without exposure to cancer cells, while NFs cannot be infinitely proliferous like cancer cells ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, we concluded that ZNF326 is highly expressed in breast cancer, is associated with poor prognosis, and plays a vital role in promoting the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells by interacting with DBC1. (cancerindex.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Patients with TP53mut/TSGmut tumors represent a patient subgroup characterized by an aggressive disease phenotype and inferior outcomes on EGFR TKIs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Specifically, these extracellular matrix (ECM) components critically modulate the tumor cell "motile phenotype" affecting their adhesive/migratory abilities which are directly correlated to the metastatic cascade [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Knockdown of endogenous LKB1 gave rise to dysregulation of cell polarity and invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Why and how it is replacing past approaches in the management of solid tumors is the subject of this two-part overview. (cancernetwork.com)
  • At present, and for some years to come, the treatment of most solid tumors will continue to rely on a patchwork of empirically derived and newly introduced molecularly targeted agents. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor in adults. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumour. (bmj.com)
  • PD-L1 expression by neurons nearby tumors indicates better prognosis in glioblastoma patients. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Kingwell K. Neuro-oncology: Glioblastoma prognosis linked to neuronal PD-L1 expression in tumour-adjacent tissue. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Age-dependent association between protein expression of the embryonic stem cell marker Cripto-1 and survival of glioblastoma patients. (uib.no)
  • Microtubule-Severing ATPase Spastin in Glioblastoma: Increased Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Inverse Roles in Cell Motility and Proliferation. (uib.no)
  • A reproducible brain tumour model established from human glioblastoma biopsies. (uib.no)
  • But the potential role of miR-1908 in the carcinogenesis and tumor development of glioblastoma is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of xenograft tumors resulted in PD-L1-dependent tumor growth inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
  • [ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
  • Resisting cell death', 'genome instability and mutation' and 'deregulating cellular energetics' refine breast cancer classification with their predictive values. (jcancer.org)
  • The same authors have identified two emerging hallmarks, i.e., 'reprogramming of energy metabolism' and 'evading immune destruction', in 2011, and pointed out that all these hallmarks are enabled by two characteristics, i.e., 'genome instability and mutation' and 'tumor-promoting inflammation' [ 12 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Although the presence of a TP53 mutation was associated with worse outcomes, the additional TSG alteration in TP53mut tumors identified a subset of patients associated with particularly aggressive disease and inferior clinical outcome in both the Yale and the GENIE cohorts. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using isogenic mCRC cells with a heterozygous knock-in of the NRAS activating mutation Q61K, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which mutant NRAS blocks cetuximab from inhibiting mCRC growth. (oncotarget.com)
  • in adult acinar cells harboring oncogenic mutation accelerated acinar to ductal reprogramming resulting in mucinous PDAC precursor lesions in mice. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • The present review summarizes the recent achievements in understanding the gene profiles of CAFs and pays special attention to their possible epigenetic alterations. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Co-occurring tumor suppressor gene (TSG) alterations have been associated with poor outcomes, however, detailed analyses of their impact on patient outcomes are limited. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell type and tissue specific alterations in fine GAG structure, which are strictly predetermined [ 8 - 10 ], allow these molecules to modulate with high specificity different cellular processes [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
  • Treatment of Panc-1 cells with a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, increased the HPK1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that alteration in proteasome activity contributes to the loss of HPK1 protein expression in pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Thus, HPK1 may function as a novel tumor suppressor and its loss plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to species evolution, cancer is a particular case owing to the vast size of tumour cell populations, chromosomal instability and its potential for phenotypic plasticity. (nature.com)
  • Cancer Cell 27 , 15-26 (2015). (nature.com)
  • The compound has been found to show promising in vitro and in vivo activities against certain B-cell malignancies [ 12 ], and has been under preclinical toxicogical development in the National Cancer Institute Experimental Therapeutics (NExT) program. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abstract The emergence of tumor immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has brought new life to cancer treatment, and ICIs can effectively treat various tumors. (techscience.com)
  • Among the immune anti-cancer therapies, PD-1 is undoubtedly the hot target after CTLA-4, but due to the ineffectiveness of PD-1 in treating certain tumors, researchers have shifted their focus to other combination targets, such as LAG-3, TIM3, IDO-1, etc. (techscience.com)
  • This mixture of immune cells was co-cultured with autologous breast cancer cells (BCCs) isolated from 26 BC females. (techscience.com)
  • Therefore, the reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages from M2 to M1 type is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. (techscience.com)
  • The biological role and underlying mechanism of action of zinc-finger protein 326 (ZNF326) in malignant tumors, including breast cancer, are still not clear. (cancerindex.org)
  • and promoted the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays both demonstrated that ZNF326 interacted with deleted in breast cancer-1 (DBC1) in breast cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our objective was to determine if CDK2AP1 mRNA expression levels were consistent with tumour-suppressive functions in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
  • We report that cten binds to another tumor suppressor, deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC-1), and the SH2 domain of cten is responsible for the interaction. (rupress.org)
  • PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
  • Breast cancer is a complex disease encompassing multiple tumor entities, each characterized by distinct morphology, behavior and clinical implications. (jcancer.org)
  • Evading growth suppressors', 'enabling replicative immortality', 'inducing angiogenesis' and 'tumor-promoting inflammation' have not been involved in breast cancer classification which need more focus in the future biomarker-related research. (jcancer.org)
  • As tumors are not conceivable as a single disease, breast cancer with different diagnostic features should differ in the hallmarks controlling their clinical differences. (jcancer.org)
  • 2013. Targeting focal adhesion kinase in ER+/HER2+ breast cancer improves trastuzumab response . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Feodoroff M, Mikkonen P, Turunen L, Hassinen A, Paasonen L, Paavolainen L, Potdar S, Murumägi A, Kallioniemi O, Pietiäinen V. Comparison of two supporting matrices for patient-derived cancer cells in 3D drug sensitivity and resistance testing assay (3D-DSRT). (helsinki.fi)
  • Feodoroff M, Mikkonen P, Arjama M, Murumägi A, Kallioniemi O, Potdar S, Turunen L, Pietiäinen V. Protocol for 3D Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Testing of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in 384-Well Plates. (helsinki.fi)
  • A persistence of memory T-cells with a potential fetal-antigen specificity has been reported both in human and mice, suggesting that a previous pregnancy may positively impact cancer development or response to ICI, in case of fetal-antigen sharing from tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cancer Gene Therapy. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • Free glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycan- (PG-) containing GAGs, key effectors of cell surface, pericellular and extracellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer by virtue of their coded structure and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate cancer growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-455 has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor to inhibit cap-dependent translation and the proliferation in prostate cancer [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • However, little work has been done on the roles of LKB1 in cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, the LKB1 expressions in metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer cell lines were compared. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The roles of LKB1 in cell polarity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer were determined by using immunofluorescence, western blot assay, and cell migration and invasive assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)
  • Thus, the control of ribosome assembly and protein synthesis is essential for the survival of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0.05) with oral cancer and six potential inhibitors of TGFβRII kinase were identified using in silico analysis. (brjnmims.org)
  • The treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, carcinoma in situ [CIS]) begins with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 40% of patients who develop metastatic disease have tumour(s) confined to the liver, which has driven interest in regional therapies that target the liver [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the EGFR signalling promotes proliferation in tumor the EGFR receptors often represent a marker of resistance with poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the authors concluded to a probable hyperplasic status in benign or malignant neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • 摘要: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that mainly occurs in East and Southeast Asia. (engineering.org.cn)
  • Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
  • NRAS Q61K/+ cells were refractory to cetuximab-induced growth inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
  • Dynamic monitoring of real-time cell growth rates confirmed that cetuximab synergistically sensitized NRAS Q61K/+ cellsto MEK1/2 inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
  • Interestingly, HOXA10 was confirmed as a downstream target of RFC4, and the overexpression of HOXA10 attenuated the silencing of RFC4-induced cell proliferation, colony formation inhibition, and cell cycle arrest. (engineering.org.cn)
  • This idea is backed by subsequent outcomes that pretreatment with an HDACi considerably diminishes the consequences of SUV4-20 inhibition in susceptible cells and it is further verified by HATi-facilitating SUV4-20 inhibition to diminish discrete H4K20me2 in resistant cells. (researchensemble.com)
  • In Amount159 cells, discrete H4K20me2 Esr1 is usually markedly affected instantly upon SUV4-20 inhibition and reduces at that time program. (researchensemble.com)
  • Open up in another windows Fig.?2 Cells react to SUV4-20 inhibition immediately and recover rapidly after removal of SUV4-20 inhibitor. (researchensemble.com)
  • a Heatmaps of the result of SUV4-20 inhibition around the comparative abundance of most discrete PTMs in Amount159 and MCF7 cells. (researchensemble.com)
  • b Comparative large quantity of discrete K20 methylation responds to SUV4-20 inhibition in Amount159 and MCF7 cells. (researchensemble.com)
  • Silvestrol-mediated cell death was attenuated in ATG7-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking a functional autophagy protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Let us underline nevertheless that such cytokeratin expression is found in embryonic cell lines and that the study only concerned 10 specimens. (globale-dermatologie.com)
  • These results strongly circumscribe the possible mechanisms of PINK1 action in the mitochondrial life cycle and also raise the possibility that mitochondrial turnover events that occur in cultured embryonic axons might be restricted to the cell body in vivo, in the intact nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Early embryonic pancreas-specific removal of resulted in decreased multipotent pancreatic progenitor cell proliferation and led to pancreas hypoplasia [48], indicating its essential function in modulating gene appearance during AG-99 development. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Different breast tumor subtypes have different risk factors, clinical presentation, histopathological features, outcome, and response to systemic therapies [ 3 - 8 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute clozapine exposure in vivo induces lipid accumulation and marked sequential changes in the expression of SREBP, PPAR, and LXR target genes in rat liver. (uib.no)
  • Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify that miR-455 directly binds to the 3′-noncoding region (UTR) of RAB18 mRNA in Huh7 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. (thermofisher.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • In vitro cell viability, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and immunoblot was used to study the mechanism of action of silvestrol in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hatten ME, Shelanski ML. Mouse cerebellar granule neurons arrest the proliferation of human and rodent astrocytoma cells in vitro. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the growth potentials of miRNA-1908-overexpressing SW-1783 cells in vitro and in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overexpression of miRNA-1908 significantly promoted anchorage-independent growth in vitro and significantly increased the tumor forming potential in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • RFC4 knockdown induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibited NPC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo . (engineering.org.cn)
  • METHODS: Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR TKIs who had tumor genomic profiling were included. (bvsalud.org)
  • Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with Wnt3a or GSK-3β inhibitor drives the proliferation of bone sarcoma cells, whereas downregulation of activated Wnt signaling with dnTCF4 or siLEF1 suppresses bone sarcoma proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mechanistic synergy of M-VCR in MCL tissue [9] implicates fabricated lethality in intense B-NHL in cellular culture no matter p53 and BCR standing. (immune-source.com)
  • Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)
  • Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC ) following myocardial infarction prevents contractile dysfunction. (anl.gov)
  • Marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC ) express cardiac specific protein in co-culture. (anl.gov)
  • Intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells integrate with the heart after coronary artery occlusion. (anl.gov)
  • Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells secrete factors that exert anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effects on H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. (anl.gov)
  • MiRNAs are dysregulated in tumors and function as oncogenic miRNAs or as tumor suppressor miRNAs [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • Rapid growth and division of cells in tumors are correlated with intensive nucleolar metabolism as a response to oncogenic factors overexpression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study evaluated the roles of PINK1 mitochondrial kinase, and Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase in targeting depolarized mitochondria for degradation in vivo, using quantitative measurements of mitochondria in Drosophila nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a recently identified class of endogenous, small (~22 nt), non-protein coding, single-stranded RNA molecules, negatively regulate protein-coding genes by base-pair matching with the 3' UTRs of mRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs composed of 18-23 nucleotides (nt) that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'-untranslated regions of mRNAs [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor suppressors such as retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53 negatively regulate RNA polymerase I and interfere with the assembly of transcriptional machinery on the rDNA promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concept has now been extended to embrace synthetic lethal drug sensitivity, such as that observed with PARP inhibitors in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy in a variety of BRCA defective tumors 10 . (nature.com)
  • Simultaneous combination of MEK1/2 inhibitors with cetuximab resulted in extremely high and dose-dependent synthetic lethal effects, which were executed, at least in part, by exacerbated apoptotic cell death. (oncotarget.com)
  • In silico analysis identified six molecules as inhibitors of TGFβRII kinase domain from 17,723 conformers from Maybridge HitFinder library and 2685 conformers from MEGx AnalytiCon natural product library. (brjnmims.org)
  • Prognostic variables in oligodendroglial tumors: a single-institution study of 95 cases. (uib.no)
  • He has taught anatomy, physiology, and cell biology at Trinity Christian College for 34 years, and he still teaches there in addition to his work at Argonne. (anl.gov)
  • Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)
  • Genetic reconstruction of individual colorectal tumor histories. (nature.com)
  • Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. (nature.com)
  • Based on public data sources, we identified 22 genes that are correlated with PD-1 expression as well as differentially expressed between tumor tissues and normal tissues, and high expression of all the key genes was correlated with a superior survival outcome. (techscience.com)
  • The regions most commonly identified thus far have included some on the short arm of chromosome 3, a TSG termed P16 on chromosome 9, and the TSG termed TP53 on chromosome 17, but multiple other genes are being discovered. (medscape.com)
  • Focal genomic amplification at 19q13.42 comprises a powerful diagnostic marker for embryonal tumors with ependymoblastic rosettes. (uib.no)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)
  • may be the second most regularly mutated gene from the SWI/SNF subunits in PDAC and is among the well-studied SWI/SNF subunits. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • The expression of miR-455 was lower in HCC tissues and cell lines than in nontumor tissues and normal cell line, and downregulation of miR-455 was connected with worse outcome of HCC patients. (hindawi.com)
  • RAB18 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and the expression of RAB18 was regulated by miR-455. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results revealed that RFC4 was more elevated in NPC tumor tissues than in normal tissues. (engineering.org.cn)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, together with clinicopathological variables such as tumor size, tumor grade, nodal involvement, histologic type, and surgical margins, have been widely used for prognosis, prediction and treatment selection [ 9 , 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding endogenous RNAs containing 19 to 25 nucleotides that promote posttranscriptional control in regulating the expression of target gene by binding to the 3′-UTR sequences of its mRNA [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • LKB1, also known as STK11 , is a master kinase that serves as an energy metabolic sensor and is involved in cell polarity regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bafilomycin A, an autophagy inhibitor, resulted in the accumulation of LC3 in cells treated with silvestrol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Fifty paraffin-embedded glioma specimens with clinical data were collected from January 2006 to June 2006, including 14 grade I-II tumors, 18 grade III tumors and 18 grade IV tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twenty-two frozen glioma specimens, stored in liquid nitrogen, were collected from October 2009 to May 2010, including 9 grade I-II tumors, 6 grade III tumors and 7 grade IV tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the B7-related molecule B7-H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
  • 2016. Overexpression of specific CD44 isoforms is associated with aggressive cell features in acquired endocrine resistance . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Finally, it was found for the first time that endogenous LKB1 knockdown resulted in abnormal cell polarity in acini formed by non-transformed breast epithelial cells grown in 3D culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • ATAC-seq evaluation showed decreased chromatin accessibility, and additional research pointed these sites correlate with gain access to of transcription elements to enhancers linked to acinar identification genes [94]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PGs, molecules which consist of a protein core that is covalently modified with GAG chains, are distributed both to the ECM "proper" associated with the cell membrane as well as located to intracellular compartment. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, knockdown of miR-221/222 increased TIMP3 expression and considerably inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Likewise, knockdown marketed the growth-factor unbiased growth in regular individual pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cell series [20]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • AG-99 knockdown and also have lower viability in comparison to ARID1A-expressing cells [21]. (morainetownshipdems.org)