• Result: Addition of either NK cells or supernatant removed from cultured NK cells to OSCSCs or hDPSCs significantly augmented resistance of these cells against NK cell mediated cytotoxicity by triggering differentiation of the stem cells. (umich.edu)
  • Conclusion: NK cells by targeting other effectors in the microenvironment may become conditioned to lose cytotoxicity and gain cytokine producing phenotype before they can aid in differentiation of stem cells. (umich.edu)
  • The discovery that a unique type of lymphocyte was responsible for "natural" or spontaneous cytotoxicity was made in the early 1970s by doctoral student Rolf Kiessling and postdoctoral fellow Hugh Pross, in the mouse, and by Hugh Pross and doctoral student Mikael Jondal in the human. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pross and Jondal were studying cell-mediated cytotoxicity in normal human blood and the effect of the removal of various receptor-bearing cells on this cytotoxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared with controls, ML NK cells expressing anti-EphA2 CAR had increased IFNγ and cytotoxicity in response to EphA2+ cell lines and primary HNSCC targets. (figshare.com)
  • Lessons learned from the study of NK cell memory could help with the design of better expansion protocols for adoptive NK cell therapy, for the manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells and for improving NK cell-based therapies that rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nature.com)
  • Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We determined the capacity of the leukemia cell line K562 modified to express a membrane-bound form of interleukin (IL)-15 and 41BB ligand (K562-mb15-41BBL) to generate human NK cells with enhanced cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • define NK cell differentiation states based on their education via NKG2a and expression of CD16 (FcγRIII), an activating Fc receptor that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8 , and demonstrate that nonpathogenic SIVagm infection in African green monkeys (AGMs) imprints the maturation of NK cells inducing terminally differentiated NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells, which express high levels of interleukin (IL)−21R. (nature.com)
  • furthermore, in vivo IFNα-induced NK cell cytotoxicity correlates with reductions in HIV-DNA during antiretroviral therapy (ART) 16 . (nature.com)
  • In SIVagm infection, systemic IL-15 was associated with NK cell proliferation in lymph node (LN), while systemic IFNα correlated with NK cell cytotoxicity in LN 17 . (nature.com)
  • Natural Killer (NK) cells play an essential role in cancer surveillance and have a unique capability of spontaneous cytotoxicity against cancer cells. (confex.com)
  • Their two main functions are direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the release of cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NK cells were subsequently analyzed for changes in surface marker expression, cytokine production, gene expression changes, and cytotoxic function using flow cytometry, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced by the addition of DEP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In cancer patients since the majority of NK cells have lost cytotoxic activity, they may eventually contribute rather than halt the progression of cancer by not only driving the differentiation of tumor cells but more importantly, by allowing the growth and expansion of the pool of cancer stem cells. (umich.edu)
  • NK cells provide rapid responses to virus-infected cell and other intracellular pathogens acting at around 3 days after infection, and respond to tumor formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • that is, a certain population of cells seemed to be able to lyse tumor cells without having been previously sensitized to them. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first published study to assert that untreated lymphoid cells were able to confer a natural immunity to tumors was performed by Dr. Henry Smith at the University of Leeds School of Medicine in 1966, leading to the conclusion that the "phenomenon appear[ed] to be an expression of defense mechanisms to tumor growth present in normal mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kiessling's research involved the well-characterized ability of T lymphocytes to lyse tumor cells against which they had been previously immunized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphoid cells (ILCs) involved in the killing of infected and tumor cells. (hal.science)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive tumor with low response rates to frontline PD-1 blockade. (figshare.com)
  • We hypothesized that memory-like (ML) NK cell differentiation, tumor targeting with cetuximab, and engineering with an anti-EphA2 (Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) enhance NK cell responses against HNSCC. (figshare.com)
  • ML and cNK cells were engineered to express anti-EphA2 CAR-CD8A-41BB-CD3z, and functional responses were assessed in vitro against HNSCC cell lines and primary HNSCC tumor cells. (figshare.com)
  • However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Versican G3 promotes mouse mammary tumor cell growth, migration, and metastasis by influencing EGF receptor signaling. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • In the research part we will deal with the basic principles of the innate immune defense used to control tumors and viral infections with a focus on NK and NK/T cells, including analysis of NK receptor genomics/epigenetics, gene polymorphisms/disease linkage, differentiation of hitherto unrecognized NK cell subpopulations and novel ligands for NK receptors exposed by tumor and/or virally infected cells. (europa.eu)
  • This will include the investigation of the role of NK/T cell subpopulations in the defense against tumors and infections by herpes virus family members, some being involved in tumor formation, in the development of inflammatory diseases and/or constituting a frequent complication during tumor therapy. (europa.eu)
  • The project will support anti-tumor and anti-viral therapies by developing novel technology for NK cell generation from cord blood stem cells for NK cell infusions in patients, by genetic engineering of NK cells and by using NK receptors and their ligands to develop novel reagents for amplifying anti-tumor and -viral activities of NK/T cells. (europa.eu)
  • Recent advances in immunotherapy for cancer have stimulated a plethora of studies aimed at developing T cells (white blood cells) and Natural Killer (NK) cells (immune cells with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or cells infected with a virus) in-vitro from pluripotent stem cells -- cells that are able to self-renew by dividing and developing into the three primary groups of cells that make up a human body. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cancer cells depart their normal microenvironment from the primary tumor site through complicated and multistep processes disseminate and colonize distant organs [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • An immune cell in the tumor microenvironment that may be important for inhibiting the immune response against bladder cancer is the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC). (iospress.com)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
  • The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
  • Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
  • In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
  • To mediate appropriate and directed immune response against cancer, NK cells must be capable of migration to the tumor site. (confex.com)
  • For example, in multiple myeloma, CXCR3 and CCR5 ligands (MIG, IP-10, and MIP-1a) are significantly upregulated in the bone marrow compared to healthy controls, affecting the composition of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. (confex.com)
  • APOE level was significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic) and immune biomarkers in PTC. (jcancer.org)
  • Consequently, targeting GMPPB in GBM cells results in impaired GBM tumor growth and invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • iNKT cells constitutively express high levels of Nr4a1-encoded Nur77, a transcription factor that integrates signal strength downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR) within activated thymocytes and peripheral T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Distinct receptor-ligand interactions and distinct cytokine milieus lead to the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)
  • These studies have identified LY49H as the MCMV-specific activating NK cell receptor and m157 as the cognate viral ligand recognized by LY49H. (nature.com)
  • Ly6C high MC exhibited activated neutrophil degranulation, lysosome, cytokine production/receptor interaction and myeloid cell activation pathways, and Ly6C low MC presented features of lymphocyte immunity pathways in both mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Enforcement of γδ-lineage commitment by the pre-T-cell receptor in precursors with weak γδ-TCR signals. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • Cluster of Differentiation 244 (CD244/Natural Killer Cell Receptor 2B4) contains 2 Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domains. (prospecbio.com)
  • CD244 is a cell surface receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells (and some T cells) which mediate non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted killing. (prospecbio.com)
  • NK-cell and target cells interaction via the CD244 receptor is believed to modulate NK-cell cytolytic activity. (prospecbio.com)
  • G-MDSC are also referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC, which differ from conventional neutrophils via expression of lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), which inhibits T cell proliferation [ 7, 8 ]. (iospress.com)
  • In this review, we have discussed the status and roles of various immune effector cells ( e.g ., dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells), their cytokine profile, and the chemokine-receptor axis in promoting or impeding HCC. (wjgnet.com)
  • The specificity of T-cells is determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimer of alpha and beta protein chains. (elifesciences.org)
  • In order to delineate the homing patterns of distinct NK cell subsets, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry combined with functional assays to map the NK cell chemokine receptor expression and migratory behavior. (confex.com)
  • Interestingly, CCR1 and CXCR6 were expressed mainly on less differentiated NKG2A+ CD56dim NK cells (B). Next, we stratified the chemokine receptor expression on mature KIR+ NK cells based on the expression of self (educated) or non-self KIR (uneducated). (confex.com)
  • We found that the chemokine-induced migration capability of NK cells correlated closely with the expression level of corresponding chemokine receptor, leading to subset specific responses to various chemokine gradients (D). (confex.com)
  • The present results show that peripheral blood NK cell chemokine receptor profile changes in a coordinated fashion during NK cell differentiation and is further influenced by the expression of self-specific KIR. (confex.com)
  • This receptor transduces thegrowth promoting signal of IL21, and is important for the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, B cells,and natural killer (NK) cells. (creativebiomart.net)
  • NKG2D is an activating NK cell surface receptor that recognizes ligands, such as MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence (MIC) A and B and UL16-binding proteins (ULPBs), displayed on the surfaces of stressed cells, thereby preventing non-specific killing by bringing NK cells into close proximity with their targets [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)
  • CRTH2: Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed includes nonallergic asthma phenotypes, such as asthma on TH2 cells associated with exposure to air pollution, infection, or obesity, ILC: Innate lymphoid cell that require innate rather than adaptive immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • T-cell numbers were derived from three measurements deter- attributable to the decrease in the number of T cells that bear mined with two different instruments, a hematology analyzer the CD4 receptor ( 5-9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Polymorphisms in Natural Killer Cell Receptor Protein 2D (NKG2D) as a Risk Factor for Cholangiocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)
  • Various subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with different cytokine productions develop in the mouse thymus, but the factors driving their differentiation remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Among human and mouse NK cells from the spleen and blood, we previously identified by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) two similar major subsets, NK1 and NK2. (hal.science)
  • Human MC were initially divided into three subsets based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16, and recently classified based on CD40 expression ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • TGF-β affects development and differentiation of human natural killer cell subsets. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • Using TCR alpha and beta repertoire sequencing for T-cell subsets, as well as single-cell RNAseq and TCRseq, we track the concentrations and phenotypes of individual T-cell clones in response to primary and secondary yellow fever immunization - the model for acute infection in humans - showing their large diversity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cord blood was analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine proportions of T lymphocytes (CD3 + cells and their subsets, CD4 + and CD8 + ), B lymphocytes (CD19 + ) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells that demonstrated both pro-inflammatory responses and inflammation-resolving responses. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Additional markers can be used to distinguish HSPC subsets within the CD34+ population and isolate HSPCs with different engraftment abilities and capacities to expand or generate mature blood cells in culture. (stemcell.com)
  • Based on effector function, NK cells are divided into two major subsets: more cytotoxic NK cells (CD56 dim CD16 + ) and more cytokine-secreting NK cells (CD56 bright CD16 dim/- ) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to NKT cells, NK cells do not express T-cell antigen receptors (TCR) or pan T marker CD3 or surface immunoglobulins (Ig) B cell receptors, but they usually express the surface markers CD16 (FcγRIII) and CD57 in humans, NK1.1 or NK1.2 in C57BL/6 mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to natural killer cells being effectors of innate immunity, both activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors play important functional roles, including self tolerance and the sustaining of NK cell activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Ly6C high MC presented downregulated co-stimulatory receptors (CD2, GITR, and TIM1) which direct immune cell proliferation, and upregulated co-stimulatory ligands (LIGHT and SEMA4A) which trigger antigen priming and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
  • A wide variety of immune cells have vitamin D receptors that, once engaged, profoundly alter cellular function. (creighton.edu)
  • A dysregulated immune system (including changes in the number and/or function of immune cells, cytokine levels, and the expression of inhibitory receptors or their ligands) plays a key role in the development of HCC. (wjgnet.com)
  • The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. (elifesciences.org)
  • Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, implying a potentially central role in cell trafficking. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Histamine and its receptors represent a complex system of immunoregulation with distinct effects mediated by four GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors HRs 1-4) and their differential expression, which changes according to the stage of cell differentiation and microenvironmental influences. (hindawi.com)
  • The human NK cell repertoire is functionally diversified through a tightly regulated differentiation process characterized by an early transition from CD56bright to CD56dim NK cells, followed by coordinated changes in expression of inhibitory receptors, including NKG2A and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). (confex.com)
  • This process is mediated by chemokines, which guide cell migration by binding to their specific receptors. (confex.com)
  • Interestingly, receptors which expression declines during NK cell differentiation (CCR5, CCR7, and CXCR3) are commonly associated with adaptive T cell responses to viruses, whereas receptors that are upregulated along the differentiation axis (CXCR1, CXCR2, CX3CR1, CMKLR1) are typical for neutrophils and macrophages as a part of the innate immune response. (confex.com)
  • T3 carries 3-4 times the metabolic potency of T4, freely enters cells, and binds to receptors of the hormone into the cell nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
  • We generated ML NK and conventional (c)NK cells from healthy donors, then evaluated their ability to produce IFNγ, TNF, degranulate, and kill HNSCC cell lines and primary HNSCC cells, alone or in combination with cetuximab, in vitro and in vivo using xenograft models. (figshare.com)
  • The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)
  • Notch signals are required for in vitro but not in vivo maintenance of human hematopoietic stem cells and delay the appearance of multipotent progenitors. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • Human CD8 T cells generated in vitro from hematopoietic stem cells are functionally mature. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • The expanded NK cells were significantly more potent than unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated NK cells against acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Recent advances in immunotherapy for cancer have stimulated a plethora of studies aimed at developing T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells in-vitro from pluripotent stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers have discovered a novel pathway based on Notch stimulation very early during the in-vitro differentiation that robustly support the emergence of T and NK cells from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Now, researchers from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center have discovered a novel pathway based on Notch stimulation (a pathway involved in cell fate decisions, proliferation and death) very early during the in-vitro differentiation that robustly support the emergence of T and NK cells from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC). (sciencedaily.com)
  • November 4, 2022 -- Researchers have discovered a novel pathway very early during in vitro differentiation that supports the development of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (scienceboard.net)
  • According to the authors, in vitro studies have demonstrated the importance of the Notch pathway in hematopoiesis, or the production or blood cells and platelets. (scienceboard.net)
  • The colony-forming unit (CFU) assay is a clonal, in vitro culture assay that measures the growth and frequency of functionally viable HSPCs by assessing the proliferation and differentiation of individual progenitor cells, resulting in the formation of discrete colonies in a semi-solid methylcellulose medium (such as MethoCult™ ) when supplemented with appropriate cytokines. (stemcell.com)
  • Other uses of the CFU assay include studying the effects of stimulatory and inhibitory growth factors, screening novel compounds to predict potential toxicity to the hematopoietic system, and testing the effects of various in vitro manipulations (e.g. cell processing, cryopreservation, gene transduction, and transmission) on cellular products used in hematopoietic cell transplantation. (stemcell.com)
  • We demonstrate that silencing GMPPB inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo and that overexpression of GMPPB exhibits the opposite effects. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • 60 woorden): The aim of this research project is to study the transcriptional regulation of human natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) differentiation. (ugent.be)
  • The antitumor effect provided by natural killing has been observed in tumors of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins and reported in diverse in vivo models and clinical series ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)
  • For example, ex vivo IL-21 treatment expanded CD16 + NK cells 9 , antagonized the IL-15-dependent expansion of resting NK cells 10 , and reverses hypo-responsiveness via the STAT1 and PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 pathways 11 . (nature.com)
  • NOTCH1 is known to be required for the production of hematopoietic progenitor cells (an intermediate cell type in blood cell development) with T cell potential in vivo. (sciencedaily.com)
  • NOTCH1 is known to be required to produce hematopoietic progenitor cells with T cell potential in vivo. (scienceboard.net)
  • Domaica, C.I. Human Natural Killer Cell Maturation Defect Supports In Vivo CD56bright to CD56dim Lineage Development. (uba.ar)
  • Zwirner, N.W. 'Human Natural Killer Cell Maturation Defect Supports In Vivo CD56bright to CD56dim Lineage Development' (2012) PLoS ONE. (uba.ar)
  • Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
  • iNKT cells in bone marrow chimeras that reconstituted thymic cellularity developed beyond stage 0 precursors and yielded IL-4-producing NKT2 cell subset but not IFN-γ-producing NKT1 cell subset. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NK cells are known to differentiate and mature in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and thymus, where they then enter into the circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using the same technology, we report here the identification, by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), of three NK cell subpopulations in human bone marrow. (hal.science)
  • Pseudotime analysis identified a subset of resident CD56bright NK cells, NK0 cells, as the precursor of both circulating CD56dim NK1-like NK cells and CD56bright NK2-like NK cells in human bone marrow and spleen under physiological conditions. (hal.science)
  • Transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow NK cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibited stress-induced repression of NK cell effector functions, highlighting the profound impact of this disease on NK cell heterogeneity. (hal.science)
  • Bone marrow NK cells from AML patients exhibited reduced levels of CD160, but the CD160high group had a significantly higher survival rate. (hal.science)
  • Monocytes (MC) are bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear phagocytes that play an important role in innate immune response and are the major immune cell population in chronic tissue inflammatory ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • MSCs were obtained from the bone marrow (BM) cells remaining in the bag and filter used in the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. (springer.com)
  • NOD-SCID-Gamma (NSG) mice) and measuring the presence of human blood cells in the blood or bone marrow (BM) after extended periods of engraftment, e.g., 20 weeks or longer. (stemcell.com)
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of disorders involving malignant monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular sites, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, the spleen, the liver, and the gastrointestinal tract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hodgkin Lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma is a localized or disseminated malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphoreticular system, primarily involving lymph node tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cell markers, or surface antigens, are molecules located on a cell's membrane used to identify specific cell types, their lineage, and their stage in the differentiation process according to the presence or absence of the expression of defined markers. (stemcell.com)
  • Semi-invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are self-reactive lymphocytes, yet how this lineage attains self-tolerance remains unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By 1973, 'natural killing' activity was established across a wide variety of species, and the existence of a separate lineage of cells possessing this ability was postulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have identify a critical window when Notch activation robustly improves access to definitive intermediate cell type in blood cell development (hematopoietic progenitors) with T/NK cell lineage potential. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We have identified a critical window when Notch activation robustly improves access to definitive intermediate cell type in blood cell development (hematopoietic progenitors) with T/NK cell lineage potential," corresponding author Dr. Gustavo Mostoslavsky, PhD, associate professor of medicine and microbiology, said in a statement. (scienceboard.net)
  • Also making up a part of the hematopoietic system are short-term repopulating progenitor cells, which give rise to lineage-specific cell types. (stemcell.com)
  • However, several immune alterations, such as differential leukocyte subset composition at baseline, blunted natural killer cell and T-cell functions, and altered cytokine levels were observed. (mcw.edu)
  • This study aims to explore molecule signaling mediating MC subset differentiation in HHcy and control mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we established 3 groups of transcriptional models to describe Ly6C high to Ly6C low MC subset differentiation, immune checkpoint regulation, Ly6C high MC to MΦ subset differentiation and Ly6C low MC to lymphocyte functional adaptation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder derived from a subset of naive pregerminal center cells localized in primary follicles or in the mantle region of secondary follicles. (medscape.com)
  • The CDC guidelines concerning CD4+ T-cell determinations (33) were first published in the MMWR in 1992 to provide laboratorians with the most complete information about how to measure CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood from HIV-infected persons by using flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)
  • TBR2 plays a role in brain development and is required for the specification and the proliferation of the intermediate progenitor cells and their progeny in the cerebral cortex. (thermofisher.com)
  • Collectively, these are referred to as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). (stemcell.com)
  • Colonies derived from different types of progenitor cells are classified and counted based on morphological and phenotypic criteria. (stemcell.com)
  • CD34 is the most commonly used cell surface marker to identify human HSPCs as it is expressed on HSCs, in addition to both multipotent and more differentiated progenitor cells of individual blood cell lineages. (stemcell.com)
  • Nonetheless, the developing thymic iNKT cells that emerged in these chimeras expressed the exhaustion marker PD1 and responded poorly to a strong glycolipid agonist. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, Nur77 integrates signals emanating from the TCR to control thymic iNKT cell tolerance induction, terminal differentiation, and effector functions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our data therefore suggest that TCR signal strength during thymic differentiation may influence not only IFN-γ production, but also the protective function of iNKT cells in arthritis. (nih.gov)
  • NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
  • Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
  • 2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
  • Infusions of natural killer (NK) cells are an emerging tool for cancer immunotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Given previous findings on a role of IL-21 and IFNα in regulating NK cell function, and that NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells are generated while expressing high levels of IL-21R in nonpathogenic SIV infection, we sought to determine whether immunotherapy with IL-21 and IFNα rescues AGM-like profiles of NK cell maturation and activity in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). (nature.com)
  • EMT is an embryologically conserved genetic program by which epithelial cells down regulate intercellular tight junctions, loose polarity, express mesenchymal markers, and manifest a migratory phenotype [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • CXCR3 expression on the surface of NK cells promotes chemotaxis to sites of infection through the release of IP-10 by other cells including epithelial cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.015 epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The NKp46 cell surface marker constitutes, at the moment, another NK cell marker of preference being expressed in both humans, several strains of mice (including BALB/c mice) and in three common monkey species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mice, MDSC can be identified by species-specific cell surface markers (CD11b + Gr-1 + ) and may be further classified as monocytic (M-MDSC, Ly-6C hi ) or granulocytic (G-MDSC, Ly-6G + ) based on additional cell surface markers [ 6 ]. (iospress.com)
  • We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
  • some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumors from mice given anti-PD1 had larger numbers of memory CD8+ T cells (CD44+CD62L-KLRG1int) and T cells that expressed PD1, lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and TIGIT compared with mice not given the antibody. (stanford.edu)
  • these effects were not observed in mice with depletion of CD8+ T cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells or large granular lymphocytes (LGL), are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system that belong to the rapidly expanding family of known innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and represent 5-20% of all circulating lymphocytes in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • NK cells differentiate from CD127+ common innate lymphoid progenitor, which is downstream of the common lymphoid progenitor from which B and T lymphocytes are also derived. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ly6C low MC manifested activated T-cell signaling pathways and potentially can adapt the function of lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
  • The adjusted models show significant associations between PAHs or PM 2.5 during early gestation and increases in CD3 + and CD4 + lymphocytes percentages and decreases in CD19 + and NK cell percentages in cord blood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)
  • the remainder arise from T lymphocytes or natural killer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Accurate and reliable measures of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells) are essential to the assessment of the immune system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • and the percentage of lymphocytes that are CD4+ T-cells. (cdc.gov)
  • NK cell differentiated OSCSCs or hDPSCs expressed lower levels of surface CD44 and higher induction of B7H1 and secreted higher levels of cytokines. (umich.edu)
  • Cytokine-induced memory NK cells can be generated by exposure to inflammatory cytokines even in the absence of a defined antigen. (nature.com)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
  • Cytokines are regulatory compounds produced by cells of the immune system [T(H)1 and T(H)2] and act as intracellular mediators and control the immune and inflammatory reponses 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • T(H)1 control the cell-mediated response and produce a number of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g. (bvsalud.org)
  • The encoded protein plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing the differentiation, proliferation and activity of multiple target cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells. (origene.com)
  • Typically, immune cells detect the antigen presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing the death of the infected cell by lysis or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Developmental progression of fetal HEB(-/-) precursors to the pre-T-cell stage is restored by HEBAlt. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • For those who are ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens or experience progression of disease, in 2016-2017 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved five monoclonal antibodies that achieve immune checkpoint blockade by targeting the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. (iospress.com)
  • HNSCC cell lines and patient samples express multiple inhibitory and activating surface ligands. (figshare.com)
  • The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis. (broadinstitute.org)
  • APOE is a potential independent biomarker for PTC and APOE expression is positively correlated with immune cell infiltration in PTC. (jcancer.org)
  • HSCs make up a very small population of the hematopoietic system, however, these cells are invaluable as they have the potential to give rise to all mature blood and immune cell types and sustain life-long blood production. (stemcell.com)
  • These alterations in NK cell effector function will ultimately aid in driving differentiation of a population of surviving healthy as well as transformed stem cells. (umich.edu)
  • Second, NK cells can remember inflammatory cytokine milieus that imprint long-lasting non-antigen-specific NK cell effector function. (nature.com)
  • This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • A novel human anti-AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration. (cancerindex.org)
  • AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The function of Nur77 in iNKT cells is unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we report that sustained Nur77 overexpression (Nur77tg) in mouse thymocytes abrogates iNKT cell development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Introgression of a rearranged Vα14-Jα18 TCR-α chain gene into the Nur77tg (Nur77tg;Vα14tg) mouse rescued iNKT cell development up to the early precursor stage, stage 0. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that hypomorphic alleles of Zap70 or chemical inhibition of Zap70 catalysis leads to an increase of IFN-γ-producing iNKT cells (NKT1 cells), suggesting that NKT1 cells may require a lower TCR signal threshold. (nih.gov)
  • cytokine levels cause a decline in cell numbers. (123dok.net)
  • Comparisons of the gene expression profiles of the expanded NK cells and their unstimulated or IL-2-stimulated counterparts showed marked differences. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Recent studies support a role for biotin in cell proliferation, DNA repair, epigenetic gene regulation as well as normal immune function. (medscape.com)
  • Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, which would suggest that urine might serve as a surrogate for kidney biopsies. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Science Advisory Board spoke with Stemson Therapeutics co-founder and CEO Geoff Hamilton earlier this month at the 2022 Cell & Gene Meeting on. (scienceboard.net)
  • A panel on October 13 at the Cell & Gene Meeting on the Mesa in Carlsbad, CA, will focus on new pluripotent stem cell (PSC) developments and advancements. (scienceboard.net)
  • In bringing its expertise to Lake County, ARTEC increases its attractiveness for companies that are looking for iPSC-derived cell technologies to advance their gene target identification, drug screening, and disease modeling research. (lakecountypartners.com)
  • Method: NK cells were cultured with irradiated monocytes and/or anti-CD16 mAb in the presence and absence of IL-2 for 24 hours before their supernatants were removed and the NK cells were washed and cultured with either Oral Squamous Cancer Stem Cell (OSCSCs) as well as human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (hDPSCs) for 5 days. (umich.edu)
  • HEBAlt enhances the T-cell potential of fetal myeloid-biased precursors. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immune cells that dampen immune responses. (iospress.com)
  • We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)
  • The main challenge for the success of this approach is to obtain a great quantity of activated NK cells for adoptive transfer. (springer.com)
  • often, NKT cell activity promotes NK cell activity by secreting interferon gamma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report, using the pathogenic model of antiretroviral therapy-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques that sequential interleukin-21 and interferon alpha therapy generate terminally differentiated blood natural killer cells (NKG2a/c low CD16 + ) with potent human leukocyte antigen-E-restricted activity in response to SIV envelope peptides. (nature.com)
  • This is in contrast to control macaques, where less differentiated, interferon gamma-producing natural killer cells predominate. (nature.com)
  • It has been previously demonstrated that NK cell functionality is responsive to immunotherapies with IL-21 and interferon alpha (IFNα). (nature.com)
  • We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
  • A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. (broadinstitute.org)
  • HEB-deficient T-cell precursors lose T-cell potential and adopt an alternative pathway of differentiation. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • In their study, published November 3 in the journal Stem Cell Reports , researchers from Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center based their method on Notch stimulation -- a pathway involved in cell fate decisions, proliferation, and death. (scienceboard.net)
  • Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B-cell signature and evidence of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The basic concepts derived from studying NK cell memory provide new insights about innate immunity and could lead to novel strategies to improve treatments for infectious diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
  • Unlike HIV infection, which progresses to AIDS absent suppressive anti-retroviral therapy, nonpathogenic infections in natural hosts, such African green monkeys, are characterized by a lack of gut microbial translocation and robust secondary lymphoid natural killer cell responses resulting in an absence of chronic inflammation and limited SIV dissemination in lymph node B-cell follicles. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Pathways for the generation of memory NK cells. (nature.com)
  • G044417N) Transcriptional regulation of differentiation of human natural killer and innate lymphoid cells. (ugent.be)
  • The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)
  • The researchers believe a novel platform allowing universal off-the-shelf T and NK cell access has enormous potential for future immunotherapies targeting a broad range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, as well as immunodeficiencies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Recombinant human IL-7 (HZ-1281) stimulates dose-dependent proliferation of murine 2E8 human cell line. (ptglab.com)
  • The role of NK cells is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Objective: To demonstrate that NK cells conditioned by effectors of tissue microenvironment promote differentiation and resistance of healthy and transformed oral stem cells through cell-cell contact and secreted effectors. (umich.edu)
  • The different types of memory NK cells differ in terms of their tissue localization patterns. (nature.com)
  • CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein that was first identified on HSPCs, but its expression is also present on other cell types, such as vascular tissue. (stemcell.com)
  • These findings appear online in the journal Stem Cell Reports . (sciencedaily.com)
  • A team of scientists have discovered that stem cell-derived neurons from combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) react differently. (scienceboard.net)
  • The effort is led by Dr. Vasil Galat, Ph.D. - an expert at the forefront of stem cell biology and a former associate professor of pathology at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, where, as director, he led the stem cell core facility at Lurie Children's Hospital. (lakecountypartners.com)
  • This treatment avoids the common harsh side effects of current standard of care treatments and the risk of Graft Vs. Host Disease (GVHD) associated with newer cancer treatments like CAR-T. It is the first "off-the-shelf" live NK cell therapy developed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that does not require co-administration of check-point inhibitors to improve efficiency. (lakecountypartners.com)
  • With few exceptions, stem cell transplantation is usually reserved for patients with aggressive lymphomas after incomplete remission or relapse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Treatment selection takes into account patient age, fitness, and whether autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is planned. (medscape.com)
  • The role of NK cells in both the innate and adaptive immune responses is becoming increasingly important in research using NK cell activity as a potential cancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Strategies are needed to enhance NK cell responses against HNSCC. (figshare.com)
  • From a physiological standpoint, MDSC can be thought of as effectors of a homeostatic mechanism that regulate T cell-mediated inflammatory responses to pathogens [ 5 ]. (iospress.com)
  • that regulate the differentiation and activation of these cells. (cdc.gov)