Defective viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Defective interfering RNAs are small sub-viral replicons which are non-coding deletion mutants of the virus that maintain cis-acting RNA elements necessary for replication of the host virus. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanisms involved in viral interference have been evaluated in differentiated airway epithelial cells and in animal models susceptible to the respiratory viruses of interest. (cdc.gov)
Heterologous viral interference relies on induction of a nonspecific innate immune response by a first virus that reduces or prevents infection and replication of a second virus (e.g., influenza A virus [IAV] and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The more probable mechanism of negative viral interactions relies on the induction of a transient innate immunity by the interfering virus. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A Virus Infection Induces Viral and Cellular Defective Ribosomal Products Encoded by Alternative Reading Frames. (bvsalud.org)
During viral infections, the complex and dynamic distributions of variants, termed viral quasispecies, play a key role in the adaptability of viruses to changing environments and the fate of the population as a whole. (springer.com)
On the contrary, current evidence indicates that mutant spectra contribute to viral pathogenesis, can modulate the expression of phenotypic traits by subpopulations of viruses, can include memory genomes that reflect the past evolutionary history of the viral lineage, and, furthermore, can participate in viral extinction through lethal mutagenesis. (springer.com)
Arias A, Agudo R, Ferrer-Orta C, Pérez-Luque R, Airaksinen A, Brocchi E, Domingo E, Verdaguer N, Escarmis C (2005) Mutant viral polymerase in the transition of virus to error catastrophe identifies a critical site for RNA binding. (springer.com)
Charpentier C, Dwyer DE, Mammano F, Lecossier D, Clavel F, Hance AJ (2004) Role of minority populations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the evolution of viral resistance to protease inhibitors. (springer.com)
Many viral infections can cause liver inflammation, but the term viral hepatitis usually refers to infections with one of the five hepatotropic viruses (viruses known to target the human liver): HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV. (cdc.gov)
The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
1 In that study picornaviruses (mostly rhinoviruses) accounted for two thirds of the viral infections, with coronavirus causing less severe asthma exacerbations than other respiratory viruses. (bmj.com)
To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
DARPA says it wants to harness TIPs - tiny virus-like entities with engineered genetic material that encodes defective viral proteins. (rutgers.edu)
In a cell infected with both a flu virus and a TIP, the cell makes copies of the TIP genome that compete for viral proteins. (rutgers.edu)
It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
Defective genomes arise when the viral polymerases lose processivity during virus replication at high titers. (plos.org)
Working with Sendai and influenza viruses in mice, Carolina López and colleagues show that defective viral genomes accumulate during acute viral respiratory infections. (plos.org)
Previously, chronic ethanol consumption was shown to prolong inflammation and delay viral clearance in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected mice. (cdc.gov)
These proteins may be prematurely degraded by MMP-9 in the lung, leading to defective immunity and reduced viral clearance. (cdc.gov)

Here, we demonstrated the interferon (IFN)-independent protection conferred by the influenza DI virus against homologous virus infection in mice deficient in type I and III IFN signaling. (flu.org.cn)
Inoculation with vaccina virus produces a localized skin infection. (medscape.com)
Infection by a first virus could enhance or reduce infection and replication of a second virus, resulting in positive (additive or synergistic) or negative (antagonistic) interaction. (cdc.gov)
At the host level, the course of infection of 1 virus might be influenced by prior or concurrent infection by another virus. (cdc.gov)
Positive virus‒virus interaction corresponds to a co-infection that might result in an increased disease severity and pathogenesis (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 virus) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Homologous virus‒virus interaction implies that cross-reactive immunity against a first virus prevents infection with a second virus (e.g., among different influenza subtypes or lineages) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The type of virus‒virus interaction (negative or positive) is probably dependent on the respiratory viruses involved, the timing of each infection, and the interplay between the response of the host to each virus. (cdc.gov)
Induction of ISGs by a first virus might limit infection and replication of a second virus, especially if they show a differential ability to induce an IFN response or different degrees of susceptibility to immune mediators. (cdc.gov)
We further show that IAV infection enhances a model cellular ARF translation, which potentially has important implications for virus -induced autoimmunity . (bvsalud.org)
Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Routine screening for hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is not recommended. (cdc.gov)
Defective Epstein-Barr virus in chronic active infection and haematological malignancy. (nih.gov)
Hepatitis B virus infection: Defective surface antigen expression and pathogenesis. (wjgnet.com)
Dowd JB, Palermo T, Brite J, McDade TW, Aiello A. Seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in U.S. children ages 6-19, 2003-2010. (medscape.com)
Behavioral, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with acquisition and severity of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in university students. (medscape.com)
Dunmire SK, Verghese PS, Balfour HH Jr. Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. (medscape.com)
Okuno Y, Murata T, Sato Y, Muramatsu H. Defective Epstein-Barr virus in chronic active infection and haematological malignancy. (medscape.com)
The goal is for harmless TIPs to outnumber flu virus genetic elements so infected cells would generate relatively few infectious viruses and a bumper crop of "dud viruses" with TIP genes, rapidly diluting the harmful viruses and halting the infection, according to DARPA. (rutgers.edu)
Rzew is classified by our malware research team as the DJVU virus infection. (trojan-killer.net)
The acute and chronic consequences of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are major health problems in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain infections and cancers. (msdmanuals.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Infants and Children Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is caused by the retrovirus HIV-1 (and less commonly by the related retrovirus HIV-2). (msdmanuals.com)
Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
This lymphomalike stage is precipitated by viruses, particularly by infection by the Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

For the first time in virology, Fabris and her team will use imaging tools with gold nanoparticles to monitor mutations in the influenza virus, with unprecedented sensitivity, when it enters cells. (rutgers.edu)

The genomes of other chlorella virus isolates are probably co-linear with PBCV-1 and appear to share many, but not all, genes. (uml.edu)

Respiratory specimens were analysed by RT-PCR for rhinovirus, enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus and by PCR for adenovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis . (bmj.com)
The idea behind this study is to place the Ad5 E1 region in cis complementation (i.e., use E1 as a transgene) back into an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus under the control of a prostate-specific promoter (PSP). (hindawi.com)

This protein boosts the production of a virus-fighting molecule called interferon. (newscientist.com)
It's a monkey virus coming out of a monkey cell line and that's the problem, but the spike protein is clearly [causing] the disease. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)
Substitution of Val 113 in Sendai virus (SeV) M protein generates non-functional polypeptides, characterized by their exclusion from virus particles and by their ability to interfere with virus particle production. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Analysis of the Sendai virus M gene and protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Sendai virus M protein is found in two distinct isoforms defined by monoclonal antibodies. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
Many of these genes encode proteins (e.g., enzymes involved in protein glycosylation) rarely associated with viruses. (uml.edu)
Analysis of two highly expressed genes from Chlorella virus PBCV-1: Protein characterization and the DNA sequences of the major capsid protein gene and the early/late 33-kDa protein gene. (uml.edu)
RNA viruses like influenza are coated by a protein-studded membrane envelope, Fabris noted. (rutgers.edu)
Ideally, the TIPs will be introduced into influenza virus populations and compete for protein, so the virus will starve and not be able to reproduce," she said. (rutgers.edu)
The findings, published March 26 in the open-access journal PLOS One , offer what the Johns Hopkins teams says is a first-of-its-kind evidence that a protein that specializes in bacterial detection is also turned on when it sniffs out a virus from the DNA family. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What if people with Crohn's disease were susceptible to CMV not just because of immunosuppressive therapy but because of this defective protein, Boger wondered. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. (bvsalud.org)

These are found in natural infections as part of the virus population within the infected host. (flu.org.cn)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Infections caused by these viruses vary in their epidemiologic features and natural history, including incubation period, routes of transmission, geographic and demographic distribution, patterns of clinical disease, and propensity for becoming chronic. (cdc.gov)
Because chronic HBV and HCV infections are asymptomatic and refugees often come from settings where these viruses are endemic, it is important to consider these infections during the domestic medical screening for newly arrived refugees. (cdc.gov)
Molecular Analysis of Soybean Dwarf Virus Isolates in the Eastern United States Confirms the Presence of Both D and Y Strains and Provides Evidence of Mixed Infections and Recombination. (uml.edu)
The new research provides first-of-its-kind evidence that this receptor also helps fight DNA viruses, known to cause lifelong infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
DNA viruses are known for their ability to cause chronic infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
They present recurrent sinopulmonary and herpes simplex virus infections and poor responses to immunization. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of an increasing antibiotic resistance, it is important to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, for example, during virus infections and simple bacterial infections. (lu.se)

One gene, which protects the body from autoimmune disorders (in which the body attacks itself), also helps secretly usher in viruses by making them undetectable. (livescience.com)
This gene, called the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1, or ADAR1, protects the body from large amounts of the virus, but invites it in if only a small number of viruses knock on the door, the scientists found. (livescience.com)
When the ADAR1 gene is defective, it can't transform some double-stranded RNA produced by the body into single-stranded RNA. (livescience.com)
They then infected cells with either the functioning gene or the deleted gene with different amounts of a measles virus. (livescience.com)
Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
People with a specific mutation (called Δ32) on the CCR5 gene develop defective receptors, so the HIV virus can't enter the cell. (forbes.com)
Putative Gene Promoter Sequences in the Chlorella Viruses. (uml.edu)
The treatment uses a virus to insert a functional piece of DNA into the eyes to override a defective gene. (singularityhub.com)
In this case, it's the RPE65 gene, and the virus is directly injected into the eyes. (singularityhub.com)
Swine inoculated with 109 pfu of a control Ad5 virus lacking the IFN gene and challenged 24 hours later with FMDV developed typical signs of FMD including fever, vesicular lesions, and viremia. (usda.gov)
Once modified, retroviruses can be used for gene therapy as we can use them to target defective genes. (databasefootball.com)

Influenza defective interfering (DI) viruses have long been considered promising antiviral candidates because of their ability to interfere with replication-competent viruses and induce antiviral immunity. (flu.org.cn)
Some versions of these defective viruses are thought to have protective effects through their interference with replication-competent viruses and induction of antiviral immunity. (flu.org.cn)
In a pandemic, a new influenza virus emerges and infects the human population which has little or no pre-existing immunity ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

Tombus virus defective interfering (DI) RNA region 3 is an important cis-regulatory region identified in the 3' UTR of Tombusvirus defective interfering particles (DI). (wikipedia.org)
The replication of cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus defective interfering-satellite RNA hybrid molecules. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Swine given one inoculation of this recombinant virus and then challenged with virulent FMDV one day postinoculation were completely protected from clinical signs of disease and viremia. (usda.gov)

Infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA Red clover necrotic mosaic virus translation enhancer elements Ray D, White KA (2003). (wikipedia.org)
A prospective clinical study of Epstein-Barr virus and host interactions during acute infectious mononucleosis. (medscape.com)
Vetsika EK, Callan M. Infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
Acute kidney injury in symptomatic primary Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis: Systematic review. (medscape.com)
Preliminary results from in vivo experiments indicated that virus with the N27D mutation is infectious at near wt NC levels. (umd.edu)
Infectious transcripts and cDNA clones of RNA viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
On my homepage blog , I gave an update on the Ebola virus which included its definition, its transmission, how it's infectious but not contagious, and conventional treatments. (saratoga.com)

Retroviruses are viruses that contain RNA, the cousin of DNA, which encodes for genes that helps it insert itself into the host DNA. (databasefootball.com)

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)

Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
This review integrates most experimental studies and clinical trials of various oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. (frontiersin.org)

The ancient viruses that are in our DNA are considered human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) and they were once retroviruses that invaded ancestor DNA. (databasefootball.com)
Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses defined by their mechanism of replication via reverse transcription to produce DNA copies that integrate into the host cell's genome. (msdmanuals.com)

Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract and lead to virus‒virus interactions. (cdc.gov)
Several respiratory viruses can circulate during the same period and can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract, leading to virus‒virus interactions. (cdc.gov)
Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)
Research in my lab focuses on the chlorella viruses that infect chlorella-like algae. (uml.edu)
Sequence and Annotation of the 314-Kb MT325 and the 321-kb FR483 Viruses That Infect Chlorella Pbi. (uml.edu)
Sequence and annotation of the 369-kb NY-2A and the 345-kb AR158 viruses that infect Chlorella NC64A. (uml.edu)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)

The replicase proteins p33 and p92 of Cymbidium ringspot virus (CymRSV) were found to support the replication of defective interfering (DI) RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Results from two other forms of HIV-1 NC (NCp9 and NCp15) and NC proteins from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Murine Leukemia Virus are also reported. (umd.edu)

Here, we investigated a new single-cycle flavivirus vaccine, a vertebrate-specific replication-defective ZIKV (VSRD-ZIKV), in a mouse model. (johnshopkins.edu)

Arias A, Lázaro E, Escarmís C, Domingo E (2001) Molecular intermediates of fitness gain of an RNA virus: characterization of a mutant spectrum by biological and molecular cloning. (springer.com)
Molecular cloning and characterization of a Sendai virus internal deletion defective RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Although antiviral drugs such as Oseltamivir are available to control the spread of the virus their effectiveness is limited in treating patients with influenza ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Nor has she succumbed to any other severe viruses, suggesting that IRF7 isn't a widely used antiviral defence in people. (newscientist.com)

We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)

Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Once the sanitary restrictions are lifted, circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses is expected to resume and will offer the opportunity to study their interactions, notably with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (cdc.gov)

Intramembrane structural differentiation in Sendai virus maturation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Microscopy of internal structures of Sendai virus associated with the cytoplasmic surface of host membranes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The rule of six, a basic feature for efficient replication of Sendai virus defective interfering RNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The Sendai virus nucleocapsid exists in at least four different helical states. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Structural components of viruses are sensed by pattern recognition receptors in epithelial and immune cells ( Figure ) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
The data indicate that dividing clonally expanded T cells contain defective proviruses and that the replication-competent reservoir is primarily found in CD4(+) T cells that remain relatively quiescent. (nih.gov)
In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
So neither her immune cells nor her lung cells were able to crank out interferon when exposed to the flu virus. (newscientist.com)
We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
Eventually, however, cells began using DNA, while viruses predominantly began encoding genetic information in RNA. (livescience.com)
The team also infected the cells with a mutated measles virus that carried more double-stranded RNA and watched what happened. (livescience.com)
I think the most surprising aspect of this virus is that it causes vasculitis , but not because it reproduces itself in the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. (medscape.com)
TIPs, like viruses, can enter cells, but they don't replicate unless the cells are also infected with the virus. (rutgers.edu)
Her role will be to provide imaging and quantification methods to study, in cells and eventually animals, which parts of the influenza virus genome have mutated and to what degree. (rutgers.edu)
We demonstrated that cells infected with these viruses express high levels of biologically active IFN. (usda.gov)

Mice that were infected with a mix of wild-type influenza and DI viruses had less intense inflammatory and innate immune responses than did mice that were infected with the wild-type virus only, even when type I or III interferons, which are cytokines that play a prominent role in defending the respiratory epithelial barrier, were absent. (flu.org.cn)
Borrego B, Novella IS, Giralt E, Andreu D, Domingo E (1993) Distinct repertoire of antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the presence or absence of immune selection. (springer.com)
More than this and the immune system notices the virus. (livescience.com)
Measles is not the only virus that can hijack the immune system, and Cattaneo said he hopes to determine the activation thresholds for other viruses, such as the yellow fever virus and the Chikungunya virus (which are both spread by mosquitoes). (livescience.com)
Although healthy adults who carry the virus rarely exhibit symptoms, CMV can cause serious problems in people with certain immune-deficiency disorders, those with advanced HIV, and in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy to treat cancer or prevent organ rejection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Patients are also often more susceptible than others because of their weaker immune systems, defective defence barriers or changes in their normal bacterial flora. (lu.se)

In their Pearl, James Wynne and Lin-Fa Wang focus on bat viruses that have caused zoonotic disease outbreaks in humans and domestic animals. (plos.org)

Typically, the virus attaches to particles or droplets which should be filtered by a MERV 13 filter. (alexanderlaw.com)

In the United States, Dryvax became the first approved vaccinia virus vaccine in 1931. (medscape.com)
Vaccinia virus is the species now characterized as the constituent of smallpox vaccine. (medscape.com)
Chumakov KM, Powers LB, Noonan KE, Roninson IB, Levenbook IS (1991) Correlation between amount of virus with altered nucleotide sequence and the monkey test for acceptability of oral poliovirus vaccine. (springer.com)
I think when you have no commercial experience with a vaccine strategy and you're using that as a way to try to stop a new virus, there will be something of a learning curve. (medscape.com)
So you have this difficult-to-characterize, elusive virus that you are now about to meet with a handful of vaccine strategies for which you have no commercial experience. (medscape.com)
Treasury Sec. Steve Mnuchin, who we hope is working on mass distribution of the ~vaccine~ and not the virus. (upenn.edu)
For more on word-substitution errors like Mnuchin's virus for vaccine , see " Defendants wrongly committed of a crime ", 8/4/2011. (upenn.edu)
Plus, it must be the virus he's talking about, because there's no vaccine to distribute to the masses, yet. (upenn.edu)

Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. (bvsalud.org)
Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus. (bvsalud.org)

During the coronavirus disease pandemic, nonpharmacologic interventions have prevented the circulation of most respiratory viruses. (cdc.gov)

IMPORTANCE During replication, the influenza virus generates genetically defective viruses. (flu.org.cn)

Wang C, Honce R, Salvatore M, Chow D, Randazzo D,. Influenza Defective Interfering Virus Promotes Multiciliated Cell Differentiation and Reduces the Inflammatory Response in Mice . (flu.org.cn)
To better determine the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of these defective interfering (DI) viruses, we tested a DI that we previously identified in vitro with mice. (flu.org.cn)
. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors have been found to have complete mortality protection in mice infected with a lethal dose of Ebola virus (30). (saratoga.com)
An association between MMP-9 and impaired T cell migration in ethanol-fed BALB/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus-2A. (cdc.gov)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

Pathogenesis of rabies in dogs inoculated with an Ethiopian rabies virus strain. (microbiologyresearch.org)

These results demonstrate, for the first time, that a single inoculation of an Ad5-interferon virus can be used as a tool to immediately control FMD in emergency outbreak situations. (usda.gov)

The variola virus causes smallpox and may have begun infecting humans approximately 10,000 years ago. (medscape.com)
HIV-1 originated in Central Africa in the first half of the 20th century, when a closely related chimpanzee virus first infected humans. (msdmanuals.com)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)

In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
Epstein-Barr Virus Epidemiology, Serology, and Genetic Variability of LMP-1 Oncogene Among Healthy Population: An Update. (medscape.com)

1. The Ebola virus was named after the Ebola River where it was first recognized. (saratoga.com)
Interestingly, the Ebola virus is inactivated by UV radiation.12 It certainly isn't the first time sunlight has been shown to be beneficial in the fight against disease, although bacteria appears to be more susceptible to UV radiation than viruses. (saratoga.com)
They're called TIPs and their task would be to infiltrate and outcompete influenza , HIV , Ebola and other viruses. (rutgers.edu)

So far, efforts to develop effective drugs against these viruses have failed, and typical therapy usually relies on symptomatic treatment. (saratoga.com)

They also highlight questions about the interactions between bat viruses and their flying mammalian hosts. (plos.org)

Nevertheless, while Q44R led to recovery of viruses that maintained the mutation, Q44D resulted in selection of infective viruses with substitution D44E with acidic charge but with structural features similar to those of the parental virus, suggesting that Q44 is involved in functions other than 3A dimerization. (asm.org)

Here, using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the structures of FluPol A from human influenza A/NT/60/1968 (H3N2) and avian influenza A/duck/Fujian/01/2002 (H5N1) viruses at a resolution of 3.0-4.3 Å, in the presence or absence of a cRNA or vRNA template. (nature.com)

Negative virus‒virus interaction can be homologous or heterologous depending on whether the 2 viruses belong to the same family or to different serotypes or families. (cdc.gov)

Briones C, Domingo E, Molina-París C (2003) Memory in retroviral quasispecies: experimental evidence and theoretical model for human immunodeficiency virus. (springer.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus. (msdmanuals.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)

Vaccines produced by chemical inactivation of virus are available, but there are concerns about their safety and they do not induce protection prior to about 7 days postvaccination. (usda.gov)

The A312L 5'-UTR of Chlorella Virus PBVC-1 is a Translational Enhancer in Arabidopsis Thaliana. (uml.edu)

These individuals are not benefiting from our scientific discoveries and may continue to transmit the virus to others because their virus is not undetectable. (forbes.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms41

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes15

Information Science3

Viral21

Infection29

Virology1

Genomes1

Adenovirus2

Protein15

Infections9

Gene12

Immunity3

Tombusvirus2

Recombinant1

Infectious7

Genes1

Zika1

Oncolytic viruses2

Retroviruses2

Infect7

Proteins2

ZIKV1

Characterization2

Antiviral2

Influenza viruses1

Replication-competent viruses1

Acute1

Sendai4

Cells11

Immune6

Zoonotic1

Particles1

Vaccine8

Replicate2

Respiratory viruses1

Generates1

Mice6

Pathogenesis1

Inoculation1

Humans3

Epidemiology2

Ebola3

Symptomatic1

Interactions1

Structural1

H5N11

Homologous1

Human4

Induce1

Enhancer1

Undetectable1