Damage recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. Medical search. Frequent questions

Abstract We report a case of sarcoidosis in which the presenting features were hoarseness of voice, hilar lymphadenopathy and paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. (symptoma.com)

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. (wikipedia.org)
The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords, give cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus, and branch to the trachea, esophagus and the inferior constrictor muscles. (wikipedia.org)
The vagus nerves run down into the thorax, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves run up to the larynx. (wikipedia.org)
19 Unlike the other nerves supplying the larynx, the right and left RLNs lack bilateral symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
Damage to the nerves of the larynx can cause hoarseness, difficulty in swallowing or breathing, or the loss of voice. (mountsinai.org)
These anastomoses include nerve connections between the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and RLN in the larynx. (biomedcentral.com)
The Nerves of the Human Larynx. (ijorl.com)
The surgeon finds and takes care not to injure the parathyroid glands and the nerve which is attached to your larynx (voice box). (pdfdrugs.com)
They can sustain damage anywhere along their pathway to the larynx as a result of either direct injury or from compression sustained as a result of swelling or the growth of a cyst/tumour. (symptoma.com)
The hyoid bone, while technically not part of the larynx, provides muscular attachments from above that aid in laryngeal motion. (medscape.com)

Lo C, Kwok F, Yuen P. A prospective evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis during thyroidectomy. (medtronic.com)
We previously reported that local administration of bFGF 1 month after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis compensated for atrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) is caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) dysfunction, including vagal nerve disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
1 patient had bilateral abductor paresis and 1 patient had all bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve injury causing combined paralysis of vocal cord. (ijorl.com)
Although the cord nerves are usually working correctly, the inflammation can give vocal cord paralysis-like signs and symptoms. (symptoma.com)
Individuals with vocal cord paralysis may find the effectiveness of coughing , swallowing or sneezing in removing laryngeal area waste is undermined reduced vocal cord mobility. (symptoma.com)
Bilateral laryngeal paralysis, (11,12) neuromuscular dysfunction in case of tetanus, motor neuron disease, traumatic brain injury and/ or neck injury may compromise breathing that may require mechanical ventilation. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)
Vocal cord paralysis and paresis can result from abnormal function of the nerves that control your voice box muscles (laryngeal muscles). (mynorthtexasent.com)
Unplanned injury during surgery -Surgery in the neck (thyroid gland, carotid artery, cervical spine) or in the chest (lungs, esophagus, heart, or large blood vessels) may cause RLN or SLN paresis or paralysis. (mynorthtexasent.com)
Tumors of the skull base, neck, and chest -Tumors (both cancerous and non-cancerous) can grow around nerves and squeeze them, resulting in varying degrees of paresis or paralysis. (mynorthtexasent.com)

These include sore throat, laryngeal nerve palsy, lingual nerve palsy, alteration of taste/swallowing/ speech, rarely tongue cyanosis or tongue cyanosis with swelling. (ispub.com)
Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operations-principal nerve identification and a literature review. (ijorl.com)
The objectives of this study were to examine the differential palsy rates between the left and right RLNs, and the role of intraoperative nerve swelling as a risk factor of postoperative palsy. (symptoma.com)

After branching, the nerves typically ascend in a groove at the junction of the trachea and esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
86-88 Parasympathetic fibers to segments of the trachea and esophagus in the neck originate in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Electrocautery or ultrasonic dissectors should be used very sparingly in the region of the distal esophagus and the mediastinum to avoid injury. (sls.org)
To investigate a potential esophageal injury, methylene blue can be placed into the distal esophagus via nasogastric tube, or an intraoperative upper endoscopy with air insufflation with the esophagus underwater can be performed. (sls.org)
1 At our centers, intraoperative endoscopy is a very sensitive and effective technique for identification of mucosal injury and adequate insufflation of the distal esophagus and is routinely used. (sls.org)
Complications include pneumothorax especially in children, (17) hemorrhage, damage to the trachea or due to an injury to the paratracheal structures, particularly the carotid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve and esophagus as well as anesthesia related complications (18). (annalsofafricansurgery.com)
Above the aortic arch, thoracic duct into the side of the neck to move across the esophagus, separation should be taken to avoid injury. (cancerlive.net)
There might be injury to the esophagus and a lot of bleeding for this type of injury, but it would do the trick. (blogspot.com)
any crush injury to that area will cause inflammation and injury to the esophagus. (blogspot.com)
This has not happened in the United States of America, where you can do such a procedure and have such complications: leave sponge, knock a hole in someone's esophagus, take out the recurrent laryngeal nerve, take out the vertebral artery and just leave the patient there without any attempt to transfer," he said. (wfaa.com)

NIM ® EMG Tubes provide an open airway for patient ventilation and intraoperative nerve monitoring of both vocal cords. (medtronic.com)
These nerves control the tension of the vocal cords. (pdfdrugs.com)
Any operation on the neck can produce some change in the voice even when there is no injury to the nerves controlling movement of the vocal cords. (pdfdrugs.com)
The nerves that innervate the vocal cords (called the recurrent laryngeal nerves) run on each side of the trachea, or big breathing tube of the neck. (blogspot.com)
Your vocal cords move through the contraction of various muscles controlled by your brain and a specific set of nerves. (mynorthtexasent.com)
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) carries signals to different voice box muscles responsible for opening, closing, and adjusting tension in the vocal cords. (mynorthtexasent.com)

Fibers cross over to and join the vagus nerve in the jugular foramen. (wikipedia.org)
318-323 In roughly 1 out of every 100-200 people, the right inferior laryngeal nerve is nonrecurrent, branching off the vagus nerve around the level of the cricoid cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
Even experienced surgeons find it difficult to visually identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) or vagus nerve during thyroid surgery and other neck dissections. (medtronic.com)

Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is mostly iatrogenic following thyroidectomy. (ijorl.com)

Electrophysiologic recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: international standards guideline statement. (medtronic.com)
But now there is something that can be done to potentially decrease the chance of a vocal cord nerve injury after thyroid and parathyroid surgery! (parathyroid.com)
Dr Norman came up with the idea of using a piece of this membrane a few years ago to protect the vocal cord nerve (recurrent laryngeal nerve) and the normal parathyroid glands during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. (parathyroid.com)
Several companies make human amniotic tissue available to use in surgery but nobody has used amnion/chorion before to see if it would shield and protect the vocal cord nerve from injury following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. (parathyroid.com)
If a patient needs a second operation the audited 2007 BAETS risk of nerve damage rises four fold.Due to the large volume of re-do thyroid and parathyroid surgery and the regular use of intra-operative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring this is not Mr Lynn's experience.One is never complacent! (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)
In addition, I believe that for thyroid and parathyroid surgery, nerve monitoring, intraoperative pathology and intraoperative PTH measurement are essential. (endocrinesurgeon.co.uk)

Each arch develops its own artery, nerve that controls a distinct muscle group, and skeletal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Since the tissue has minimal nerves and blood flow, it barely bleeds, and the patient feels minimal discomfort. (entlubbock.com)
As a result, ES excites distant neural tissue beyond the intended target leading to potential misdiagnosis of nerve functionality and viability. (nature.com)
The amniotic membrane is processed and sterilized and dehydrated into a paper-thin, dry sheet that becomes extremely soft when it gets moist on the tissue surface in the wound when we place it on the nerve. (parathyroid.com)
The incidence of nosebleed ranges from 29% to 96% and can occur from soft tissue injury, lacerations and tears. (airwayjedi.com)
In recent years, researchers have attempted to develop structurally stable and biocompatible nerve guide conduits using tissue engineering technology, including internal and external structural changes, the development of biocompatible materials, and drug release. (ijthyroid.org)
This is removal of all thyroid tissue with preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroids. (houstonendocrine.com)
8 Damage subsequently results from autoimmunity-induced inflammation or tissue deposition of immune complexes. (lww.com)

We present a case report of a patient who developed cyanosis of the tongue during anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway. (ispub.com)
We are describing a case of tongue cyanosis after laryngeal mask airway insertion. (ispub.com)
A size 3 laryngeal mask airway was placed easily, with bilateral equal breath sounds. (ispub.com)
The laryngeal mask airway cuff was inflated with 20 ml air. (ispub.com)
We believe that in our case the laryngeal mask airway was occluding the patients' lingual artery bilaterally. (ispub.com)
In bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, Tracheostomy to be done if airway is compromised. (ijorl.com)
Patients who have sustained craniofacial trauma, laryngeal fracture or mid-face or mandible fracture may require urgent tracheostomy to relieve airway obstruction (7). (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Our study aims at defining need for tracheostomy, timing of intervention and best method to achieve permanent treatment in cases of iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve. (ijorl.com)
5 patients developed bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, of which 3 were multi nodular goiter cases and papillary carcinoma thyroid 2 cases. (ijorl.com)
5 out of 34 (14.7%) patients developed bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. (ijorl.com)

The thyroid is situated on the anterior side of the neck, starting at the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage (just below the laryngeal prominence or Adam's apple ), and extending to the 6th Tracheal ring (C-shaped cartilagenous ring of the trachea). (wikidoc.org)

930-931 The vagus nerves, from which the recurrent laryngeal nerves branch, exit the skull at the jugular foramen and travel within the carotid sheath alongside the carotid arteries through the neck. (wikipedia.org)
Permanent damage to both nerves is very rare but is a serious problem that may have to be treated by putting a permanent tracheostomy (breathing tube) into the windpipe in the neck. (pdfdrugs.com)
This small nerve is located just behind the thyroid gland lobes on each side of the neck. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
For instance, there is a likelihood of the recurrent laryngeal nerve getting spoiled during the surgical procedures on the neck-region. (vikramenthospital.com)
Because the nerve is relatively long and takes a "detour" to the voice box, it can be damaged or compressed by tumors in the neck or chest, or injured after surgery to the neck or chest. (mynorthtexasent.com)
CT scan -A CT scan of the head, neck, and/or chest can be ordered to make sure there is no mass or lesion compressing the nerve along its course in the body. (mynorthtexasent.com)

Temporary (6%) or permanent damage (1% ) to the recurrent laryngeal nerve leads to hoarseness or loss of voice pitch control. (houstonendocrine.com)

Why monitor the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery? (medtronic.com)
Dralle H. Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. (medtronic.com)
He has experience performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), balloon sinuplasty, orbital decompression, optic nerve decompression, dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), endoscopic closure of CSF leaks, and endoscopic pituitary tumor surgery, among other endoscopic nasal and sinus surgical procedures. (indicure.com)
Patients with pathological laryngeal electromyographic findings at least two months after the paresis need laryngeal framework surgery. (ijorl.com)
Lamadé W, Renz K, Willeke F, Klar E, Herfarth C. Effect of training on the incidence of nerve damage in thyroid surgery. (ijorl.com)
Moreover, INIs are also a common source of medicolegal litigation with 60% of INI complications during thyroid surgery leading to malpractice lawsuits and 82% of cases of spinal accessory nerve injury resulting in patient compensation 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
IONM seeks to preserve peripheral nerve function through electrical stimulation (ES) of at risk nerves throughout surgery and examining any changes in the amplitude and latency of the evoked signals that are indicative of damage. (nature.com)
New method may improve nerve healing after thyroid surgery. (parathyroid.com)
The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Shield is the most important development in thyroid surgery in 50 years" Dr Gary Clayman. (parathyroid.com)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a common complication of thyroid surgery that can cause communication disorders, aspiration, and swallowing difficulties. (ijthyroid.org)
If "bruised", the nerve does not work properly after surgery but recovers and returns to normal during the next few days or weeks. (pdfdrugs.com)
The main risk from surgery on the thyroid is injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
Injury to this nerve during surgery can result in a permanent change to the voice, making it sound hoarse (rough) and soft. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
Thyroid surgery involves identifying these nerves and protecting them from injury. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
This system monitors the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during the surgery to help identify these nerves and prevent any injury or damage. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
The other major risk from thyroid surgery is low calcium levels in the bloodstream due to injury to the parathyroid glands. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
Commonly used separation of esophageal and cardiac surgery to avoid injury on the right pleural esophageal c. (cancerlive.net)
The use of Facial Nerve Monitor becomes essential to trim down the potential risks of the nerve impairments that are par for the course of all medical surgeries, including ENT surgery. (vikramenthospital.com)
Whenever there is a possibility of nerve damage, the device alerts the doctors and the technicians who are attending the surgery. (vikramenthospital.com)
Jurors convicted Duntsch Tuesday of injury to an elderly person in the botched July 2012 surgery that put Mary Efurd in a wheelchair. (wfaa.com)

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscles that can open the vocal folds, are innervated by this nerve. (wikipedia.org)
1346-1347 The somatic motor fibers that innervate the laryngeal muscles, and pharyngeal muscles are located in the nucleus ambiguus and emerge from the medulla in the cranial root of the accessory nerve. (wikipedia.org)
This then joins the sublingual vein and passes with the hypoglossal nerve between hypoglossus and mylohyoid muscles to drain into the internal jugular, facial, or lingual vein. (ispub.com)
This important nerve controls the muscles of the voice box. (surgicaloncology.net.au)
Motor nerves are the carriers of signals to the related muscles and the glands, and if damages occur here, the consequences will be critical. (vikramenthospital.com)
Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) -A LEMG test measures electrical currents in the voice box muscles that are the result of nerve signals. (mynorthtexasent.com)

Laryngeal and esophageal trauma. (medlineplus.gov)
Behind the separation of the aortic arch must be close to the esophageal wall so as not to damage the thoracic duct is located deep and recurrent laryngeal nerve and so on. (cancerlive.net)

However, an experiment was conducted on a 44-year-old woman to improve symptoms of nerve damage. (rgshealthcare.com)
Diagnosis of INI is largely dependent on the surgeons' awareness of the injury and its symptoms that develop postoperatively 19 . (nature.com)
The body usually adapts to the damage and symptoms may get better with time. (pdfdrugs.com)

The recurrent laryngeal nerves are the nerves of the sixth pharyngeal arch. (wikipedia.org)

The terminal branch is called the inferior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
A left nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is even more uncommon, requiring the aortic arch be on the right side, accompanied by an arterial variant which prevents the nerve from being drawn into the chest by the left subclavian. (wikipedia.org)
10, 48 In about four people out of five, there is a connecting branch between the inferior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the RLN, and the internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The superior thyroid notch is a V-shaped notch immediately above the laryngeal prominence, while the inferior thyroid notch is less distinct and located in the midline along the base of the cartilage (see the image below). (medscape.com)
It is attached by its stem to the midline of the inner aspect of the thyroid cartilage, about halfway between the angle of the laryngeal prominence and the inferior notch. (medscape.com)

Three hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients with first-time recurrent NPC between January 1999 and July 2005 were included. (hindawi.com)
A retrospective review was conducted on case records of first-time recurrent NPC patients treated at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University between January 1999 and July 2005. (hindawi.com)

1 The VCD can occur because of direct trauma after endotracheal intubation or it can be secondary to damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in its cervical or intrathoracic course. (amrita.edu)

One theory is that the common cold virus may cause nerve inflammation . (symptoma.com)
Viral infections -Inflammation from infections may injure a brain nerve (called the vagus) or its nerve branches to the voice box (RLN and SLN). (mynorthtexasent.com)

It is formed by a right and a left lamina that are separated posteriorly and joined together at an acute angle in the anterior midline, forming the laryngeal prominence, commonly known as the Adam's apple. (medscape.com)

The mechanism incorporated in the facial nerve monitor makes sure to alert the attending physician by means of audio and visual ways as regards the probable nerve dysfunction. (vikramenthospital.com)

The first successful tracheostomy was performed by Antonio Moussa Brasavola for a patient who was suffering from a laryngeal abscess (2,3).Chevalier Jackson revised and refined indications and techniques of the procedure as known today and tracheostomy has become a commonly performed procedure (3). (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Studies show that the rate of RLN injury is under-estimated 1-6 and intraoperative nerve monitoring of the RLN is recommended as a risk-minimizing tool. (medtronic.com)
In surgical procedures where the risk of accidental nerve damage is prevalent, surgeons commonly use electrical stimulation (ES) during intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) to assess a nerve's functional integrity. (nature.com)

Catheter-based intervention is now the preferred therapy for recurrent coarctation when the anatomy permits and necessary skills are available. (medscape.com)
Chapter 25: Surgical Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (p316). (medtronic.com)

Considering that reinnervation of the TA muscle can occur even after UVFP through these anastomoses, it would be ideal if drugs that promote nerve regeneration could be used to treat UVFP. (biomedcentral.com)
Breathing tube/intubation -Though rare, injury to the RLN may occur when breathing tubes are inserted to assist breathing for an extended period of time (in the intensive care unit, for example). (mynorthtexasent.com)

1. The mediastinum is not an organ but is a compartment in the thorax that hosts a number of organs, vessels, nerves, and other structures. (healthliteracyhub.com)

Damage or ligation of the left pulmonary artery or aorta. (scirp.org)
Accidental injuries such as thoracic duct in the operation, but also need reliable ligation to prevent leakage of breast health and continued life-threatening. (cancerlive.net)

The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages. (medscape.com)

so you'd have to make it pretty traumatic, and not just perforate the ear drums, but maybe damage the inner ear structures (the bones) as well. (blogspot.com)

We began using the amniotic membrane on patients who had a thyroid cancer operation where the recurrent laryngeal nerve (vocal cord nerve) was completely dissected and exposed--and therefore at high risk for having a loss of voice post op. (parathyroid.com)
We were amazed that the incidence of vocal cord injury and loss of voice went to zero in our first 50 patients. (parathyroid.com)
We studied these tissues on vocal cord nerves in our patients and tried tissues that had amnion alone or amnion with chorion and the results were hugely different, with the membrane containing the chorion being much better. (parathyroid.com)
Facial Nerve Monitor will be of much advantageous to both the doctors and patients during the time of these surgeries. (vikramenthospital.com)
Patients with different recurrent interval time show different nature behavior. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, improving the recognition of the clinical features of recurrent NPC is of great significance to improving early diagnosis, early treatment, and the long-term survival rate for patients with recurrent NPC. (hindawi.com)
This study summarized and retrospectively analyzed the relevant information of a large sample of patients with first-time recurrent NPC. (hindawi.com)

Injury to the laryngeal nerves is uncommon. (medlineplus.gov)

The nervous content o the superior mediastinum consists of both vagus nerves, phrenic nerves, recurrent laryngeal nerves, and cardiac nerves. (healthliteracyhub.com)

These methods can be categorized into neuraxial local analgesics and opioids, peripheral nerve blocks, and wound infiltration. (medscape.com)
Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)

However, a literature review of complication following the use of LMA's found reports of damage not only to recurrent laryngeal nerve but also to other adjacent nerves namely the hypoglossal and lingual nerve 3 . (ispub.com)

The arteries of the fourth arch, which project between the nerves of the fourth and sixth arches, become the left-sided arch of the aorta and the right subclavian artery. (wikipedia.org)
During growth, these arteries descend into their ultimate positions in the chest, creating the elongated recurrent paths. (wikipedia.org)

There are few case reports of complications associated with the use of laryngeal mask airways LMA\'s. (ispub.com)

Hydman J, Mattsson P. Collateral reinnervation by the superior laryngeal nerve after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. (ijorl.com)

Because of a historical evolutionary accident, our recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the aorta, following a circuitous path that is more than three times as long as it needs to be. (skepdoc.info)

Additionally, the nerves are among the few nerves that follow a recurrent course, moving in the opposite direction to the nerve they branch from, a fact from which they gain their name. (wikipedia.org)
the term "recurrent" from Latin: re- (back) and currere (to run), indicates they run in the opposite direction to the vagus nerves from which they branch. (wikipedia.org)
The recurrent laryngeal nerves branch off the vagus, the left at the aortic arch, and the right at the right subclavian artery. (wikipedia.org)
The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve travels close to the vessels feeding the thyroid gland. (pdfdrugs.com)

Treatment depends on the cause of the injury. (medlineplus.gov)
Treatment depends on the cause and extent of the laryngeal nerve damage. (mountsinai.org)

Our nerve monitoring products and accessories can be used in conjunction with NIM ® Nerve Monitoring Systems during a variety of surgical procedures. (medtronic.com)

Björck G, Margolin G, Måbäck GM, Persson JK, Mattsson P, Hydman J. New animal model for assessment of functional laryngeal motor innervation. (ijorl.com)
Despite extensive knowledge of the pathology and regeneration mechanisms of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, reliable treatments that guarantee complete functional recovery are insufficient. (ijthyroid.org)

Facial Nerve Monitor (FNM) are one of such novel instruments that will trim down the risky nature of ENT surgeries. (vikramenthospital.com)
It is during such cases Facial Nerve Monitor will become highly effective. (vikramenthospital.com)
By using Facial Nerve Monitor, the inadvertent nerve damages can be curtailed considerably. (vikramenthospital.com)
Weakness or disability to facial nerves causes facial debility, lack of sensation, spasms, etc. (vikramenthospital.com)
Even if a single facial nerve gets a small injury during a surgical process, the patient will have to endure the resultant nerve related problems. (vikramenthospital.com)
In addition, during some of the surgical interventions, there is a possibility of facial nerve exposure, and thereby opening up the chances of getting injuries. (vikramenthospital.com)

318-323 Arches 4 and 6 produce the laryngeal cartilages. (wikipedia.org)

A cuff inflated tightly inside the cricoid ring can interrupt blood flow to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, potentially damaging it. (airwayjedi.com)

The superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) carries signals to a small muscle (called the cricothyroid) that controls your pitch. (mynorthtexasent.com)

What is the incidence of cord injury when intubating poorly paralysed cords? (gasbag.net)
It is well-known that intubating through poorly relaxed cords has a high incidence of cord damage. (gasbag.net)

pulmonary hypertension - where high blood pressure develops inside the blood vessels of the lungs, which can damage both the lungs and the heart. (physio-pedia.com)
Superior mediastinum houses organs, blood vessels, and nerves. (healthliteracyhub.com)

This can be a lasting problem or a temporary condition, depending on the damages that have taken place. (vikramenthospital.com)

However, sometimes the damage is permanent. (medlineplus.gov)
The patient did not suffer paraesthesia or any permanent motor or sensory damage of the tongue. (ispub.com)
Hypocalcemia due to surgical primary hypoparathyroidism - this a rare complication that is caused by either transient (up to 49%) or permanent damage (as high as 13%) to the parathyroid glands which control calcium levels in the body. (houstonendocrine.com)
Permanent damage to one of these nerves (risk 1:100) causes a hoarse, croaky and weak voice. (pdfdrugs.com)
In a small percentage of cases the injury to the parathyroid glands is permanent, and the patient needs to stay on regular calcium tablets indefinitely. (surgicaloncology.net.au)

Duntsch damaged his spinal nerves. (wfaa.com)

On the other hand, axonal damage can result in secondary demyelination. (medscape.com)

The nerve of the fourth arch gives rise to the superior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
An extension of the external superior laryngeal nerve that innervates the vocal cord. (ijorl.com)

Maranillo E, León X, Quer M, Orús C, Sañudo JR. Is the external laryngeal nerve an exclusively motor nerve? (ijorl.com)

Anatomy9

Diseases9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Left recurrent laryn1

Larynx10

Paralysis10

Palsy3

Esophagus10

Vocal cords6

Vagus nerve3

Thyroidectomy1

Parathyroid surgery6

Tissue8

Airway7

Bilateral3

Trachea1

Neck6

Hoarseness1

Surgery20

Muscles6

Esophageal2

Symptoms3

Pharyngeal1

Inferior5

19992

Endotracheal intubation1

Inflammation2

Adam's1

Dysfunction1

Tracheostomy1

Intraoperative2

Anatomy2

Occur2

Thorax1

Ligation2

Thyroid cartilage1

Structures1

Patients7

Uncommon1

Cardiac1

Peripheral nerve2

Hypoglossal1

Arteries2

Airways1

Reinnervation1

Aorta1

Branch4

Depends on the cause2

Surgical procedures1

Functional2

Facial6

Cartilages1

Potentially1

Cricothyroid1

Incidence2

Vessels2

Temporary1

Permanent5

Spinal1

Secondary1

Superior2

Motor nerve1