• To date, three clinical distinct phenotypes of endometriosis of the pelvis are recognized: ovarian cysts (endometrioma), peritoneal implants of endometriotic lesions and deep infiltrating endometriosis [1]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Enhancing lesions are divided into three main categories: focus/foci, masses, and areas of non-mass enhancement (1). (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • These lesions are typically stable on follow-up and are considered to be a part of the normal background enhancement pattern in the breast. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • The sensitivity of the test results depends on the ability to completely lavage all regions of the peritoneal cavity and to detect cancer cells being shed into the peritoneal cavity by the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Endometriosis is a common benign and chronic inflammatory gynaecological disease due to functional endometrial glands and stroma in an ectopic location outside the uterine cavity [ 1 ]. (polradiol.com)
  • This drawback is explained by immunological theory, which states that normally refluxed menstrual endometrium is cleared from the peritoneal cavity by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes preventing endometriosis in most cases. (polradiol.com)
  • However, there is reduced immunological clearance of refluxed endometrium from the peritoneal cavity, causing endometriosis in some women with immune system dysfunction. (polradiol.com)
  • Small-bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a diffusely thickened bowel wall. (medscape.com)
  • Women with higher risk of ovarian cancer also have increased risk of peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The management of peritoneal carcinoma is similar to that of epithelial cancers of ovarian and fallopian tube, due to similar clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • Epithelial cancers of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal origin are known as epithelial ovarian cancer in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal cancers, some of which have been implicated in many cases of carcinomas of unknown primary origin, include ovarian cancer arising in women several years after bilateral oophorectomy. (medscape.com)
  • CT findings in patients with malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas range from peritoneum-based masses (a so-called "dry" appearance) to ascites, irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening, and an omental mass (a so-called "wet" appearance). (medscape.com)
  • Other described primary peritoneal cancers and tumors include malignant mesothelioma, benign papillary mesothelioma, desmoplastic small round cell tumors, peritoneal angiosarcoma, leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD), and peritoneal hemangiomatosis. (medscape.com)
  • Secondary peritoneal carcinomas usually invade locally or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs. (medscape.com)
  • Peritoneal neoplasia can originate de novo from the peritoneal tissues (primary) or invade or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs (secondary). (medscape.com)
  • On CT, it appears as a well-defined or ill-defined mass showing heterogenous enhancement usually in the portal venous phase and it may infiltrate the adjacent organs. (sajr.org.za)
  • The spleen, sometimes called "the forgotten organ" of the abdomen, has received less attention than other abdominal solid organs, as splenic diseases are less common and frequently clinically asymptomatic [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinoma usually manifests as abdominal distention and diffuse nonspecific abdominal pain secondary to ascites. (medscape.com)
  • Direct visualization of the peritoneal surfaces along with palpation of the abdominal contents is by far the most sensitive modality for detecting peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Open abdominal exploration and palpation are extremely sensitive for 1- to 2-mm peritoneal nodules. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, US is widely used and frequently chosen as the first imaging modality for most abdominal imaging, both for general abdominal examinations and for patients suspected of having splenic diseases. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • The image on the far left is a juvenile fibroadenoma - it is oval in shape and has smooth margins, i.e. typically benign. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive imaging findings while others have similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. (sajr.org.za)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive modality that helps in non-invasive diagnosis, with excellent delineation of the disease extent, and thus provides a presurgical mapping of the disease, which is helpful for the operating surgeon [ 6 ]. (polradiol.com)
  • Peritoneal carcinomas are divided into primary and secondary peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinomas originate from the cells lining the peritoneum. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal cancer has been linked to certain variants of BRCA1/2 . (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinoma is treated with tumor debulking followed by chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, or cisplatin. (medscape.com)
  • Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. (sajr.org.za)
  • Defects in the primary cilia are linked to a wide spectrum of human diseases, collectively termed ciliopathies. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • FIGURE 339-1 Scheme of the primary cilium and cystic kidney disease proteins. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Conclusion: Polypoid endometriosis is a very rare disease but should be taken into account in postmenopausal women with use of tamoxifen or hormonal therapy. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of fertile women [1], up to 50% of women with infertility problems and up to 70% of women with chronic pelvic pain [2]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Due to its nature as an estrogen dependent disease, endometriosis usually resolves in menopause because of decreasing hormone levels. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. (medscape.com)
  • They demonstrate various contrast enhancement patterns including early peripheral enhancement because of vascular tissue ( Figure 1 ), delayed central enhancement of the fibrotic components, heterogenous, homogenous and absent enhancement. (sajr.org.za)
  • The polycystic kidney diseases are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders and a leading cause of kidney failure. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Also, it expanded the horizons for Treating various Spinal Diseases & Disorders, which was not much possible earlier. (drpuravpatel.com)
  • Just as in mammography and ultrasound, we look at its shape, its margins and its internal characteristics: this includes its T1- and T2-characteristics as well its enhancement pattern. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • are areas of enhancement without a detectable three-dimensional mass. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Features of non-mass enhancement include its distribution, its internal enhancement pattern, and whether the enhancement is symmetric or asymmetric. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • Volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), patients' demographics, selected CIs like lithiasis, cancer, and other diseases, and protocols' parameters were retrospectively recorded for 198 CTUs conducted on a Toshiba Aquilion Prime 80 scanner. (bvsalud.org)
  • The autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is rarer but affects the pediatric population. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • For the three-phase protocol, the CTDIvol(mGy) and DLP (mGy.cm) were 22.7/992 for the whole group, 23.4/992 for lithiasis, 22.8/1037 for cancer, and 21.2/981 for other diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • A significant difference was found in CTDIvoland DLP between the two protocols, among the phases of three-phase (except cancer) and four-phase protocols (except DLP for other diseases), and in DLP between the second and third phases (except for cancer group). (bvsalud.org)
  • Evaluation of the mesentery is often neglected during routine ultrasound (US) because of inadequate training and unfamiliarity with the common US features encountered with mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • The autosomal dominant form of polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life-threatening monogenic disease, affecting 12 million people worldwide. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Focus (or when multiple, foci) is an area of enhancement measuring less than 5 mm in diameter which is too small to characterize. (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • The smooth borders suggest a submucosal process. (medscape.com)
  • However, to the authors' knowledge, there are not enough up-to-date ultrasonographic imaging reviews of splenic diseases [ 2 - 5 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • It has a crescent shape with a smooth outer convexity and a nodulous inner margin ( Fig. 1 ) [ 3 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • CT findings in patients with malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas range from peritoneum-based masses (a so-called "dry" appearance) to ascites, irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening, and an omental mass (a so-called "wet" appearance). (medscape.com)
  • Abdominal scanner showed nodular thickening of the fundus of the gallbladder and fusiform dilation of the cystic duct and the main bile duct (VBP) with lesion of the tail of the pancreas, initially suggesting mucinous cystadenoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Peritoneal carcinomas are divided into primary and secondary peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Standard imaging tests, including ultrasonography and helical CT scans, are notably insensitive for the detection of peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with proximal tumors (neck/cystic duct) were often in a more advanced stage and had more aggressive tumor biological features as well as a worse prognosis compared with those with distal tumors (fundus/body). (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, the observation was even more obvious between cystic duct and non-cystic duct tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • EHBDR had no obvious survival advantage even in those with cystic duct tumor and was even harmful in those with distal tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on papillary tumors around the cystic duct detected using the SpyGlass DS II Direct Visualization System (SpyGlass DS), ICPN was suspected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinoma usually manifests as abdominal distention and diffuse nonspecific abdominal pain secondary to ascites. (medscape.com)
  • A pelvic imaging study, if there is clinical suspicion of peritoneal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • The management of peritoneal carcinoma is similar to that of epithelial cancers of ovarian and fallopian tube, due to similar clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • We here report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the bile duct (BD) complicating a cystic dilatation of the bile ducts in a 54-year-old woman hospitalized for biliary pancreatitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) en face. (medscape.com)
  • Secondary peritoneal carcinomas usually invade locally or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs. (medscape.com)
  • Myasthenia gravis accounts for 25-30% of the secondary cases.10,20,21 In some cases of myasthenia gravis, regurgitation and weight loss may be the only presenting signs of the disease, whereas in most other cases of acquired secondary megaesophagus regurgitation is but one of many clinical signs including peripheral muscle weakness. (canine-megaesophagus.com)
  • Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon disease in the majority of the world despite being the most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tree. (hindawi.com)
  • This paper adds to the body of existing literature in gallbladder carcinomas to enhance awareness of this uncommon but otherwise potentially curable disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a gallbladder tumor spreading into the cystic duct confluence accompanying PBM. (bvsalud.org)
  • Congenital cystic disease of the biliary tree is a known risk factor for gallbladder cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Airway smooth muscle (ASM), apart from its contractile properties, is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma by producing inflammatory mediators. (atsjournals.org)
  • Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation, which is unique in that the airway wall is infiltrated by T lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages/monocytes, mast cells, and sometimes by neutrophils ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
  • Among these individuals, airway smooth muscle (ASM) is subject to a dominant pathologic change. (atsjournals.org)
  • Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. (medscape.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Proximal GBC had more aggressive tumor biological features, and a worse prognosis versus distal GBC and cystic duct tumor can be regarded as an independent prognostic factor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Women with higher risk of ovarian cancer also have increased risk of peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The sensitivity of the test results depends on the ability to completely lavage all regions of the peritoneal cavity and to detect cancer cells being shed into the peritoneal cavity by the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Having a larger proportion of the population in the older age groups means a higher prevalence of visual impairment because vision loss predominantly results from age-related diseases and disorders. (safetoseas.com)
  • A systematic approach is presented to grade disease activity resulting in a simple classification of mild, moderate and severe disease. (radiologyassistant.nl)