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Second‐order cybStuart UmplebyWienerCybernetic20212019MechanismsDerivesControlMeadDevelopmentsFocusesInterdisciplinaryOriginsDefinitionsNotablyLoopsTermBoundariesResearchersBiologyCollectDevelopsRegulationDynamicsGovernorOccurArtificialSocialDialogueScienceLoopOscillationGeneralSystemBookWordSocietyHistoricalResearchFamilyIndividualsInternational ConferenceIdeaComputerModel
Second‐order cyb6
  • In 1974, Heinz von Foerster articulated the distinction between a first‐ and second‐order cybernetics, as, respectively, the cybernetics of observed systems and the cybernetics of observing systems. (emerald.com)
  • It has provided a foundation for the research programme that is second‐order cybernetics. (emerald.com)
  • Thanks are also due to Kitty Verrips of SISWO, who commented specifically on the potential usefulness of second-order cybernetics for sociological theorizing, and to the members of SISWO's Working Group on Sociocybernetics where this paper was first presented, especially to discussants Cor van Dijkum and Loet Leydesdorff. (critcrim.org)
  • The issue here is that second-order cybernetics originated in reaction to what were seen as the deficiencies of first-order cybernetics, and has the tendency - as often happens - to create its own niche by overstressing the differences with first-order cybernetics. (critcrim.org)
  • In order to clarify the differences between the two, we will do the same, with the caveat that they are largely a matter of relative stress, and that much of what is now known as second-order cybernetics was already adhered to by first-order cyberneticians. (critcrim.org)
  • Earlier this week I gave a talk at the U of Vienna on Second Order Cybernetics. (phibetaiota.net)
Stuart Umpleby1
  • Downloadable Document: 2011 AAAS Security Policy & Cybernetics Dr. Stuart Umpleby As I understand it, the fundamental problem with secret intelligence is too much self-reference and too little peer review. (phibetaiota.net)
Wiener6
  • Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine is a book written by Norbert Wiener and published in 1948. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1948, Norbert Wiener published his book "Cybernetics" in which he developed a theory of communication and control. (netlingo.com)
  • Wiener had in mind a more explicit definition, which he stated boldly in the full title of his book, Cybernetics: or control and communication in the animal and the machine. (kk.org)
  • From Russell and Hilbert to Wiener and Harari: The Disturbing Origins of Cybernetics and Transhumanism As I outlined in my previous article on the Clash of the Two Systems, the end of the 19th century saw a major clash between two opposing paradigms of political economy which has largely been scrubbed out of history books. (phibetaiota.net)
  • Wiener (who had graduated from Tufts in 1909 at age 14) argued that the central issue could be labeled "cybernetics" (Wiener & Rosenblueth 1947). (peterlevine.ws)
  • For Wiener, the basic question was how any person, another animal, a machine, or a society attempts to direct itself while receiving feedback. (peterlevine.ws)
Cybernetic6
  • It has provided an architecture for the discipline of cybernetics, one that, in true cybernetic spirit, provides order where previously there was variety and disorder. (emerald.com)
  • The flow of information, from sensing to comparing, to choosing, acting, and back again to sensing, is known as Cybernetic Feedback Loops and is depicted in figure above. (quintechsys.com)
  • In modern terms "cybernetic theory" basically means "you evolve really fast when you have feedback. (netlingo.com)
  • The priming of the system and the channels of communication between systems have been carefully designed and engineered and can be summarized as a series of feedback loops within the more generic cybernetic set previously described. (archdaily.com)
  • The central thesis of this paper, therefore, is that behavioral cybernetics provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding human-computer interaction as a social cybernetic process. (cdc.gov)
  • A social cybernetic model of human-computer interaction is then outlined, which specifies how human and machine are reciprocally yoked to one another through mutual, linked tracking and control of sensory feedback across the interface. (cdc.gov)
20211
20191
Mechanisms5
  • It is the first public usage of the term "cybernetics" to refer to self-regulating mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, cybernetics is concerned with discovering what mechanisms control systems, and in particular, how systems regulate themselves. (netlingo.com)
  • In cybernetics this metaphor is implemented in the 'closed loop', the circular arrangement of feedback mechanisms that maintain a given value within certain limits. (wikiquote.org)
  • The topics of the first post-War Macy Conference (March 1946) included "Self-regulating and teleological mechanisms," "Simulated neural networks emulating the calculus of propositional logic," "Anthropology and how computers might learn how to learn," "Object perception's feedback mechanisms," and "Deriving ethics from science. (peterlevine.ws)
  • Cybernetics: Circular causal and feedback mechanisms in biological and social systems. (bvsalud.org)
Derives2
  • As has been noted by many writers, cybernetics derives from the Greek for "steersman" -- a pilot that steers a ship. (kk.org)
  • The term cybernetics derives from the Greek word for steersman, and could thus roughly be translated as the art of steering. (critcrim.org)
Control12
  • This paper deals with a solution to the controllable task of continuous-time system using dynamic state feedback control with included differentiator, where the system has relative degree strictly less than order of system. (zcu.cz)
  • Feedback loops are building blocks of control systems that enable the system to continuously evaluate its status against its target, find options to correct its course to get closer to the target, and probe again to check the effect of its actions in closing in its target, evaluate the deviation, and on it goes until the target is achieved. (quintechsys.com)
  • Originally the study of biological and artificial control systems, cybernetics has evolved into many disparate areas of research and study, including computer science, social philosophy, and epistemology. (netlingo.com)
  • He coined the term "cybernetics" to elaborate on the existing theory of the transmission of messages by incorporating his idea that people send messages within a system in effort to control their surrounding environment. (netlingo.com)
  • This aspect of control relation is known as feedback . (ac.be)
  • The concept of control is the cornerstone of cybernetics . (ac.be)
  • It is my thesis that the physical functioning of the living individual and the operation of some of the newer communication machines are precisely parallel in their analogous attempts to control entropy through feedback. (todayinsci.com)
  • When the notion of feedback control was packaged with the flexibility of electronic circuits, they married into a tool anyone could use. (kk.org)
  • For example, the development of estimation and control methods is a key task in quantum cybernetics, and the capability of feedback for enhancing robustness of quantum systems is worth deeper investigation. (ieeesmc.org)
  • Bernard's prolific experimental investigations were also responsible for correlating nervous action with the control of metabolism, circulation and respiration, thus introducing the revolutionary concept (for the time) of feedback control loops, or how certain systems work as homeostatic devices. (cerebromente.org.br)
  • This gave birth, a hundred years later, to cybernetics, the science of system control. (cerebromente.org.br)
  • With its dynamic software control capabilities, today's computer represents the first mechanical device in history with the potential for adaptive, integrated control of multiple modalities of sensory feedback from both itself and its human partner. (cdc.gov)
Mead1
  • Between 1946 and 1953, the leading cybernetics researchers participated in a series of government-sponsored think-tank sessions known as the Macy Conferences, which drew participants from the top ranks not only of the "hard" sciences, but also social scientists such as Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, with the goal of applying cybernetics to "biological and social systems. (theanarchistlibrary.org)
Developments5
  • In this paper, the author gives a brief account of the developments in cybernetics that lead to von Foerster's making his distinction. (emerald.com)
  • We therefore certainly cannot and do not claim that cybernetics as a whole forms a challenge to sociology as a whole, but do argue that it would be an intellectually stimulating and profitable experience for many sociologists to get acquainted with some of the more recent developments in cybernetics. (critcrim.org)
  • Nevertheless, and in spite of the above caveats, it seems worth while to reconnoiter what recent developments in cybernetics could mean for sociology. (critcrim.org)
  • Recent developments in cybernetics, however, have increasingly concentrated on the analysis of interacting processes, including even the observers of these processes, and thus the possibility of a potentially fertile theory transfer should certainly not be excluded. (critcrim.org)
  • Much happened then, including the first great wave of decolonization and the solidification of democratic welfare states in Europe, but I'm especially interested in the intellectual and technological developments that bore the (now obsolete) label of "cybernetics. (peterlevine.ws)
Focuses1
  • Social cybernetics focuses upon the reciprocal feedback interactions between two or more individuals in a group setting. (cdc.gov)
Interdisciplinary3
  • Quantum cybernetics provides the framework for a fundamental and interdisciplinary investigation on the role of quantum effects on regulating quantum and classical systems, and developing new quantum technology. (ieeesmc.org)
  • an interdisciplinary practice that describes systems with interacting components, applicable to biology, cybernetics and other fields. (wikiquote.org)
  • The term "cybernetics" had named a truly interdisciplinary field. (peterlevine.ws)
Origins1
Definitions1
Notably1
  • Applications of cybernetics are widespread, notably In the computer and information sciences, in the natural and social sciences, in politics, education and management. (asc-cybernetics.org)
Loops2
  • This team recognized that self-reinforcing and self-correcting feedback loops occur in many fields, including neurology, evolutionary biology and even mechanical and electrical systems. (psychcentral.com)
  • They applied those observations to psychology, suggesting that as people in families communicate with each other, they respond in similar feedback loops. (psychcentral.com)
Term2
  • And delivering tough feedback that's difficult to hear but that I know will help people-and the team-in the long term. (todayinsci.com)
  • To describe their new understanding of family dynamics, they adopted the term cybernetics . (psychcentral.com)
Boundaries2
  • Because numerous systems in the living, social and technological world may be understood in this way, cybernetics cuts across many traditional disciplinary boundaries. (asc-cybernetics.org)
  • 1) We are comparing two fields which both have a large degree of internal differentiation and fuzzy boundaries: cybernetics and sociology. (critcrim.org)
Researchers1
  • One of the important goals of this technical committee is to provide a forum for exchanging achievements and ideas among worldwide researchers in the emerging area of quantum cybernetics, as well as provide strong support for young scientists to build next generation of scientific community. (ieeesmc.org)
Biology1
Collect1
  • Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. (cybsoc.org)
Develops2
  • Media Cybernetics develops image analysis software products that simplify and enhance image-based data collection and analysis for those who wish to increase accuracy and automate research, development, and quality processes. (mediacy.com)
  • feedback arises while each block develops his own internal equilibrium. (archdaily.com)
Regulation2
  • Cybernetics takes as its domain the design or discovery and application of principles of regulation and communication. (asc-cybernetics.org)
  • Darwinists are right to say that selection favours the organisms that leave alive the most progeny, but vigorous growth takes place within a constrained space where feedback from the environment allows the emergence of natural self-regulation. (todayinsci.com)
Dynamics1
  • I continue to want cybernetics to be talked about as a dynamic set of ideas, a dynamics that is realized in dialogue among humans. (asc-cybernetics.org)
Governor1
  • What is usually not mentioned is that cybernetics was also used in ancient Greece to denote a governor of a country. (kk.org)
Occur1
  • The abstract and often formal mathematical nature of its aim … makes cybernetics applicable to any empirical domain in which processes of communication and their numerous correlates occur. (asc-cybernetics.org)
Artificial1
  • 2015 Robert Steele: Applied Collective Intelligence - Can Evolutionary Cybernetics Leverage Distributed Human Intelligence While Advancing Artificial Intelligence? (phibetaiota.net)
Social2
  • 2) Over the last few decades, cybernetics and the social sciences have started influencing one another, although still to a limited extent. (critcrim.org)
  • The Social Cybernetics of Human Interaction With Automated Systems. (cdc.gov)
Dialogue1
  • Art and technology' has often been an arena for dialogue with the metaphysical promises of engineering, cybernetics, cutting edge media and so on. (frieze.com)
Science4
  • That is, I want the label 'cybernetics' to attract people who have an interest in both the subject and practice of conversation, and of creating the 'new' out of this form of dynamic interaction, irrespective of whether their interests are in electronics, life, society, or mind, and whether they come from science, art, or politics. (asc-cybernetics.org)
  • Within political science, immediately following the sub-subcategory of Diplomacy, Ampere listed the science of Cybernetics, that is, the science of governance. (kk.org)
  • Media Cybernetics has worked directly with customers in the Life Science and Materials Research fields over the past year to develop the most meaningful new features necessary for sophisticated 2D or 3D image analysis. (mediacy.com)
  • The science of behavioral cybernetics deals with the analysis of human behavior as a closed-loop, self-governed process. (cdc.gov)
Loop4
  • The flow continues and feeds back into the system to form a continuous loop: A Feedback Loop. (quintechsys.com)
  • Whenever we happen to look in a feedback loop, we find the present act pitted against the immediate past, but already on the way to being compensated itself by the immediate future. (wikiquote.org)
  • When expressed in healthy ways, either type of feedback loop results in growth and positive change. (psychcentral.com)
  • I mean, it's like the perfect encapsulation of cybernetics, the ideal feedback loop. (adactio.com)
Oscillation1
General2
  • Cybernetics seeks to develop general theories of communication within complex systems. (asc-cybernetics.org)
  • As to cybernetics, it is used here rather loosely as referring to a set of related approaches: general systems theory, information theory, catastrophe theory, some forms of model-building by means of simulation, and lately chaos theory. (critcrim.org)
System7
  • Negative feedback occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of a system. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the overall feedback of the system is negative, then the system will tend to be stable . (wikipedia.org)
  • Cybernetics asked us to stop looking at problematic behaviors of individuals in a family and instead to consider the family as a "system," an organic and ecological whole whose members are in constant communication with and reaction to each other. (psychcentral.com)
  • Cybernetics has always concentrated on both: the results of input-output transformation processes may be explained by the structure of the system, while that structure can in turn be conceived as the resultant of previous processes. (critcrim.org)
  • Cybernetics is an advanced form of mechanism, but it is still mechanism, which I consider a poor metaphor for any living system-a metaphor missing the system's very essence. (phibetaiota.net)
  • In today's world of instant communication it was important for Media Cybernetics to build a system capable of sending customer feedback directly from the software to Media Cybernetics developers", stated Anthony Santerelli, Director of Global Marketing. (mediacy.com)
  • Multiple feedback cycles are provoked within the components of the system, with the gallery environment and within the city itself. (archdaily.com)
Book2
  • Wiener's startling ideas sailed into the public mind, even though few could comprehend his book, by means of the wonderfully colorful name he coined for both his perspective and the book: Cybernetics. (kk.org)
  • The result of Wiener's book was that the notion of feedback penetrated almost every aspect of technical culture. (kk.org)
Word3
  • Use the word 'cybernetics', Norbert, because nobody knows what it means. (asc-cybernetics.org)
  • The word "cybernetics" was first used in the context of "the study of self-governance" by Plato in The Laws to signify the governance of people. (netlingo.com)
  • Plato attributes Socrates as saying, "Cybernetics saves the souls, bodies, and material possessions from the gravest dangers," a statement that encompasses both shades of the word. (kk.org)
Society3
Historical1
  • The ASC Bookstore is the Society's channel for offering historical and hard to find cybernetics materials to the public at a modest price. (asc-cybernetics.org)
Research3
  • Member: International Federation for Systems Research (IFSR), affiliated: World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics (WOSC). (cybsoc.org)
  • The goal of our TC is to provide a forum for idea exchange in the emerging research area of quantum cybernetics. (ieeesmc.org)
  • In the hopes of developing better weapons guidance systems (and other goodies to win the Cold War and the Space Race), the US government funded extensive research into applications of cybernetics, a school of information theory. (theanarchistlibrary.org)
Family1
  • As the newest addition of Media Cybernetics' family of image analysis products, Image-Pro Premier 3D 9.2 delivers customers a simplified platform for next level 2D and 3D image analysis. (mediacy.com)
Individuals2
  • Despite its short history, cybernetics has developed a concern with a wide range of processes involving people as active organizers, as sharing communicators, and as autonomous, responsible individuals. (asc-cybernetics.org)
  • Thus, in modern times, it primarily refers to the fact that "businesses and individuals can evolve more rapidly when you have feedback" such as comments, reviews, and email replies. (netlingo.com)
International Conference1
Idea1
Computer1
Model1
  • According to Varela, Thompson, and Rosch, the ferment and diversity of the first wave of cybernetics was lost when a single model became temporarily dominant. (peterlevine.ws)