• Connexin43 (Cx43) is a major gap junction protein in glial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transfected connexin45 alters gap junction permeability in cells expressing endogenous connexin43. (silverchair.com)
  • Connexin43 (Cx43) channels allow intercellular transfer of Lucifer Yellow (LY, MW = 443 D), while connexin45 (Cx45) channels do not. (silverchair.com)
  • In multiple disease states the connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannel protein is overexpressed and the hemichannel opens prematurely allowing for ATP to enter the extracellular space. (ois.net)
  • 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits gap junctional communication in many cell culture systems, but TPA-induced phosphorylation of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) varies much between systems. (pure.fo)
  • Furthermore we aim to improve the electrophysiological properties of the myocardial scar by cell- or gene-therapeutic based (over-)expression of the gap junction protein Connexin43 within the lesion area in order to reduce post-infarct ventricular arrhythmias. (uni-bonn.de)
  • Like other wound healing problems, chondrocytes from OA patients show a chronic raise inside the transmembrane channel protein connexin43 (Cx43). (5htreceptor.com)
  • Ai XL, Chi Q, Qiu Y, Li HY, Li DJ, Wang JX, Wang ZY (2017) Gap junction protein connexin43 deregulation contributes to bladder carcinogenesis via targeting MAPK pathway. (edu.pl)
  • Andrysik Z, Prochazkova J, Kabatkova M, Umannova L, Simeckova P, Kohoutek J, Kozubik A, Machala M, Vondracek J (2013) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated disruption of contact inhibition is associated with connexin43 downregulation and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication. (edu.pl)
  • Benassi MS, Picci P, Krenacs T (2015) Prognostic impact of reduced connexin43 expression and gap junction coupling of neoplastic stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone. (edu.pl)
  • To evaluate the regulation of connexin expression by fluid pressure, we have studied the effects of elevated transmural urine pressure on Connexin43 (Cx43) and Cx26. (unige.ch)
  • As shown by examination of semi-thin and ultrathin sections, cell surface occupied by the basal ES connecting neighboring Sertoli cells and the number of gap and tight junctions coexisting with the basal ES were apparently reduced in flutamide-treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • its structural components include not only tight junctions (TJs), but also gap junctions (GJs) and atypical adherens junctional complexes - ectoplasmic specialization (ES) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results indicate that the alterations of tight junctions in pluripotent culture precede the beginning of differentiation. (northwestern.edu)
  • Most human tumors are deficient in gap junctional communication (GJC) and restoration of GJC by forced expression of connexins reduces indices of neoplasia. (nih.gov)
  • Many cells express multiple connexins, the gap junction proteins that interconnect the cytosol of adjacent cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Transfection of Cx45tr and Cx45 had different effects in ROS cells, consistent with a role of the carboxyl-terminal domain of Cx45 in determining gap junction permeability or interactions between connexins. (silverchair.com)
  • [ 7 ] Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that assemble into hexameric hemichannels and form gated intercellular gap junction channels. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, genetic and pharmacologic studies revealed the role of connexins, and in particular Cx43, in the differentiation and function of all bone types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, these same connexins (Cx46, Cx45 and Cx43) are all found in the bone where they have the potential to create different types of channels with unique abilities to pass ions and small molecules as well as be regulated by pH, voltage, and posttranslational modifications [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There have been three types of gap junctional proteins (connexins) identified in the mammalian lens: Cx43, Cx46, Cx50. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
  • Using mice harboring Gja1 mutants that interfere with either the channel or signaling function of Cx43, we are currently studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which connexins modulate skeletal homeostasis and bone modeling during adaptive responses to hormonal and mechanical stimuli. (wustl.edu)
  • We chose to focus on these two proteins out of the five connexins (Cx26, 43, 40, 37, and 45) which we found by RT-PCR to be expressed in the rat bladder, since in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence showed that Cx43 is the predominant connexin expressed by smooth muscle cells (SMC), whereas Cx26 is abundantly expressed only in the latter cell type. (unige.ch)
  • While there are 29 predicted phosphorylation sites in the TBX3 protein only the SP190, SP692 and S720 have been fully characterized. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, Cx43 can be phosphorylated by Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) to increase the efficiency of gap junction assembly, while phosphorylation by ERK or PKC can destabilize gap junctions. (fredhutch.org)
  • Immunoblotting of protein extracts from hearts of young and old WT and Cx43 CK1 animals revealed that in the absence of CK1-mediated phosphorylation of Cx43, phosphorylation of Cx43 by ERK is increased and ERK itself showed higher levels of activation. (fredhutch.org)
  • In vitro experiments of single amino acid mutagenesis and GST-pulldown assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Cx43 at Serine 330 by CK1 prevents the interaction with ERK. (fredhutch.org)
  • Further, in the absence of CK1-mediated Cx43 phosphorylation, Cx43 interacted with NDRG1, a stress-inducible protein downstream of Akt that promotes survival. (fredhutch.org)
  • Thus the interaction of Cx43 with ERK and NDRG1 in absence of CK1-mediated phosphorylation is critical for the cells to survive ischemia/reperfusion. (fredhutch.org)
  • Here we report that SRPTEKT-Hdc inhibition of Ca 2+ -wave propagation, dye coupling, and dye uptake depended on the functional configuration of Cx43 as determined by phosphorylation at serine 368 (S368). (azregents.edu)
  • Ca 2+ -wave propagation was enhanced in MDCK cells expressing single-site mutants of Cx43 that mimicked (MDCK43-S368D) or favored (MDCK43-S365A) phosphorylation at S368. (azregents.edu)
  • The initial discovery of protein phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism for the control of glycogen metabolism has led to intense interest of protein phosphorylation in regulating protein function (Cohen et al. (ecu.edu)
  • Experiments with the general PKC inhibitor GF109203X and the PKCα (and β/γ) inhibitor Gö6976 suggested that both classical (α) and novel PKCs (δ and ε) might be involved in TPA-induced suppression of intercellular communication, while phosphorylation of Cx43 may mainly be mediated by PKCα in the present systems. (pure.fo)
  • In addition, the increase in the P3/P0 density ratio induced by a high glucose level was restored to the control level by both staurosporine and calphostin C. These results suggest that the high glucose level induced the inhibition of GJIC activity in cultured VSMCs through excessive phosphorylation of Cx43, mediated by PKC activation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2013) Connexin Multisite Phosphorylation: Mass spectrometry‐based Proteomics Fills the Gap . (brandonu.ca)
  • ZO-1 interacts with the actin cytoskeleton, gap, and adherens junction proteins and localizes to intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes. (northwestern.edu)
  • In the present study we evaluated in vivo and in vitro effects of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) on the expression and distribution of adherens and gap junction proteins, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and connexin 43 (Cx43), in testes of seasonally breeding rodents, bank voles. (edu.pl)
  • Effects of OP appeared to be independent of FSH and were maintained during in vitro organ culture, indicating that OP acts directly on adherens and gap junction proteins in the testes. (edu.pl)
  • Taken together, in bank vole organization of adherens and gap junctions and their susceptibility to OP are related to the length of photoperiod. (edu.pl)
  • Cadherins are an integral part of adherens junctions, which mediate cell-cell adhesion. (wustl.edu)
  • The therapy of target cells with EVs containing Cx43 led to a considerable increase in Cx43 mRNA and protein levels. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Further analysis revealed that these changes were accounted for by a fourfold increase in Cx43 mRNA of SMC but not urothelial cell and by a fivefold increase in Cx26 mRNA of urothelium. (unige.ch)
  • Neither class of compound required protein synthesis for induction of Cx43 mRNA, nor was the 5.0 h half-life of Cx43 mRNA altered, indicating direct transcriptional activation. (nih.gov)
  • Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • We transfected full-length or truncated chicken Cx45 into a rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS-17/2.8, which expresses endogenous Cx43. (silverchair.com)
  • Both forms of Cx45 were expressed at high levels and colocalized with Cx43 at plasma membrane junctions. (silverchair.com)
  • Cells transfected with full-length Cx45 (ROS/Cx45) and cells transfected with Cx45 missing the 37 carboxyl-terminal amino acids (ROS/Cx45tr) showed 30-60% of the gap junctional conductance exhibited by ROS cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Thus, introduction of Cx45 altered intercellular coupling between cells expressing Cx43, most likely the result of direct interaction between Cx43 and Cx45. (silverchair.com)
  • U ovom radu istražen je poremećaj u staničnoj komunikaciji u yotari miševima analizom izražaja koneksina (Cxs) Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 i Cx45 tijekom razvoja jetre embrionalnih dana E13.5 i E15.5. (unist.hr)
  • The transitional zone between "specified" pluripotent and differentiated cells displays significant up-regulation of keratin-18 (CK18) along with a decrease in the functional activity of gap junctions and the down-regulation of 2 gap junction proteins, connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 45 (Cx45), which is coincidental with substantial elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. (northwestern.edu)
  • T-box transcription factor TBX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The human TBX3 gene maps to chromosome 12 at position 12q23-24.1 and consists of 7 exons which encodes a 723 amino acid protein (ENSEMBL assembly release GRCh38.p12). (wikipedia.org)
  • The retinoic acid receptor antagonist Ro 41-5253 was capable of suppressing retinoid-induction Cx43 luciferase reporter construct in F9 cells, but did not suppress reporter activity induced by the non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids astaxanthin or lycopene, indicating that retinoids have separate mechanisms of gene activation than non-pro-vitamin A carotenoids. (nih.gov)
  • Son, K. Kim, Effect of Mefloquine, a Gap Junction Blocker, on Circadian Period2 Gene Oscillation in the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Ex Vivo . (atto.co.jp)
  • Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, protein distribution by immunohistochemistry, and steroid hormone concentrations by radioimmunoassay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 ( BMAL1 ) knockout mice exhibit accelerated aging, abnormal glucose metabolism, and impaired adipocyte differentiation, among other phenotypes, which are effects associated with the BMAL1 gene. (go.jp)
  • Mutations have been found in the gap-junction alpha 1 gene encoding Cx43 in glaucomatous human retinas, suggestive of the involvement of Cx43 in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • In rare cases, pathogenic missense changes in the GJA1 gene encoding connexin-43 (Cx43) have been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, mutations in the gene encoding Cx43 were found to be causally linked to oculodentodigital dysplasia, a condition that results in an abnormal skeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methods and Results - Thirty Yorkshire swine were randomized into 2 groups (sinus rhythm and AF), and each group into 3 subgroups: sham-operated control, gene therapy with adenovirus expressing connexin (Cx) 40, and gene therapy with adenovirus expressing Cx43 (n=5 per subgroup). (elsevierpure.com)
  • In AF animals, controls had reduced and lateralized Cx43 expression, and Cx43 gene transfer restored expression and cellular location to sinus rhythm control levels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In the AF group, both Cx40 and Cx43 gene transfer improved conduction and reduced AF relative to controls. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rationale: ZO-1 (Zona occludens 1), encoded by the tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) gene, is a regulator of paracellular permeability in epithelia and endothelia. (northwestern.edu)
  • Cross-sections of femurs of wild type and Gja1 (Cx43 gene) conditional knockout (cKO) mice, showing larger an thinner cortex in the mutant bone. (wustl.edu)
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which includes exosomes, have already been show to harbour connexinJOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLESchannels that let the formation of gap junctions among the exosome along with the target cell. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Further understanding from the function of exosomal Cx43 in OA will enable to halt the illness spread and progression.OF17.Extracellular vesicles in ageing: from skin to bone. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Gap junction channels are even more complex as connexin subunits can form homomeric or heteromeric arrangements that dock across the extracellular space to form homo- or heterotypic channels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of Cx43 in cells of the myocardial scar: Correction of post-infarct arrhythmias through heterotypic cell-cell coupling. (uni-bonn.de)
  • Overexpression of Cx43 in chondrocytes enhanced senescence and the total content material of Cx43 inside the EVs. (5htreceptor.com)
  • We performed this study to test the hypothesis that gap junction protein overexpression would improve conduction and prevent AF. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Present study was designed to establish a causal connection between changes in the cell-cell junction protein expression at the blood-testis barrier and alterations in the adult rat testis histology following an anti-androgen flutamide exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Short-term treatment with flutamide applied to adult rats exerts its primary effect on the basal ES, coexisting junctional complexes and their constituent proteins Cx43 and ZO-1, without any apparent morphological alterations in the seminiferous epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fibrosis, cellular dysfunction, and gap junction protein alterations occur in AF and cause conduction delay. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Alterations in cadherin/catenin and Cx43-based junction may partially result from activation of estrogen receptor α and/or β signaling pathway. (edu.pl)
  • The kinases involved are cyclin A-CDK2 at either SP190 or SP354, p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase at SP692 in embryonic kidney cells and AKT3 at S720 in melanoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have here studied whether these responses and their sensitivities can be correlated with total protein kinase C (PKC) enzyme activity and if specific PKC isoenzymes are involved. (pure.fo)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • The gap-junction proteins connexin (Cx) 43 and Cx26 increased. (yonsei.ac.kr)
  • Silencing of Cx43 reduced cell proliferation and significantly suppressed Cx26 and Cox-2 expression. (yonsei.ac.kr)
  • Under conditions of increased fluid pressure due to urine retention, we observed that the expression of both Cx43 and Cx26 increased at both transcript and protein levels, reaching a maximum 7-9 h after the ligature. (unige.ch)
  • The data show that Cx43 and Cx26 are differentially regulated during bladder outlet obstruction and contribute to the response of the bladder wall to increased voiding pressure, possibly to control its elasticity. (unige.ch)
  • The finding of mutations in GJB3 , GJB4 , and GJA1 suggests that the clinical manifestations of EKVP are caused by impaired gap junctional intercellular communication or hemichannel function owing to a dominant effect of mutant gap junction proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Together, these results suggest that inhibition of Cx43 hemichannel function after traumatic SCI reduces secondary damage, limits perilesional gliosis, and improves functional recovery. (jci.org)
  • Gap junctions, connexons, are formed by assembly of trans-membrane connexin proteins and have multiple functions including the coordination of cell responses. (nih.gov)
  • There are a myriad of mutations identified in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors, ion channels, gap junctions, energy metabolism regulators, lamins and other structural proteins. (medscape.com)
  • It has been recently shown that mutations of lens gap junction proteins are associated with certain forms of inherited congenital cataract. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
  • The present study investigates the expression of Cx43 in different treatment types in hippocampal samples of Wistar rats in order to elucidate the relationship between Cx43 and secondary injury through Real--‐Time PCR (qPCR) and cell culture work. (unl.edu)
  • While Cx43 has a trend for increased expression in traumatized tissue that is returned to normal levels with an antioxidant treatment, these results are not statistically significant according to a single--‐ sided ANOVA test. (unl.edu)
  • Particular emphasis was placed on the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES) in the seminiferous epithelium and expression of gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methodology Using the human cholangiocyte line H69, we investigated cell proliferation and gap junction protein expression after stimulation with the hepatotoxin N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and/or excretory-secretory products (ESP) of C. sinensis, which induce inflammation. (yonsei.ac.kr)
  • Moreover, the expression of the cell proliferation-related proteins E2F1, Ki-67, and cancer related protein cytokeratin 19 and Cox-2 increased in response to combined treatment with NDMA and ESP. (yonsei.ac.kr)
  • Neuronal injury in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) expression in the brain tissues were detected using H&E staining, Nissl staining, and Western blot. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that in bank vole testes expression and distribution of N-cadherin, β-catenin, and Cx43 were photoperiod dependent. (edu.pl)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the respiratory tract epithelial cells and antimicrobial proteins generated by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the major aims of Dr. Ebihara's research project are to obtain a more detailed understanding of the biophysical properties of cloned lens gap junctional proteins and to localize the molecular determinants of permeability and gating of the gap junctional channels. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
  • Gap junctions are an assembly of intercellular channels that allow cell-to-cell communication, provide a signaling scaffold and are involved in cellular responses to injury. (fredhutch.org)
  • Western blot analysis showed that connexin 43 (Cx43), which is the major functional protein of gap junction, is present in multiphosphorylated forms: a nonphosphorylated form (P0) and phosphorylated forms (P1, P2, and P3). (elsevierpure.com)
  • 4. V.C. Chen, X. Li, H. Perreault, J.I. Nagy (2006) Interaction of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) with α-actinin-4: application of functional proteomics for identification of PDZ domain-associated proteins . (brandonu.ca)
  • Astrocytes communicate through gap junctions, which are composed of two connexon hemichannels from the two communicating cells and these connexons themselves are composed of six connexin protein subunits. (unl.edu)
  • Connexin (Cx) complexity: Cxs oligomerize to form hemichannels (connexons) that are transported to the cell surface where they dock with hemichannels from a contacting cell to form intercellular gap junction channels [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined the effect of a high glucose level on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using the fluorescent dye transfer method. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Gap junction is thought to have a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • One of the current areas of interest in the field of eye research is to understand how these gap junctional proteins contribute to lens homeostasis and how cataracts arise. (rosalindfranklin.edu)
  • Long-term treatment with OP (200 mg/kg b.w.) resulted in the reduction of junction proteins expressions ( , ) and their delocalization in the testes of males kept in long photoperiod, whereas in short-day animals slight increase of Cx43 ( ), N-cadherin, and β-catenin (statistically nonsignificant) levels was observed. (edu.pl)
  • N-cadherin interferes with Wnt signaling by either keeping β-catenin at adheren junctions, or by facilitating β-catenin degradation via binding to Lrp5/6 via axin (left). (wustl.edu)
  • Dr. Joell Solan and colleagues from the Lampe lab recently unraveled a mechanism involving Cx43 in myocardium IRI and published their results in the Journal of Biology and Chemistry . (fredhutch.org)
  • The authors continue teasing apart the precise molecular mechanism to understand the importance of gap junction equilibrium in response to cellular stress. (fredhutch.org)
  • 2012) The Association of Cx43 with E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM21 Reveals a Mechanism for Gap Junction Phosphodegron Control . (brandonu.ca)
  • Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a particularly important connexin to gap junctional communication and could act either to preserve the astrocytes from oxidative stress, or to propagate the damage signals to otherwise healthy cells. (unl.edu)
  • We have shown that addition of a hexadecyl (Hdc) lipid tail to the conserved SRPTEKT peptide sequence (SRPTEKT-Hdc) results in a novel, highly efficacious, and potent inhibitor of mechanically induced Ca 2+ -wave propagation (IC50 64.8 pM) and HCh-mediated dye uptake (IC 50 45.0 pM) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing rat Cx43 (MDCK43). (azregents.edu)
  • The improve of Cx43 result in dedifferentiation in the recipient cells by way of EMT by activation of Twist-1, with enhanced levels in the mesenchymal markers CD105 and CD166. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Cx-43 iv was immunolocalised to gap junction structures in cells after osteogenic treatment on a flat substrate but this was more difficult to assess in the 3D spheroids. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The tips of the Purkinje fibers are electrically coupled to muscle cells and the working myocytes are longitudinally connected via gap junctions, thereby initiating a coordinated, efficient contraction of the ventricles. (medscape.com)
  • Electron micrographs revealed the presence of gap junctions in osteoblastic cells over 40 years ago. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our current research is focused on how bone cells function in a social context, via intercellular communication through gap junctions and direct cell-to-cell contact. (wustl.edu)
  • AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma exosomes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and after the Chaihu-Longgu-Muli Decoction (CLMD) therapy and to explore the biomarkers of TLE and the potential targets of CLMD in treating TLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ventricular conduction was not altered despite decreased localization of ZO-1 and Cx43 at the ventricular intercalated disc and modestly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, suggesting ZO-1 is differentially required for AV node and ventricular conduction. (northwestern.edu)
  • Mice do not show improved recovery with Cx43 antibody 1 month after SCI. (jci.org)
  • RNA levels, protein activity and cellular senescence had been analysed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. (5htreceptor.com)
  • Paracrine signaling, exchange of mechanical stimuli and intercellular transfer of small metabolites via connexin-built gap junctional channels are involved in the cellular stress detection and propagation of stress stimuli in multicellular networks. (edu.pl)
  • Ocunexus lead compound is Xiflam a Phase 2B ready orally administered Cx43 inhibitor in development for Geographic Atrophy and Diabetic Retinopathy. (ois.net)
  • Ocunexus has also developed a Peptide which is a Cx43 hemichannel inhibitor for intravitreal use in posterior segment disease. (ois.net)
  • Together, these data indicate that SRPTEKT-Hdc is a potent inhibitor of physiological Ca 2+ -wave signaling mediated specifically by the pS368 phosphorylated form of Cx43. (azregents.edu)
  • [ 1 ] The impulse is then conducted through the atrium to the atrioventricular junction from where, after a delay, the electrical signal is propagated to the ventricles along bundles of specialized conduction tissue to the distal Purkinje fibers, which ramify among the contractile myocardium. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusions: ZO-1 is a key protein responsible for maintaining appropriate AV node conduction through maintaining gap junction protein localization. (northwestern.edu)
  • Previous studies have shown that connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein richly expressed in spinal cord astrocytes, is a potential mediator of secondary damage. (jci.org)
  • MHC1 inhibited the activation of Cx43 hemichannels in both primary spinal astrocytes and astrocytes in situ. (jci.org)
  • In addition to forming gap junctions, Cx43 also functions as a docking platform for signaling molecules that are crucial for osteoblast function and bone formation. (wustl.edu)
  • Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Detection of SR-BI in rat H4IIE total cell lysates and plasma membrane proteins. (novusbio.com)
  • Dr. Joell Solan, the first author of the study, emphasizes the dynamic nature of gap junction biology in relation with their results: " There is a clear connection between gap junction stability and many cell processes including cell survival, proliferation and migration. (fredhutch.org)
  • Physiologically hemichannels are continuously forming in cell membranes and remain closed until docked with a neighboring cell at which point they open to form gap junctions. (ois.net)
  • Because of the distinct regulatory cues given by cell-cell contact in the spheroid, analysis was performed for connexin (Cx)-43, a gap junction protein and members of the ephrin/Eph family. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Channels typically cluster into crystalline structures known as gap junction plaques where they act to exchange numerous small molecules important in cell signalling [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Less is known about the role of Cx43 in other cell types during bone development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Connexin-43 (Cx43) is the most prevalent gap junction protein and gap junction formation and stability are regulated through interaction of Cx43 with many kinases. (fredhutch.org)
  • The authors hypothesized that this effect could involve the ERK and Akt pathways, kinases that interact with Cx43 and are known to be involved in survival during IRI. (fredhutch.org)
  • Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
  • Treatment with the gap junction modifier rotigaptide (ZP123) reduces infarct size in rats with chronic myocardial infarction. (ku.dk)
  • Additionally, retrograde labeling and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) staining were performed to count RGCs. (bvsalud.org)
  • These modifications act in a context dependent manner to promote TBX3 protein stability, nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The function of TBX3 as either a transcriptional repressor or transcriptional activator is, in part, modulated by protein co-factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main obstacle is because many protein components of mitochondria are the network hubs of multiple biological pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pre-clinical data demonstrates SDP-4 inhibits inflammatory pathways known to drive DED symptomatology, while simultaneously enhancing spreading and wetting of the ocular surface to improve patient comfort during use due to the protein chemistry of the product. (ois.net)
  • ZP123 increases gap junctional conductance and prevents reentrant ventricular tachycardia during myocardial ischemia in open chest dogs. (ku.dk)
  • TBX3 has been implicated in the regulation of Wnt target genes by tissue-specific crosstalk with the protein BCL9. (wikipedia.org)
  • While old WT hearts show a decreased amount of healthy, live tissue after ischemia compared to the young WT hearts, old Cx43 CK1 hearts had a comparable amount of live tissue relative to young hearts (either WT or Cx43 CK1 ). (fredhutch.org)
  • Schematic representation of gap junction equilibrium and the underlying molecular mechanisms. (fredhutch.org)
  • Peptide5: VDCFLSRPTEKT) have been used as reversible, Cx-specific blockers of hemichannel (HCh) and gap junction channel (GJCh) function. (azregents.edu)