Crystallins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Beta- and gamma-crystallins (such as CRYGC) are similar in sequence, structure and domains topology, and thus have been grouped together as a protein superfamily called βγ-Crystallins. (wikipedia.org)

alphaB-Crystallin is a small heat-shock protein (sHsp) that is colocalized with alpha-synuclein (alphaSyn) in Lewy bodies-the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease-and is an inhibitor of alphaSyn amyloid fibril formation in an ATP-independent manner in vitro. (edu.au)
[Show more] alphaB-crystallin interacts with alphaSyn, binding along the length of mature amyloid fibrils. (edu.au)
The R120G mutation in alphaB-crystallin causes desmin-related myopathy. (worktribe.com)
Here, we show that the mutation alters the in vitro binding characteristics of alphaB-crystallin for desmin filaments. (worktribe.com)
The apparent dissociation constant of R120G alphaB-crystallin was decreased while the binding capacity was increased significantly and as a result, desmin filaments aggregated. (worktribe.com)
These data suggest that the characteristic desmin aggregates seen as part of the disease histopathology can be caused by a direct, but altered interaction of R120G alphaB-crystallin with desmin filaments. (worktribe.com)
Our data also clearly demonstrate the beneficial role of wild-type alphaB-crystallin in the formation of desmin filament networks. (worktribe.com)
Collectively, our data suggest that R120G alphaB-crystallin directly promotes desmin filament aggregation, although this gain of a function can be repressed by some cell situations. (worktribe.com)
Such circumstances in muscle could explain the late onset characteristic of the myopathies caused by mutations in alphaB-crystallin. (worktribe.com)

In anatomy, a crystallin is a water-soluble structural protein found in the lens and the cornea of the eye accounting for the transparency of the structure. (wikipedia.org)
These findings demonstrate that the role of α-crystallins in lens development is conserved from mammals to zebrafish and set the stage for using the embryonic lens as a model system to test mechanistic aspects of α-crystallin chaperone activity and to develop strategies to fine-tune protein-protein interactions in aging and cataracts. (nih.gov)
HspX or α-crystallin, a 16 kDa protein, is one of the dominant antigens expressed during the latent stages of M. tuberculosis infection and under various other conditions like low oxygen tension, nutrient starvation or hypoxia 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
α-crystallin is a member of the small heat shock protein family, which helps in maintaining and thickening of the cell wall and in providing stability to proteins that allow the bacteria to survive under harsher conditions 7 . (nature.com)
It has recently been reported that αB-crystallin, a low-molecular-weight heat shock protein, may be released from cells by mechanical stretch. (bioone.org)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the superfamily of small heat-shock proteins containing a conservative alpha-crystallin domain at the C-terminal part of the molecule. (caslab.com)
To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
The tunicate beta/gamma crystallin from Ciona intestinalis, which is known to bind calcium, is also capable of binding a wide variety of other divalent cations, which is highly unusual for a metal-binding protein. (uci.edu)
In contrast, the human lens protein gammaS-crystallin, which contains defunct calcim-binding sites binding sites, does not bind any divalent cations and aggregates readily in the presence of zinc. (uci.edu)
Conversely, wildtype αB-Crystallin and αB-Crystallin pseudophosphorylation mutants that alter its chaperone activity will be overexpressed in the OVCAR8 cells to determine the role of this protein in conferring resistance to WA-induced apoptosis. (bridgew.edu)
UV-B induced fibrillization of crystallin protein mixtures" by Sibel Cetinel, Valentyna Semenchenko et al. (aku.edu)
Herein, we showed that cataractous fibrils can be formed using UV-B radiation from α:β:γ crystallin protein mixtures. (aku.edu)
Additionally, carnosine decreased tryptophan fluorescence polarization of glycated alpha-crystallin, suggesting that carnosine increased peptide chain mobility, which may contribute to the controlled unfolding of glycated protein. (kansascity.edu)
It is well-studied that the significant factor in cataract formation is the association of α-crystallin, a major eye lens protein, with the fiber cell plasma membrane of the eye lens. (boisestate.edu)
[ 21 ] Each of the crystallin protein groups of lens cortical fibers contains a number of subtypes with distinct antigenic characteristics. (medscape.com)
αB-crystallin, a stress-related protein that has recently been shown to be important for cell invasion and survival, was identified as a potential prognostic biomarker to predict the outcome of breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)

αA- and αB-crystallins are small heat shock proteins that bind thermodynamically destabilized proteins thereby inhibiting their aggregation. (nih.gov)
Highly expressed in the mammalian lens, the α-crystallins have been postulated to play a critical role in the maintenance of lens optical properties by sequestering age-damaged proteins prone to aggregation as well as through a multitude of roles in lens epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
αB-crystallin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or botrocetin in hamsters and humans. (bioone.org)
Various denaturants have been used to initiate the aggregation of crystallin proteins in vitro. (aku.edu)
Methylglyoxal-induced glycation of alpha-crystallin caused aggregation as evidenced by increased 90 degrees light scattering. (kansascity.edu)
The loss of alpha crystallin from the isoelectric focusing pattern was due to aggregation to higher molecular weight particles which could not enter the gel. (cdc.gov)

For example, alpha, beta, and delta crystallins are found in avian and reptilian lenses, and the alpha, beta, and gamma families are found in the lenses of all other vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha, beta, and delta crystallins occur in avian and reptilian lenses, while alpha, beta, and gamma crystallins occur in all other lenses. (lookformedical.com)

Crystallins from a vertebrate eye lens are classified into three main types: alpha, beta and gamma crystallins. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-crystallin A4 (CRYBA4) is a member of the beta/gamma-crystallin family which are the dominant structural components of the vertebrate eye lens. (prospecbio.com)

A subclass of crystallins that found in the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE) of VERTEBRATES. (umassmed.edu)

A class of crystallins that provides refractive power and translucency to the lens (LENS, CRYSTALLINE) in VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)

Beta- and gamma- crystallin form a separate family. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally, beta and gamma crystallins are composed of two similar domains which, in turn, are each composed of two similar motifs with the two domains connected by a short connecting peptide. (wikipedia.org)
However, beta crystallin is an oligomer, composed of a complex group of molecules, whereas gamma crystallin is a simpler monomer. (wikipedia.org)
gamma-Crystallins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
Gamma-crystallins are similar in structure to BETA-CRYSTALLINS in that they both form into a Greek key-like structure. (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "gamma-Crystallins" by people in this website by year, and whether "gamma-Crystallins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "gamma-Crystallins" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
Conversion and compensatory evolution of the gamma-crystallin genes and identification of a cataractogenic mutation that reverses the sequence of the human CRYGD gene to an ancestral state. (umassmed.edu)
A recent paper from the Martin lab explores the evolutionary connection between calcium-binding beta/gamma crystallin proteins and the structural beta/gamma crystallins of the eye lens. (uci.edu)
In in-vitro studies, the beta crystallin was more resistant to degradation than were mixtures of alpha and gamma crystallins. (cdc.gov)

This is supported by the observation that alpha-crystallin mutations show an association with cataract formation. (wikipedia.org)

Beta-crystallins exist as oligomers formed from acidic (BETA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN) and basic (BETA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN) subunits. (lookformedical.com)
Biochemical characterization of G64W mutant of acidic beta-crystallin 4. (bvsalud.org)

Carnosine Disaggregates Glycated Alpha-Crystallin: An In Vitro Study" by Norbert W. Seidler, George Yeargans et al. (kansascity.edu)
We investigated this hypothesis using glycated alpha-crystallin as our in vitro model. (kansascity.edu)

Alpha-crystallin occurs as large aggregates, comprising two types of related subunits (A and B) that are highly similar to the small (15-30kDa) heat shock proteins (sHsps), particularly in their C-terminal halves. (wikipedia.org)

Crystallins constitute about 90% of the water-soluble proteins of the lens and are divided into two major classes, the α-crystallin family and the β/γ-crystallin superfamily. (molvis.org)

The presence of the molecular chaperone, alphaA-crystallin, prevented precipitation of modified betaB1s. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we were also able to confirm that the presence of the molecular chaperone, α-crystallin, was able to inhibit fibril formation, as observed for 'naturally' occurring fibrils. (aku.edu)

Calf lens homogenates were incubated at temperatures ranging from 37 to 45 degrees-C. Isoelectric focused gel analysis of the lenses incubated for 30 minutes at 45 degrees showed a definite loss in the lowest points of the alpha crystallin components. (cdc.gov)

Decreased stability of lens crystallins may contribute to their insolubilization and cataract formation. (nih.gov)
In fact, it is our supposition that only UV-B radiation may mimic the observed in vivo cause of crystallin alteration leading to cataract formation. (aku.edu)

The N-terminal domain of alpha-crystallin is not necessary for dimerisation or chaperone activity, but appears to be required for the formation of higher order aggregates. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-crystallins construct aggregates of various sizes and are able to self-associate to form dimers or to form heterodimers with other beta-crystallins. (prospecbio.com)

Here, we have examined the role of α-crystallins in the development of the vertebrate zebrafish lens. (nih.gov)
These abnormalities were less frequent in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing rat αA-crystallin suggesting a specific role of α-crystallins in embryonic lens development. (nih.gov)
To extend and confirm these findings, we generated an αA-crystallin knockout zebrafish line. (nih.gov)

The β- and γ-crystallins share a common structural feature consisted of four "Greek key" motifs. (molvis.org)

To our knowledge this is the first case of an initiation codon mutation in a human crystallin gene, and only the second report of a CRYBB1 mutation associated with autosomal recessive congenital cataracts. (molvis.org)
This data provided evidence for the initiation of fibril formation from physiologically relevant crystallin mixtures using UV-B radiation, and that the formed fibrils had several traits similar to that expected from cataracts developing in vivo. (aku.edu)
The conversion process from soluble crystallins to insoluble proteins during aging of the lens also may result in an increased antigenic effect of proteins from mature or hypermature cataracts . (medscape.com)

A more consistent and severe lens phenotype was evident in maternal/zygotic αA-crystallin mutants compared to those observed by morpholino knockdown. (nih.gov)

Also, our data suggest that the binding of α-crystallin to PL membranes likely occurs through hydrophobic interaction between α-crystallin and the hydrophobic fatty acid core of the membranes, and such interaction is modulated by the PL headgroup's size and charge, hydrogen bonding between headgroups, and PL curvature. (boisestate.edu)
We conclude that while solubility inversion due to the hydrophobic effect may be possible, microscopic evidence to support it in gammaD-crystallin is weak. (duke.edu)

The α-crystallin family and βγ-crystallins compose the major family of proteins present in the crystalline lens. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we use the recently developed EPR method to explicitly measure the binding affinity (K a ) of α-crystallin to the individual (PE*, PS, and SM) and two-component mixtures (SM/PE, SM/PS, and SM/PC in 70:30 and 50:50 mol%) of PL membranes as well as the physical properties (mobility parameter and maximum splitting) of these membranes upon binding with α-crystallin. (boisestate.edu)
Thus, this study provides an in-depth understanding of α-crystallin interaction with the PL membranes made of individual and two-component mixtures of the four major PLs of the eye lens membranes. (boisestate.edu)

CRYAA is one of the major lens proteins, accounting for 35% of all crystallins. (molvis.org)

The proteins exist as large oligomers that are formed from ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN A CHAIN and ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN B CHAIN subunits. (lookformedical.com)

In human gammaD-crystallin, the phenomenon is associated with the mutation of the 23rd residue, a proline, to a threonine, serine or valine. (duke.edu)

2019). {Using Schematic Models to Understand the Microscopic Basis for Inverted Solubility in γD-Crystallin. (duke.edu)

In many Asp-containing peptides from the crystallins, it was found that the levels of L-isoAsp were significantly higher in the nucleus than in the cortex. (databasefootball.com)

Glycation of lens alpha-crystallin occurs in vivo and may contribute to cataractogenesis. (kansascity.edu)

Interaction of Alpha-Crystallin with Four Major Phospholipids of Eye L" by Raju Timsina, Nawal K. Khadka et al. (boisestate.edu)
Despite several attempts to study the interaction of α-crystallin with PLs of the eye lens membrane, the role of individual PL for the binding with α-crystallin is still unclear. (boisestate.edu)

The concentration of beta crystallin proteins was reduced by in-vivo exposures. (cdc.gov)

Some crystallins are active enzymes, while others lack activity but show homology to other enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Whether these crystallins are products of a fortuitous accident of evolution, in that these particular enzymes happened to be transparent and highly soluble, or whether these diverse enzymatic activities are part of the protective machinery of the lens, is an active research topic. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, a previous study from our laboratory based on BCG priming followed by boosting with the DNA vaccine expressing α-crystallin imparted markedly better protection against M. tuberculosis in comparison to BCG in both guinea pigs and mice 13 . (nature.com)
Additionally, plasma levels of αB-crystallin were markedly elevated in cardiomyopathic hamsters. (bioone.org)
Levels of αB-crystallin in vessel walls after endothelial injury were markedly reduced. (bioone.org)

Moreover, αB-crystallin significantly reduced thrombin-induced Ca 2 influx and phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C in human platelets. (bioone.org)

More proteins containing βγ-crystallin domains have now been characterized as calcium binding proteins with Greek key motif as a novel calcium-binding motif. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, a genetically stable, marker-free recombinant MVA expressing α-crystallin of M. tuberculosis (rMVA. (nature.com)

Divergence probably occurred prior to evolution of the eye lens, alpha-crystallin being found in small amounts in tissues outside the lens. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha-crystallin has chaperone-like properties including the ability to prevent the precipitation of denatured proteins and to increase cellular tolerance to stress. (wikipedia.org)
One of the subunits of alpha-crystallins. (lookformedical.com)
Alpha-crystallins also act as molecular chaperones that bind to denatured proteins, keep them in solution and thereby maintain the translucency of the lens. (lookformedical.com)
Aging of alpha-crystallins during development of the lens. (utmb.edu)
Our data support the hypothesis that carnosine disaggregates glycated alpha-crystallin. (kansascity.edu)
By virtue of its capacity to synthesize alpha crystallins, the lens epithelium may become strongly antigenic. (medscape.com)
A very high molecular weight fraction contained alpha crystallin material. (cdc.gov)

c) Post tissue homogenization of the nucleus, the precipitate that contains the water-insoluble (WI) crystallin proteins is separated from the supernatant that contains the water-soluble (WS) by centrifugation. (databasefootball.com)
Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate the expression of two upregulated (EpCAM, FADD) and two downregulated (NDRG1, αB-crystallin) proteins in 190 paraffin-embedded tissue samples. (biomedcentral.com)

Except for the PE* membrane, for which there was no binding of α-crystallin, the mobility parameter for all other membranes decreased with an increase in α-crystallin concentration. (boisestate.edu)

The penetrance of the lens phenotype was reduced by transgenic expression of rat αA-crystallin and its severity was attenuated by maternal αA-crystallin expression. (nih.gov)

We investigated a physiological role of αB-crystallin in platelet function. (bioone.org)
The small Hsps, αB-Crystallin and Hsp27, confer resistance to chemotherapy in several cancer cell lines, however, the role of WA on αB-Crystallin and Hsp27 expression in drug resistance remains unknown. (bridgew.edu)
Experiments are underway to systematically determine the role of αB-crystallin in conferring resistance of ovarian cancer cells to apoptosis. (bridgew.edu)
αB-Crystallin will be silenced by CRISPR-Cas9 in the OVCAR8R and clones will be selected to address the role of αB-Crystallin on WA-induced 4apoptosis. (bridgew.edu)

Autologous lens proteins are only weakly antigenic, but fractionated crystallins are much more effective in stimulating an antibody response. (medscape.com)

The basic subunit of beta-crystallins. (lookformedical.com)

Also, it is known that BCG does not induce potent IFN-γ responses against α-crystallin, which may suggest the failure of BCG in preventing reactivation TB 10 , 11 . (nature.com)

To determine how deamidation and partial loss of the N- and C-terminal extensions alter the heat stability of betaB1-crystallin. (nih.gov)
This type of information about how the vertebrate lens crystallins evolved away from ion-binding and toward independent stability is critical to understanding their function in the eye lens. (uci.edu)

and delta-crystallin is found exclusively in reptiles and birds. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, I found that αB-Crystallin and Hsp27 are constitutively expressed in the OVCAR8R cells, while OVCAR8 cells do not endogenously express these Hsps, suggestingthat overexpression of Hsps may confer resistance to chemotherapy and promote a more aggressive tumor type. (bridgew.edu)

The crystallins of different groups of organisms are related to a large number of different proteins, with those from birds and reptiles related to lactate dehydrogenase and argininosuccinate lyase, those of mammals to alcohol dehydrogenase and quinone reductase, and those of cephalopods to glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms9

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes9

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AlphaB-crystallin9

Protein16

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