FungusInfectionCryptococcosisHistoplasmaIsolatesSpecies complexInfectionsCandidaNeoformans neoformansPathogenGenotypesTropical and subtropicalMeningitisInfectsSerotypeVGIIStrainsYeastSubtypeCerebrospinal fluidVirulentFungi that causeImmunocompetentPathogenicVancouver IslandPulmonaryGenomeProteinsHumansGenomicMolecular typeMediterraneanIsolateEnvironmentalSerotypesVirulenceDiseaseFatalOccurrenceSoilCharacteristicsPacific NorthwestPeopleStudy suggestsLungFound
Fungus9
- As a life-threatening fungus, Cryptococcus gattii ( C gattii ) species complex is emerging worldwide. (researchsquare.com)
- C gattii species complex is a special fungus with a high fatality, which mainly infects the lung and central nervous system (CNS) of patients. (researchsquare.com)
- C. gattii is a fungus closely related to C. neoformans that can infect the pulmonary and central nervous systems of both animals and humans. (whatcomcounty.org)
- Cryptococcus is the most common fungus that causes serious infection worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
- Christopher Uejio] Cryptococcus gattii is a fungus that can cause illness in humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
- Christopher Uejio] People and animals living in areas with Cryptococcus gattii breathe in the microscopic fungus. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcosis Cryptococcosis is an infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii . (msdmanuals.com)
- Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS. (umassmed.edu)
- In 1999, a tropical fungus called by scientists Cryptococcus gattii unexpectedly appeared on Vancouver Island. (nwcoastenergynews.com)
Infection16
- Cryptococcus gattii causes the human diseases of pulmonary cryptococcosis (lung infection), basal meningitis, and cerebral cryptococcomas. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Unlike Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gattii is not particularly associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other forms of immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
- Fundamental niche prediction of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe is an important tool to understand where these pathogenic yeasts have a high probability to survive in the environment and therefore to identify the areas with high risk of infection. (pasteur.fr)
- The infection is acquired by inhaling C. gattii spores. (whatcomcounty.org)
- This case was detected in 2007 and is the first report of a potential autochthonous C. gattii infection case in Portugal, as the patient revealed no historical record of travelling outside the country. (unl.pt)
- C. gattii infection usually involves the central nervous system, the respiratory tract, or may be disseminated. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we report an atypical manifestation of C. gattii infection in a patient who had C. gattii meningitis complicating the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection and concurrent infected intraabdominal VP shunt pseudocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. gattii meningitis complicating the VP shunt infection and concurrent infected intraabdominal VP shunt pseudocyst was diagnosed. (biomedcentral.com)
- C. neoformans was categorized into serotypes A and D whereas C. gattii was classified into the serotypes B and C. Inhalation of spores is a primary route of infection that mainly affects immunocompromised persons, such as HIV-infected patients, organ transplant recipients, and patients receiving corticosteroid or immunosuppressive agents. (biomedcentral.com)
- Few studies of C. gattii infection in Thailand have been published. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we report atypical C. gattii infection in a patient who had chronic C. gattii meningitis complicating a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection and concurrent infected intraabdominal VP shunt pseudocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cryptococcosis is infection with the fungi Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii . (medlineplus.gov)
- Infection with C gattii has mainly been seen in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, British Columbia in Canada, Southeast Asia, and Australia. (medlineplus.gov)
- Sarah Gregory] Vancouver Island, Canada, reports the world's highest incidence of Cryptococcus gattii infection among humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
- The time between C. gattii exposure and experiencing symptoms can vary from as short as 1 month to as long as 3 years, which can make it difficult to correctly diagnose the infection. (cdc.gov)
- Gene Expression of Diverse Cryptococcus Isolates during Infection of the Human Central Nervous System. (broadinstitute.org)
Cryptococcosis7
- Cryptococcus gattii, a species belonging to the Cryptococcus complex which occurs endemically in tropical and subtropical regions, has been reported as a causative agent of cryptococcosis in healthy individuals. (fiocruz.br)
- This study provides a comprehensive picture of the C. neoformans/C. gattii molecular types most often associated with human cryptococcosis in Portugal and assesses the impact of C. gattii in these infections. (unl.pt)
- Cryptococcus gattii is known to be an etiologic agent of human cryptococcosis, particularly in immunocompetent persons. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cryptococcosis is one of the more common systemic fungal infections caused by two main species, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii . (biomedcentral.com)
- Another study described Tsunami survivors from Thailand who suffered from primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis ( Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii ). (medlineplus.gov)
- Vaccination with Recombinant Cryptococcus Proteins in Glucan Particles Protects Mice against Cryptococcosis in a Manner Dependent upon Mouse Strain and Cryptococcal Species. (umassmed.edu)
Histoplasma2
- This review will highlight the roles of monocytes in the immune response to some of the major fungi that cause invasive human disease, including Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Candida, Histoplasma, Blastomyces , and Coccidioides , and discuss potential strategies to manipulate monocyte responses in order to enhance anti-fungal immunity in susceptible hosts. (frontiersin.org)
- Invasive infections are commonly caused by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides , and Histoplasma ( Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Isolates6
- However, source or associated with travel, we used multilocus this distribution pattern changed after an unprecedented sequence typing to compare 100 isolates from Europe (57 from 40 human patients, 22 from the environment, and 21 outbreak of C. gattii emerged in the temperate climate of from animals) with 191 isolates from around the world. (cdc.gov)
- If your laboratory does not currently use CGB agar for all Cryptococcus isolates, consider adding this to your laboratory's protocol. (whatcomcounty.org)
- After consultation with your local heath jurisdiction, isolates identified as C. gattii should be submitted to the Washington State Laboratory for genotyping. (whatcomcounty.org)
- A total of 476 European isolates (310 Cryptococcus neoformans var. (uludag.edu.tr)
- grubii (56 VNI, 8 VNII, 1 VNB), and 5 among the C. gattii species complex (4 VGI and 1 VGIV) isolates. (uludag.edu.tr)
- The 16 European C. gattii species complex isolates analyzed in the present study originated all from the environment and all belonged to a large cluster endemic in the Mediterranean area. (uludag.edu.tr)
Species complex5
- The geographical distribution of C gattii species complex was first described in China. (researchsquare.com)
- 4,5 However, there has been no systematic description on the geographical distribution of C gattii species complex in China. (researchsquare.com)
- In conclusion, we produced for the first time detailed prediction maps of the species and varieties of the C. neoformans and C. gattii species complex in Europe and Mediterranean area. (pasteur.fr)
- neoformans, and 16 C. gattii species complex) from both clinical and environmental sources were analyzed by multi-locus sequence typing. (uludag.edu.tr)
- Characterization of the human pathogenic species complex Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii with a special emphasis on emerging molecular types within C. gattii. (urosario.edu.co)
Infections8
- The highest incidences of C. gattii infections occur in Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia. (wikipedia.org)
- Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred immunocompromised persons, and C. gattii mainly infects mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. (cdc.gov)
- C. neoformans is during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and found globally, and C. gattii has been mostly limited to animals in Europe have increased. (cdc.gov)
- These results indicate that reactivation of dormant C. gattii gattii , a broad variety of molecular biological techniques infections can occur many years after the infectious agent have been developed, including PCR fi ngerprinting, was acquired elsewhere. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii in Europe explored whether the infections originated from Europe of both primers (Biolegio, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) or were introduced from other continents. (cdc.gov)
- Most HIV-associated cryptococcal infections are caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, serotype A (found worldwide), but occasionally Cryptococcus gattii is the cause (found in Australia, subtropical regions, and the Pacific Northwest). (medscape.com)
- The US CDC has tracked more than 300 C. gattii fungal infections in the Canadian and U.S. Pacific Northwest region since the first case on Vancouver Island in 1999. (nwcoastenergynews.com)
- She is also interested in healthcare-acquired infections, antibiotic-resistant organisms and Cryptococcus gattii , as well as enteric bacterial pathogens and outbreaks in BC. (bccdc.ca)
Candida2
- Antifungal activity of EO and fractions were tested by a broth microdilution method, whereby minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against several fungal organisms (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus gattii, and Cryptococcus neoformans). (researchgate.net)
- Specific chapters are devoted to the major disease-causing fungi, such as Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species. (cshlpress.com)
Neoformans neoformans1
- Based on the polysaccharide wall serology, use of nutrients, and DNA sequence, it is subclassified into C neoformans neoformans and C neoformans gattii . (medscape.com)
Pathogen5
- We investigated the occurrence of C. gattii in Europe, Hospital, Nijmegen (J.F. Meis, C.H.W. Klaassen) focusing on whether this pathogen is emerging and, if so, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1810.120068 how to explain this emergence pattern. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii has emerged as a human and animal pathogen in the Pacific Northwest. (cdc.gov)
- Genome variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an emerging pathogen of immunocompetent hosts. (broadinstitute.org)
- Cryptococcus gattii is a fungal pathogen that primarily affects the respiratory and nervous systems of humans and other animals. (cascadiaresearch.org)
- Chitosan Biosynthesis and Virulence in the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus gattii. (umassmed.edu)
Genotypes1
- Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States. (duke.edu)
Tropical and subtropical2
- gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. (wikipedia.org)
- gattii and confusion which, over the ensuing 48 has been more frequently associated with hours, progressed to visual hallucinations disease in tropical and subtropical areas, along with urinary incontinence. (who.int)
Meningitis4
- Suspect C. gattii in individuals with atypical pneumonia or fungal meningitis who live or travel in areas where C. gattii is found. (whatcomcounty.org)
- Chronic C. gattii meningitis should be aware in a patient presenting with normal pressure hydrocephalus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Christopher Uejio] C. gattii usually infects the lungs or the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord), causing diseases like pneumonia and meningitis, but it can also affect other parts of the body. (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii can also cause meningitis. (stlukes-stl.com)
Infects1
- Cryptococcus gattii, "usually only infects transplant and AIDS patients and people with otherwise compromised immune systems…" Apparently, this strain is more virulent and has infected healthy people. (knowthecause.com)
Serotype1
- In the United States, C. gattii serotype B, subtype VGIIa, is largely responsible for clinical cases. (wikipedia.org)
VGII4
- VGII C. gattii have probably undergone either bisexual or unisexual reproduction in multiple different locales, thus giving rise to novel virulent phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
- This outbreak is caused predominantly by C. gattii molecular type VGII, specifically VGIIa/major. (duke.edu)
- Cryptococcus gattii AFLP6/VGII was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and molecular typing was performed by URA5-RFLP. (fiocruz.br)
- C. gattii AFLP6/VGII was shown to be susceptible to the antifungals tested. (fiocruz.br)
Strains5
- From 2011 to 2017, we collected 32 strains of C gattii from 18 hospitals across China, of which 27 [84·4%] strains molecular traits were profiled by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and compared with strains previously described in China from 2006 to 2020. (researchsquare.com)
- Totally 119 clinical cases caused by C gattii strains (87 in previous reports and 32 in our study) distributed widely in 20 provincial-level administrative regions of China, of which 114 strains molecular types were obtained. (researchsquare.com)
- In this study, we aimed to answer whether C gattii VGI could be genetically categorized into subgroups, hoping to explain difference in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
- In addition to multi-omics (WGS and RNA-Seq) experiments, we also performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation to characterize the virulence trait of divergent molecular subtypes of C gattii VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
- FR5 moderately inhibited strains of C. gattii and C. neoformans (MIC 0.62 mg/mL). (researchgate.net)
Yeast1
- Cryptococcus neoformans is a round or oval yeast, 4-6 mm in diameter, surrounded by a 30-mm-thick capsule. (medscape.com)
Subtype1
- 8,12 Therefore, we suspected that some subtypes of C gattii VGI might be more virulent, but no subtype classification system was available for C gattii VGI up to now. (researchsquare.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid1
- C. gattii was isolated from both the cerebrospinal fluid and the pseudocyst aspiration. (biomedcentral.com)
Virulent1
- C gattii VGI could be clearly segregated into four major subtypes based on genomics profiles and VGIb was more virulent than VGIa in China. (researchsquare.com)
Fungi that cause1
- C neoformans and C gattii are the fungi that cause this disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Immunocompetent1
- Unlike C. neoformans which primarily affects immunocompromised people, C. gattii usually causes disease in immunocompetent people. (whatcomcounty.org)
Pathogenic1
- Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe. (pasteur.fr)
Vancouver Island3
- C. gattii has been isolated from native tree species on Vancouver Island and from the surrounding soil and air, primarily from the east coast of Vancouver Island. (whatcomcounty.org)
- Christopher Uejio] Vancouver Island reports the highest rates of new human and animal C. gattii cases in the world, so the goal of our study was to determine how climate influences the presence of the C. gattii in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Christopher Uejio] C. gattii prefers to live in specific ecological areas, and the climate and geography of Vancouver Island may provide just the right conditions for C. gattii to thrive. (cdc.gov)
Pulmonary1
- Cryptococcus neoformans spreads hematogenously to the CNS from pulmonary foci, which may be subclinical. (medscape.com)
Genome2
- Genome sequencing on C gattii in recent years has become a powerful tool to reveal novel lineages as well as genetic variations that were associated with phenotypes and virulence in different lineages and/or subtypes within the same lineage. (researchsquare.com)
- Genome Evolution and Innovation across the Four Major Lineages of Cryptococcus gattii. (broadinstitute.org)
Proteins1
- By contrast, CSF is a good growth medium for the organism in culture, possibly because of trophic properties of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the CSF and the absence of cryptococcus-toxic proteins. (medscape.com)
Humans1
- Casadevall says, "The big new idea here is that tsunamis may be a significant mechanism by which pathogens spread from oceans and estuarial rivers onto land and then eventually to wildlife and humans, If this hypothesis is correct, then we may eventually see similar outbreaks of C. gattii, or similar fungi, in areas inundated by the 2004 Indonesian tsunami and 2011 Japanese tsunami. (nwcoastenergynews.com)
Genomic1
- Some have suspected that international trade and travel inadvertently introduced a more potent type of C. gattii to the island, but genomic analysis to date has not supported this hypothesis. (cdc.gov)
Molecular type1
- Our study suggests the molecular type of C gattii is necessary for personalized treatment in clinic. (researchsquare.com)
Mediterranean1
- The results showed that C. gattii distribution can be predicted with high probability along the Mediterranean coast. (pasteur.fr)
Isolate1
- To differentiate C. gattii from the more common C. neoformans , culture the isolate on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol (CGB) agar. (whatcomcounty.org)
Environmental2
- Titan cells formation in Cryptococcus neoformans is finely tuned by environmental conditions and modulated by positive and negative genetic regulators. (broadinstitute.org)
- What is the Environmental Source of Cryptococcus gattii? (societyforscience.org)
Serotypes1
- gattii (serotypes B and C) [ 2 ]. (who.int)
Virulence1
- Amoeba Predation of Cryptococcus neoformans Results in Pleiotropic Changes to Traits Associated with Virulence. (broadinstitute.org)
Disease3
- Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. (duke.edu)
- People who are older, smoke, take medications that suppress the immune system, or have pre-existing health problems are more vulnerable to disease from C. gattii . (cdc.gov)
- Cryptococcus gattii is a reportable disease in British Columbia. (nwcoastenergynews.com)
Fatal1
- Fatal Cryptococcus gattii geno. (fiocruz.br)
Occurrence1
- In this study, occurrence data for C. neoformans and C. gattii were compared by MaxEnt software with several bioclimatic conditions as well as with soil characteristics and land use. (pasteur.fr)
Soil6
- Soil debris associated with certain tree species has been found frequently to contain C. gattii VGIII MATα and MATa, and less commonly VGI MATα, in Southern California. (wikipedia.org)
- These local experts compiled thousands of C. gattii samples from the soil, air, and on trees over multiple years. (cdc.gov)
- C. gattii concentrations differently in the soil compared to the air and on trees. (cdc.gov)
- In the soil, warmer temperatures decreased C. gattii populations. (cdc.gov)
- C. gattii from the soil into the air and onto trees. (cdc.gov)
- The greatest concentrations and risk for exposure to C. gattii in the soil is during relatively cool June and July summer days. (cdc.gov)
Characteristics1
- Genetic and pathological characteristics of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans var. (bvsalud.org)
Pacific Northwest1
- Corporate Authors(s) : for the Cryptococcus gattii Working Group of the Pacific Northwest Published Date : Aug 2009 Source : Emerg Infect Dis. (cdc.gov)
People3
- From 1999 through to early 2008, 216 people in British Columbia have been infected with C. gattii, and eight died from complications related to it. (wikipedia.org)
- C gattii may affect people with normal immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
- Fungal medicines are prescribed for people infected with cryptococcus. (medlineplus.gov)
Study suggests1
- Our study suggests that concentrations of C. gattii in the air are greatest on sunny days with moderately windy conditions during August through October. (cdc.gov)
Lung1
- In addition to invading the lung and CNS, cryptococci also invade the skin, bone, and genitourinary tract, but meninges appear to be the preferred site. (medscape.com)
Found1
- Until recently, C. gattii was only found in certain subtropical and tropical environments. (whatcomcounty.org)