• Here we show that feedback projections onto excitatory neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex generate a second receptive field that is driven by stimuli outside the ffRF. (nature.com)
  • Feedback inputs from higher visual areas have scattered receptive fields relative to their putative targets in the primary visual cortex, which enables the generation of the fbRF. (nature.com)
  • For small dots moving at low speeds, neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) encode the component motion, with preferred direction along the axis perpendicular to their preferred orientation. (theopenscholar.com)
  • In particular, the invariance of complex cell responses in primary visual cortex against small translations is commonly interpreted as a signature of an invariant coding strategy possibly originating from an unsupervised learning principle. (zotero.org)
  • 1988). We have now examined in detail the visual response properties of single cells in primary auditory cortex (A1) of these rewired animals and compared the responses to those in primary visual cortex (V1) of normal animals. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The term visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex (also known as striate cortex or V1 ) and extrastriate visual cortical areas such as V2 , V3 , V4 , and V5 . (medicalxpress.com)
  • The primary visual cortex is anatomically equivalent to Brodmann area 17 , or BA17. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Neurons with fbRFs are located in cortical layers that receive strong feedback projections and are absent in the main input layer, which is consistent with a laminar processing hierarchy. (nature.com)
  • To this aim, through electrophysiology in cats, we explored that visual neurons, throughout the cortical column, have a tendency to alter their inherent properties even when presented a non-visual stimulus. (intechopen.com)
  • We show that activation of DRN 5-HT neurons rapidly inhibits the spontaneous firing of olfactory cortical neurons, acting in a divisive manner, but entirely spares sensory-driven firing. (jneurosci.org)
  • OFF-dominated cortical neurons in cats responded ∼3 ms faster to visual stimuli than ON-dominated cortical neurons, and dark-mediated suppression in ON-dominated neurons peaked ∼14 ms faster than light-mediated suppression in OFF-dominated neurons. (zotero.org)
  • Understanding the mechanism by which the brain’s hundred billion neurons and hundred trillion synapses manage to produce such a range of cortical configurations in a flexible manner remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. (zotero.org)
  • This allowed us to estimate the STRFs of cortical neurons alongside a set of spectrotemporal contrast kernels. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adding contrast kernels to STRF models also yields considerable improvements in the ability to capture and predict how auditory cortical neurons respond to statistically complex sounds. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pioneer neurons settle in the marginal zone of the cortex and project to sub-cortical levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pioneer neurons are born in the ventricular neuroepithelium all over the cortical primordium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The morphology, connectivity and physiological properties of adapting and non-adapting RS neurons are particularly suited to the processing of respectively phasic and tonic inputs, whereas the properties of IB neurons are consistent with their suggested role in cortical rhythmogenesis and in the pathophysiological synchronized activities underlying epileptogenesis. (unimib.it)
  • Single-cell transcriptomics has been widely applied to classify neurons in the mammalian brain, while systems neuroscience has historically analyzed the encoding properties of cortical neurons without considering cell types. (inscopix.com)
  • To this end, ASIC1a current amplitudes and charge transport in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, and ASIC-mediated action potential signaling in cultured cortical neurons were measured in response to defined pH ramps of 1-40 s duration from pH 7.4 to pH 6.6 or 6.0. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, whereas the ASIC1a current amplitude decreased with slower pH ramps, action potential firing was higher upon intermediate than fast acidification in cortical neurons. (frontiersin.org)
  • Often it's hard to tell Greg's neurons from other natural features: his cortical neurons look like delicate spring branches, and his retinal neurons are reminiscent of rosehips. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Here, we compared trafficking of GluA1A2 CI-AMPARs and homomeric GluA1 CP-AMPARs using immunocytochemical assays in cultured NAc MSNs plated with prefrontal cortical neurons to restore excitatory inputs. (okstate.edu)
  • This rich representation of object location in the barrel cortex could not be predicted based on simple stimulus-response relationships involving individual whiskers and likely emerges within cortical circuits. (elifesciences.org)
  • The presence of cortical Lewy bodies is confirmed by the finding of alpha synuclein positive rounded cytoplasmic inclusion in neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Scientists have now shown that error signals encoded by motor cortical neurons drive adaptation in reaching. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In a new paper published in Neuron , Inoue, Uchimura and Kitazawa have shown that error signals encoded by motor cortical neurons drive adaptation in reaching. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These spatially arranged ventral midbrain-striatum-cortical organoids (MISCOs) can be used to study dopaminergic neuron maturation, innervation and function with implications for cell therapy and addiction research. (lu.se)
  • Lindvall, allowed for the first time the visualisation of the dopamine neuron system in its entirety, and allowed us to map anatomically the previously unknown dopamine projections to cortical and limbic areas. (lu.se)
  • Decreased dopaminergic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in anterior cingulate cortex maintains chronic neuropathic pain. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a prefrontal region involved in processing the affective components of pain, display hyperexcitability in chronic neuropathic pain conditions, and their silencing abolishes hyperalgesia. (iasp-pain.org)
  • We show that dopamine, through D1 receptor (D1R) signaling, inhibits pyramidal neurons of mouse ACC by modulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons (Larkum et al. (yale.edu)
  • and unbiased stereology to compare the soma volume of layer V pyramidal and gigantopyramidal neurons in primary motor cortex between 11 carnivore and 9 primate species. (mssm.edu)
  • Of the 617 neurons traced in the morphological analysis, 181 were gigantopyramidal neurons, with deep (primarily layer V) pyramidal (n = 203) and superficial (primarily layer III) pyramidal (n = 233) neurons quantified for comparative purposes. (mssm.edu)
  • Quantitatively, most dendritic measures were significantly greater in gigantopyramidal neurons than in superficial and deep pyramidal neurons. (mssm.edu)
  • In in vitro slices prepared from rat sensorimotor cortex, intracellular recordings were obtained from 107 layer V pyramidal neurons, subsequently injected with biocytin for morphological reconstruction. (unimib.it)
  • Thus, it is hypothesized that cocaine impairment of OFC function involves changes in 5-HT signaling, and previous work shows that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor -mediated effects on OFC pyramidal neurons (PyNs) are impaired weeks after cocaine withdrawal. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
  • 1 . Durstewitz D, Gabriel T (2007) Dynamical basis of irregular spiking in NMDA-driven prefrontal cortex neurons. (yale.edu)
  • MicrocircuitDB: Hodgkin-Huxley model of persistent activity in prefrontal cortex neurons (Winograd et al. (yale.edu)
  • Hodgkin-Huxley model of persistent activity in prefrontal cortex neurons (Winograd et al. (yale.edu)
  • Recent lesion-based research studies have defined the roles of two different parts of the primate PFC - the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the ventral lateral frontal cortex (VLFC) - and their subdivisions in evaluating each of these factors and in mediating credit assignment during reward-based decision-making. (nature.com)
  • We focused on the primary auditory cortex (A1) due to the crucial role that temporal precision plays in the processing of auditory information. (biorxiv.org)
  • For example, cuprizone-induced demyelination promotes hyper- and depolarizing shifts of the resting membrane potential of auditory thalamocortical pathway neurons and reduction in action potential firing of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons 7 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Spectrotemporal contrast kernels for neurons in primary auditory cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Auditory neurons are often described in terms of their spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recently, we showed that neurons in the primary fields of the ferret auditory cortex are also subject to gain control: when sounds undergo smaller fluctuations in their level over time, the neurons become more sensitive to small-level changes (Rabinowitz et al. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Following neonatal surgical manipulations, a specific population of retinal ganglion cells is induced to innervate the auditory thalamus and provides visual input to cells in auditory cortex (Sur et al. (elsevierpure.com)
  • doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.021. (nih.gov)
  • 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) often fire locked to sensory stimuli, but little is known about how 5-HT affects sensory processing, especially on this timescale. (jneurosci.org)
  • We examined a single unit activity of the dorsal prefrontal cortex during the performance of a delayed conditional discrimination task in which animals were required to discriminate between push-3 and push-12 and had to move the stick left or right depending on whether they pushed 3 or 12 times before the delay period. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Many neurons in the dorsal prefrontal area showed activity changes related to the encoding of self-movement information. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Niki, H & Tsutsui, KI 1997, ' Prefrontal cortex and behavior: Encoding of self-movement in dorsal prefrontal neurons ', Epilepsia , vol. 38, no. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we show that the receptive field of septal cells is independent of paralemniscal inputs, and that septal cells derive their receptive field input from neurons in the dorsal part of the thalamic barreloids. (ulaval.ca)
  • DREADD inactivation of the dACC neurons during the task significantly increased omission and correct response latencies, indicating that the neuronal activities of dACC contribute to attention and processing speed. (nih.gov)
  • Takeda et al have shown that ALS pathology initiated by cytoplasmic inclusions and neuronal loss in layer II-III of the transentorhinal cortex (TEC)-molecular dentate gyrus (DG) projection and subiculum is specific to ALS. (medscape.com)
  • Tau-positive neuronal inclusions in neurons of the substantia nigra (no alpha synuclein-positive inclusions, as are found in Parkinson disease). (medscape.com)
  • Both genes provide instructions for making proteins that are involved in the movement of neurons to their proper locations in the developing brain, a process called neuronal migration. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Meyer, H. C. & Bucci, D. J. Imbalanced activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens impairs behavioral inhibition. (nature.com)
  • Wallis, J. D. Cross-species studies of orbitofrontal cortex and value-based decision-making. (nature.com)
  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a brain region involved in higher-order decision -making. (bvsalud.org)
  • The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a subsection of the brain's frontal lobe, is known to play a part in value-based decision-making, the process of mentally weighing the outcome of different decisions and then selecting one. (medicalxpress.com)
  • To test this idea, we studied single neurons in macaque monkey intermediate visual (area V4) and somatosensory (area SII) cortex, using matched shape stimuli. (zotero.org)
  • A new method termed XDream (E X tending D eepDream with r eal-time e volution for a ctivation m aximization) combined a generative neural network and a genetic algorithm in a closed loop to create strong stimuli for neurons in the macaque visual cortex. (plos.org)
  • In the visual system, these feedforward pathways define the classical feedforward receptive field (ffRF), the area in space in which visual stimuli excite a neuron 1 . (nature.com)
  • Whereas somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons are driven by these large stimuli, inhibitory neurons that express parvalbumin and vasoactive intestinal peptide have mutually antagonistic fbRF and ffRF, similar to excitatory neurons. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Neuron-type specific response to inverse stimuli. (nature.com)
  • This finding suggests that dACC excitatory neurons play a principal role in modulating attention to task-relevant stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • Sensory cortices are inherently dynamic and exhibit plasticity in response to a variety of stimuli. (intechopen.com)
  • A longstanding question in sensory neuroscience is what types of stimuli drive neurons to fire. (plos.org)
  • What stimuli excite a neuron, and how can we find them? (plos.org)
  • Consider vision as a paradigmatic example, the selection of stimuli to probe neural activity has shaped the understanding of how visual neurons represent information. (plos.org)
  • Despite the progress made in understanding visual cortex by testing limited sets of hand-chosen stimuli, these experiments could be missing the true feature preferences of neurons. (plos.org)
  • Livingstone notes that research from her lab and others has shown that the responses of these neurons are not innate-instead, they are learned through consistent exposure over time to visual stimuli. (harvard.edu)
  • Insular cortex (IC) is recognized as a potential site for "central command" of cardiorespiratory responses during exercise. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ichiyama, RM, Waldrop, TG & Iwamoto, GA 2004, ' Neurons in and near insular cortex are responsive to muscular contraction and have sympathetic and/or cardiac-related discharge ', Brain Research , vol. 1008, no. 2, pp. 273-277. (elsevierpure.com)
  • For single neurons, both NEURON and MatLab-based code is provided (for both runSglPCwcNMDA.m is the ML-wrapper). (yale.edu)
  • These strategies and tools will facilitate studying GABAergic neurons throughout the mouse brain. (nih.gov)
  • Aoki, C , Erişir, A & Levey, I 2001, ' Muscarinic receptor M2 in cat visual cortex: Laminar distribution, relationship to GABAergic neurons and effect of cingulate lesions ', Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol. 441, pp. 168-185. (nyu.edu)
  • Myelination of central neurons increases conduction velocity of action potentials and provides metabolic support to axons 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Of the 107 neurons, 59 (55.1%) were identified as adapting (45) or non-adapting (13) regular spiking neurons (RS), and 48 (44.9%) as intrinsically bursting (IB) neurons discharging with an initial cluster of action potentials, which tended to recur rhythmically in a subset of 19 cells. (unimib.it)
  • Here, we reveal that dACC neurons causally contribute to attention processing by combining a chemogenetic approach that reversibly suppresses neural activity with a translational, touchscreen-based attention task in mice. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers use advanced technology and mice to study dopamine neuron structure, addiction and the brain's ability to recover. (anl.gov)
  • Here, we explored neural coding in the barrel cortex of head-fixed mice that tracked walls with their whiskers in tactile virtual reality. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, it is not clear how information is encoded in these electrical signals, in part, because it is technically challenging to collect data about neuron activity and behavior while the mice move around. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, these findings reveal the neural code in the barrel cortex that allows mice to navigate by touch. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the current study, Inoue and colleagues were successful for the first time in inducing trial-by-trial "adaptation" in voluntary arm movements by artificial electrical stimulation of the premotor cortex (PM) or the primary motor cortex (M1). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here we examine how specific transcriptomic types of mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC) projection neurons relate to axonal projections and encoding properties across multiple cognitive tasks. (inscopix.com)
  • Patients with motor neuron disease (MND) are generally free of cognitive impairment, but evidence is growing to support an association between MND and frontal lobe or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). (medscape.com)
  • Closed-loop optogenetic control of layer 4 neurons can substitute for whisker-object contact to guide behavior resembling wall tracking. (elifesciences.org)
  • This was achieved by moving the walls with motors while holding the mouse still enough to be able to measure the activity of neurons in the barrel cortex and observe the behavior of the animal. (elifesciences.org)
  • Worldwide, frontotemporal lobe dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD/MND) is a sporadic condition with an unknown etiology. (medscape.com)
  • Data now suggest that delocalization, accumulation, and ubiquitination of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons are early dysfunctions in the cascade of the events leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. (medscape.com)
  • Signs and symptoms reflect frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction with lower motor neuron-type weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations. (medscape.com)
  • Upper motor neuron dysfunction disinhibits lower motor neurons, resulting in increased muscle tone (spasticity) and increased muscle stretch reflexes (hyperreflexia). (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, upper motor neuron dysfunction can decrease tone and reflexes if motor paralysis is sudden and severe (eg, in spinal cord transection, in which tone first decreases, then increases gradually over days to weeks) or if the lesion damages the motor cortex of the precentral gyrus and not nearby motor association areas. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Peripheral polyneuropathies tend to be most noticeable in the longest nerves (ie, weakness is more prominent in the distal limb than the proximal and in legs more than arms) and produce signs of lower motor neuron dysfunction (eg, decreased reflexes and muscle tone). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ALS) may have findings of both upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here, we used an optogenetic approach to study the effect of 5-HT on single-unit activity in the mouse primary olfactory (anterior piriform) cortex. (jneurosci.org)
  • Value, search, persistence and model updating in anterior cingulate cortex. (nature.com)
  • Disorders of the spinal cord may affect tracts from upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons (anterior horn cells), or both. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. (nature.com)
  • Border ownership is signaled by a class of V2 neurons, even though its value depends on information coming from well outside their classical receptive fields. (zotero.org)
  • In the model, neurons have spatially local classical receptive fields, are tuned to orientation, and receive information (from V1) about the location and orientation of borders. (zotero.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that this OFF temporal advantage is transferred to visual cortex and has a correlate in human perception. (zotero.org)
  • For example, specific populations of visual neurons in an area of the brain known as the inferior temporal cortex fire more when people or other primates-animals with highly attuned and visual systems-look at faces, places, objects or text. (harvard.edu)
  • Are Sensory Neurons in the Cortex Committed to Original Trigger Features? (intechopen.com)
  • These results together suggest that sensory cortices are capable of adapting to intense experiences by going through a recalibration of corresponding or neighboring sensory area(s) to redirect the sensory function and exhibit remarkable extent of neuroplasticity within the brain. (intechopen.com)
  • How does cortex that normally processes inputs from one sensory modality respond when provided with input from a different modality? (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results have significant implications for possible commonalities in intracortical processing circuits between sensory cortices, and for the role of inputs in specifying intracortical circuitry. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gigantopyramidal neurons, referred to as Betz cells in primates, are characterized by large somata and extensive basilar dendrites. (mssm.edu)
  • Subcortical band heterotopia is a condition in which nerve cells (neurons) do not move (migrate) to their proper locations in the fetal brain during early development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The telencephalon consists of the cortex, the subcortical fibers, and the basal nuclei. (medscape.com)
  • We found that hypomyelination reduces inhibitory connections to L2/3 neurons without affecting excitatory inputs, thus altering excitatory/inhibitory balance. (biorxiv.org)
  • For more than half a century, researchers have known that neurons in the brain's visual system respond more to some images than others-a feature that is critical for the ability to recognize, understand and interpret the multitude of visual clues surrounding us. (harvard.edu)
  • Now a small study in macaques led by investigators in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School has generated some valuable clues based on an artificial intelligence system that can reliably determine what neurons in the brain's visual cortex prefer to see. (harvard.edu)
  • Ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to the striatum as well as the cortex and are involved in movement control and reward-related cognition. (lu.se)
  • In Parkinson's disease, nigrostriatal midbrain dopaminergic neurons degenerate and cause typical Parkinson's disease motor-related impairments, while the dysfunction of mesocorticolimbic midbrain dopaminergic neurons is implicated in addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders. (lu.se)
  • Here, we have developed a human in vitro model that recapitulates key aspects of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum and cortex. (lu.se)
  • We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
  • These parallel tuning patterns imply analogous shape coding mechanisms in intermediate visual and somatosensory cortex. (zotero.org)
  • Barrel-related circuits in the somatosensory cortex of rodents process vibrissal information conveyed through the lemniscal pathway. (ulaval.ca)
  • Neural electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from the motor (M1), somatosensory (S1), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) were obtained and band-pass filtered in the gamma range (30-80Hz). (biorxiv.org)
  • In visual cortex, stimulation outside the classical receptive field can decrease neural activity and also decrease functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signal amplitudes. (zotero.org)
  • Stimulation to the motor cortices induced trial-by-trial increases in reach errors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The direction of the increase in the error was opposite to the "preferred" error direction of the neuron recorded in the stimulation site. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Septal neurons in barrel cortex derive their receptive field input from the lemniscal pathway. (ulaval.ca)
  • This result provides the missing piece of evidence for a separate pathway of vibrissal information that projects to septal columns of the barrel cortex. (ulaval.ca)
  • Optogenetic manipulations revealed that barrel cortex plays a role in wall-tracking. (elifesciences.org)
  • When a whisker touches an object, cells called neurons at the base of the whiskers produce electrical signals that are relayed to other neurons in an area of the brain called the barrel cortex. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments show that the electrical signals in the barrel cortex encode information about motion as well as the distance between the mouse and the wall. (elifesciences.org)
  • For example, some neurons in the barrel cortex were only activated when a mouse was a particular distance from the walls. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments suggest that the barrel cortex processes signals received from several whiskers to build an overall picture of the locations and shapes of objects. (elifesciences.org)
  • Brain function relies on communication between large populations of neurons across multiple brain areas, a full understanding of which would require knowledge of the time-varying activity of all neurons in the central nervous system. (zotero.org)
  • Here we use light-sheet microscopy to record activity, reported through the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G, from the entire volume of the brain of the larval zebrafish in vivo at 0.8 Hz, capturing more than 80% of all neurons at single-cell resolution. (zotero.org)
  • Demonstrating how this technique can be used to reveal functionally defined circuits across the brain, we identify two populations of neurons with correlated activity patterns. (zotero.org)
  • A pioneer neuron is a cell that is a derivative of the preplate in the early stages of corticogenesis of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • When we think about the nervous system, we usually think of neurons - the cells that conduct electrical impulses from the tips of our toes to the brain and through the web of connections within it, generating movement and coding our thoughts. (kavlifoundation.org)
  • But neurons aren't the only cell type in the brain. (kavlifoundation.org)
  • For example, there are star-shaped astroglia that vastly outnumber neurons, and microglia - immune cells that reside in the brain. (kavlifoundation.org)
  • In the developing human brain, radial glia are the immature cells that give rise to astrocytes - star-shaped cells that are actually far more numerous than neurons. (kavlifoundation.org)
  • As we learn, new neuron connections form in the brain. (kavlifoundation.org)
  • The team used a combination of imaging techniques to investigate the formation of learning-induced dendritic spines - small protrusions on neurons that receive input from other neurons - their survival, and resulting brain function. (kavlifoundation.org)
  • Scientists make pivotal discovery of method for wireless modulation of neurons with X-rays that could improve the lives of patients with brain disorders. (anl.gov)
  • Nuclear migration of newly born neurons is essential for cortex formation in the brain. (biologists.com)
  • Rare Neurons Discovered in Monkey Brains Max Planck scientists discover brain cells in monkeys that may be linked to self-awareness. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Additionally, the connectome of an insect brain was mapped, revealing intricate networks of interconnected neurons in the Drosophila larva. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • Its compact yet complex brain structure offers insights into the function of neurons and brain organization. (whatsthatbug.com)
  • These neurons stop their migration process in areas of the brain where they are not supposed to be and form band-like clusters of tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
  • RESULTS: In healthy Wistar rats, we find intracellular Aβ42 (iAβ42) in neurons throughout the brain at all ages, but levels vary greatly between brain regions. (lu.se)
  • The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)
  • 2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)
  • Stanley Heinze is a leading expert in anatomical and physiology analysis of insect brain neurons, with special emphasis on comparative work on the central cortex. (lu.se)
  • However, neuroimaging studies to date have not indicated whether motor cortices encode error signals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We find that whereas CSA altered basal synaptic and membrane properties of the OFCPV neurons in a sex -dependent manner, the effects of 5-HT on these cells were unchanged by CSA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, these cells are the origin of the earliest efferent pathway of the developing cortex. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is thought that axons of pioneer neurons, pioneer axons, serve as a pathway for additional neurons that develop later in the embryo and project their axons to the appropriate target. (wikipedia.org)
  • We virally expressed inhibitory hM4Di DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug) in dACC neurons, and examined the effects of this inhibitory action with the attention-based five-choice serial reaction time task. (nih.gov)
  • AMPA receptor (AMPAR) transmission onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the adult rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) is normally dominated by GluA2-containing, Ca 2+ -impermeable AMPAR (CI-AMPARs). (okstate.edu)
  • Moreover, it has recently been appreciated that myelin is also present on inhibitory neurons 14 but the role of myelin for inhibitory circuits in unknown. (biorxiv.org)
  • It has been proposed that recurrent olfactory cortex feedback circuitry implements associative memory functions such as pattern completion and generalization ( Haberly, 1985 , 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • In all, we suggest a computational theory for recurrent processing in the visual cortex in which the significance of local measurements is evaluated on the basis of a broader visual context that is represented in terms of contour code patterns. (zotero.org)
  • In the rat, pioneer neurons are only present in prenatal brains. (wikipedia.org)
  • To do so, the researchers measured the firing rates from individual visual neurons in the brains of the animals as they were watching images on a computer screen. (harvard.edu)
  • Insects have brains with neurons connected in intricate networks. (whatsthatbug.com)