HumansMotor cortexSensoryAdultExtrastriate visual cortexPlasticityMouse primary visualSurface of the cortexMedial frontal cortexEntorhinal cortexPrefrontalHemisphere dominance2023BrainPosteriorOcular dominanThalamusParietalAuditoryHemispheric dominanceNeuralPerceptualSpatialCytochrome oxidaseOccipitalInferior2018TranscranialHemodynamicOrientationStimuliVisualTemporalAnteriorLateralizationFMRIPatternsCorticalSpeciesLanguageExhibitsHuman
Humans4
- Ocular dominance columns are stripes of neurons in the visual cortex of certain mammals (including humans) that respond preferentially to input from one eye or the other. (wikipedia.org)
- Ocular dominance columns have since been found in many animals, such as ferrets, macaques, and humans. (wikipedia.org)
- All three types of column are present in the visual cortex of humans and macaques, among other animals. (wikipedia.org)
- In humans, the cerebral representation of the olfactory system is small when compared with other sensory systems. (jneurosci.org)
Motor cortex5
- In the motor cortex, we found that interhemispheric inhibition and cross-somatotopic inhibition develop from elementary to junior high school, suggesting that functional differentiation of somatotopic body representation matures during adolescence. (nii.ac.jp)
- As for the cerebro-cerebellar network, we showed that functional connectivity within local region is still strong in elementary school children, and the connectivity between the motor cortex and the cerebellum is enhanced along with development in association with cerebro-cerebellar fiber maturation. (nii.ac.jp)
- The primary motor cortex is the most posterior part of the precentral gyrus. (msdmanuals.com)
- Thus, damage to the motor cortex of one hemisphere causes weakness or paralysis mainly on the contralateral side of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
- OBJECTIVE: Motor imagery may activate the primary motor cortex (M1) and promote functional recovery following stroke. (ox.ac.uk)
Sensory8
- It is known that ocular dominance columns develop before birth, which indicates that if an activity dependent mechanism is involved it must work based on intrinsic activity rather than being sensory experience dependent. (wikipedia.org)
- Are Sensory Neurons in the Cortex Committed to Original Trigger Features? (intechopen.com)
- Sensory cortices are inherently dynamic and exhibit plasticity in response to a variety of stimuli. (intechopen.com)
- These results together suggest that sensory cortices are capable of adapting to intense experiences by going through a recalibration of corresponding or neighboring sensory area(s) to redirect the sensory function and exhibit remarkable extent of neuroplasticity within the brain. (intechopen.com)
- In common with other mammals, the olfactory system is composed of sensory neurons that transmit information from olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, from where signals are then relayed to the olfactory cortex of the brain ( Sheperd, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)
- The parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, all positioned within the posterior part of the cortex, organize sensory information right into a coherent perceptual model of our surroundings centered on our body picture. (riddimsaunter.net)
- This approach led Flourens to conclude that the various sensory and motor functions are not localized to specific regions in the cerebral cortex. (slideserve.com)
- It refers to the highest level of integrative function of the brain, centered in the CEREBRAL CORTEX, regulating language, thought, and behavior via sensory, motor, and cognitive processes. (bvsalud.org)
Adult1
- Lateral geniculate neurons projecting to primary visual cortex show ocular dominance plasticity in adult mice. (mpg.de)
Extrastriate visual cortex3
- Rate effects (fast minus slow presentations) for Chinese character reading were observed in striate and extrastriate visual cortex, superior parietal lobule, left posterior middle temporal gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyri, and bilateral superior frontal gyri. (ox.ac.uk)
- 1. Twenty-four patients with electrodes chronically implanted on the surface of extrastriate visual cortex viewed faces, equiluminant scrambled faces, cars, scrambled cars, and butterflies. (ox.ac.uk)
- 3. The results suggest that discrete regions of inferior extrastriate visual cortex, varying in location between individuals, are specialized for the recognition of faces. (ox.ac.uk)
Plasticity6
- Ocular dominance columns were important in early studies of cortical plasticity, as it was found that monocular deprivation causes the columns to degrade, with the non-deprived eye assuming control of more of the cortical cells. (wikipedia.org)
- While there is evidence that the visual cortex retains a potential for plasticity in adulthood, less is known about the subcortical stages of visual processing. (elifesciences.org)
- Here, we asked whether short-term ocular dominance plasticity affects the human visual thalamus. (elifesciences.org)
- This vPulv plasticity was similar as previously seen in visual cortex and it was correlated with the ocular dominance shift measured behaviorally. (elifesciences.org)
- This finding advances the understanding the mechanisms of short-term visual plasticity which until now has been thought to be confined to visual cortex. (elifesciences.org)
- While ocular dominance plasticity has been thoroughly investigated in the visual cortex, less is known about its effects on subcortical visual processing. (elifesciences.org)
Mouse primary visual1
- To investigate this relationship, we used optical imaging in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). (jneurosci.org)
Surface of the cortex1
- If the columns corresponding to one eye were colored, a pattern similar to that shown in the accompanying figure would be visible when looking at the surface of the cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Medial frontal cortex2
- The medial frontal cortex (sometimes called the medial prefrontal area) is important in arousal and motivation. (msdmanuals.com)
- We discovered a network of subcortical and cortical areas, predominately in the anterior lateral frontal and medial frontal cortex, that was specifically activated by social interaction observation. (elifesciences.org)
Entorhinal cortex1
- Functional network topography of the medial entorhinal cortex. (mpg.de)
Prefrontal3
- Mouse prefrontal cortex represents learned rules for categorization. (mpg.de)
- The prefrontal cortex, amygdala and limbic system, and hypothalamus (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) are thought to be involved in the regulation of fear. (vin.com)
- Using a parametric experimental design, during calculation we found activation in the medial frontal/cingulate gyri, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left anterior insular cortex and right anterior insular cortex/putamen, left lateral parietal cortex, and the medial thalamus. (nih.gov)
Hemisphere dominance2
- Discuss the concepts of hemisphere dominance and memory. (academiascholars.com)
- Although 95% of right-handed folks have left-hemisphere dominance for language, 18.8% of left-handed folks have right-hemisphere dominance for language operate. (riddimsaunter.net)
20231
- 2023 ) Effective networks mediate right hemispheric dominance of human 40 Hz auditory steady-state response. (neurotree.org)
Brain7
- Thermal damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain and subsequent neurologic disease is a. (awionline.org)
- Hand dominance does not emerge in the brain until the second year of life, when the language center and higher cerebral cortex begins to direct function. (mamabebe.org)
- We discovered an extensive white matter network extending from the olfactory bulb to form novel connections directly to other cortices of the brain. (jneurosci.org)
- This part of the study found that promptness to respond in high-dominance men than in low-dominance men was accompanied by a strikingly amplified brain signal around 240 milliseconds after seeing the faces. (epfl.ch)
- In addition, when the researchers analyzed the EEG images of the high-dominance participants, they identified a higher activity in areas of the brain associated with emotion and behavior, compared to low-dominance participants. (epfl.ch)
- It will also be relevant to understand whether these differences in promptness to respond and brain signals are also observed in women that differ in dominance and whether they are already present in children. (epfl.ch)
- Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)
Posterior2
- Lateral projection of a left common carotid artery injection that displays the order of branching in the intracranial carotid, including 1: ophthalmic, 2: posterior communicating, 3: anterior choroidal, and 4: anterior cerebral arteries. (medscape.com)
- The PCoA extends posteriorly to connect with the primary segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), allowing collateral flow to pass between the anterior and posterior circulations. (medscape.com)
Ocular dominan10
- It is believed that ocular dominance columns must be important in binocular vision. (wikipedia.org)
- Surprisingly, however, many squirrel monkeys either lack or partially lack ocular dominance columns, which would not be expected if they are useful. (wikipedia.org)
- Ocular dominance columns were discovered in the 1960s by Hubel and Wiesel as part of their Nobel prize winning work on the structure of the visual cortex in cats. (wikipedia.org)
- Ocular dominance columns are stripe shaped regions of the primary visual cortex that lie perpendicular to the orientation columns, as can be seen in the accompanying figure. (wikipedia.org)
- The ocular dominance columns cover the primary (striate) visual cortex, with the exception of monocular regions of the cortical map corresponding to peripheral vision and the blind spot. (wikipedia.org)
- In macaques, it was found that both blobs and pinwheel centers tend to lie in the center of ocular dominance columns, but no particular relation has been found between pinwheel centers and blobs. (wikipedia.org)
- Most early models of the columns supposed that there were discrete "modules" or "hypercolumns" tiling the cortex, consisting of a repeating unit containing a full set of orientation and ocular dominance columns. (wikipedia.org)
- Further confusing the issue, squirrel monkeys don't always express columns, and even when they do the cytochrome oxidase blobs are not in register with the ocular dominance columns. (wikipedia.org)
- There is no consensus yet as to how ocular dominance columns are initially developed. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, the correlated activation for the retinal waves may direct development of the ocular dominance columns, which receive input from the LGN. (wikipedia.org)
Thalamus2
- Olfactory pathways bypass the thalamus and go directly to specialized areas of the cortex. (msdmanuals.com)
- Multiple nuclei in the thalamus are involved in processing visual signals and relaying them to the cortex. (elifesciences.org)
Parietal2
- they add some support for a special role of the parietal cortex in calculation tasks. (nih.gov)
- In Old World macaque monkeys, Sliwa and Freiwald, 2017 recently identified areas in parietal and frontal cortex that were exclusively activated by the observation of social interactions of other macaques using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). (elifesciences.org)
Auditory2
- Measurements of the temporal fMRI response of the human auditory cortex to trains of tones. (ox.ac.uk)
- Using the data acquired in this study, onset times were calculated for the auditory cortex, and these results are consistent with current models of functional activation. (ox.ac.uk)
Hemispheric dominance1
- Data showed a strong correlation between IAP and fMRI lateralilty indices (r=.91) and 70% agreement in determination of hemispheric dominance, despite increased demonstration of bilateral or atypical language representation in this pediatric sample. (mcw.edu)
Neural3
- My primary interest is to understand how sensorimotor experience in early life influences - for better or worse - the formation and maturation of functional neural circuits in the cerebral cortex. (duke.edu)
- Neural anatomy of primary visual cortex limits visual working memory. (mpg.de)
- The scientists then carried out a fifth experiment to identify neural signals that might show differences in promptness to respond between high- and low- dominance participants. (epfl.ch)
Perceptual2
- Mouse visual cortex areas represent perceptual and semantic features of learned visual categories. (mpg.de)
- With this approach, we previously demonstrated transient shifts of perceptual eye dominance and ocular dominance in visual cortex (Binda et al. (elifesciences.org)
Spatial3
- These properties include the spatial frequencies and organisation of: ocular dominance bands, cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs, singularities and iso-orientation regions. (paulbourke.net)
- Spatial analysis of ocular dominance patterns in monocularly deprived cats. (mpg.de)
- Orientation and direction tuning align with dendritic morphology and spatial connectivity in mouse visual cortex. (mpg.de)
Cytochrome oxidase2
- Similarly, there are columns in the cortex that have high levels of the protein cytochrome oxidase. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, practically every combination of having or not having orientation, dominance, and cytochrome oxidase columns has been observed in one species or another. (wikipedia.org)
Occipital1
- V1 surface size predicts GABA concentration in medial occipital cortex. (mpg.de)
Inferior3
- Number repetition engaged bilateral inferior sensorimotor cortex, bilateral temporal areas, and left inferior frontal cortex. (nih.gov)
- Dissociating linguistic processes in the left inferior frontal cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Is the left inferior frontal cortex (LIFC) a single functional region, or can it be subdivided into distinct areas that contribute differently to word processing? (ox.ac.uk)
20181
- Cerebral Cortex, 15 August 2018. (epfl.ch)
Transcranial3
- 4. Aaslid R, Markwalder TM, Nornes H. Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasound recording of flow velocity in basal cerebral arteries. (ima-press.net)
- 7. Stoobant N, Vingerhoets G. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics during performance of cognitive tasks: a review. (ima-press.net)
- Cerebral hemodynamic lateralization during memory tasks as assessed by functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) sonography: effects of gender and healthy aging. (ima-press.net)
Hemodynamic1
- Rapid cerebral hemodynamic modulation during set shifting: evidence of time-locked associations with cognitive control in females. (ima-press.net)
Orientation4
- However, the same region of cortex could also be colored by the direction of edge that it responds to, resulting in the orientation columns, which are laid out in a characteristic pinwheel shape. (wikipedia.org)
- The core proposition is the existence of two, topographically identical mappings of the visual field to the primary visual cortex, which define the geometrical organisation of orientation preference and drive the formation of patchy connectivity in the supragranular layers. (paulbourke.net)
- The LGS model of the primary visual cortex suggests there is a direct relationship between globally represented objects (e.g. an oriented line) and various other response properties (e.g. orientation preference) which have a local geometry. (paulbourke.net)
- Benchmarking miniaturized microscopy against two-photon calcium imaging using single-cell orientation tuning in mouse visual cortex. (mpg.de)
Stimuli2
- Studies have also found that trained dogs primarily use olfaction in detection settings, regardless of any available visual stimuli, demonstrating the dominance of the olfactory system on dog cognition ( Gazit and Terkel, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
- Associative areas of the cortex combine current states with previous states to predict proper responses based on sets of stimuli. (riddimsaunter.net)
Visual12
- The columns are innervated by input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) into cortical layer 4 and have mostly reciprocal projections to many other parts of the visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)
- This paper presents a model of the mammalian primary visual cortex. (paulbourke.net)
- Swindale (1996) has described a set of canonical properties which a model of the geometry of the primary visual cortex should take into account. (paulbourke.net)
- Layer 4C of the macaque primary visual cortex has a strict retinotopic organisation (Blasdel and Fitzpatrick, 1984) . (paulbourke.net)
- Visual exposure enhances stimulus encoding and persistence in primary cortex. (mpg.de)
- Smaller primary visual cortex is associated with stronger, but less precise mental imagery. (mpg.de)
- Functional connectivity patterns of visual cortex reflect its anatomical organization. (mpg.de)
- Functional and structural features of L2/3 pyramidal cells continuously covary with pial depth in mouse visual cortex. (mpg.de)
- Disparity sensitivity and binocular integration in mouse visual cortex areas. (mpg.de)
- Area-specific mapping of binocular disparity across mouse visual cortex. (mpg.de)
- 2020. Stable encoding of visual cues in the mouse retrosplenial cortex . (cardiff.ac.uk)
- Here we investigate these issues with experiments in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the mouse. (jneurosci.org)
Temporal1
- Given that frontal cortex in general exhibits protracted development, frontal language areas presumably emerge later and/or mature more slowly than temporal language areas. (biorxiv.org)
Anterior2
- If lesions in this area are large and extend to the most anterior part of the cortex (frontal pole), patients sometimes become abulic (apathetic, inattentive, and markedly slow to respond). (msdmanuals.com)
- This artery arises from the common carotid artery in the neck, entering the head at skull base via the carotid canal, and terminates at the bifurcation into the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). (medscape.com)
Lateralization1
- 11. Vingerhoets G, Stroobant N. Lateralization of cerebral blood flow velocity changes during cognitive tasks. (ima-press.net)
FMRI3
- Determination of language dominance in pediatric patients with epilepsy for clinical decision-making: Correspondence of intracarotid amobarbitol procedure and fMRI modalities. (mcw.edu)
- Historically, language dominance has been determined using the intracarotid amobarbitol procedure (IAP), but use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scanning is becoming more common. (mcw.edu)
- In this project, we study the resolution limits of different high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods to resolve differences within the cerebral cortex. (mpg.de)
Patterns2
- We examined cerebral activation patterns with positron emission tomography (PET) in 12 right-handed normal volunteers while they were completing simple calculation tasks or merely repeating numbers. (nih.gov)
- Topologically dissociable patterns of development of the human cerebral cortex. (riddimsaunter.net)
Cortical1
- The columns span multiple cortical layers, and are laid out in a striped pattern across the surface of the striate cortex (V1). (wikipedia.org)
Species2
- There is even variation in expression in individuals of the same species and in different parts of the cortex of the same individual. (wikipedia.org)
- Vocalizations are used by group-living animals as aggressive and submissive signals during agonistic interactions, and are also used to maintain dominance hierarchies in many species. (awionline.org)
Language2
- Even within various language functions (e.g., semantics, syntax, prosody), degree and even hemisphere of dominance may differ. (riddimsaunter.net)
- We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients with cerebral lesions who were referred for fMR imaging language mapping between January 1999 and July 2000. (ajnr.org)
Exhibits1
- On a microscopic stage, the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex, exhibits the capabilities of cells, portions of neurotransmitter levels and receptor subtypes to be markedly asymmetrical between the hemispheres. (riddimsaunter.net)
Human7
- Face recognition in human extrastriate cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
- The human pattern of gyrification in the cerebral cortex. (riddimsaunter.net)
- Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. (riddimsaunter.net)
- Fischl B, Dale AM. Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance imaging. (riddimsaunter.net)
- Hierarchies exist across all human and animal societies, organized by what behavioral scientists refer to as dominance. (epfl.ch)
- 5. Aaslid, R. Visually evoked dynamic blood flow response of the human cerebral circulation. (ima-press.net)
- To assess risk for cattle-to-human transmission of pri- ternatively named BASE) was also shown to produce ons that cause uncommon forms of bovine spongiform en- overt disease with an attack rate of 30% ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)