• While most refugees claim Bhutanese nationality, Bhutan claims that they are "voluntary emigrants" who forfeited their citizenship rights, denying their refugee status. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several insurgent groups, including those with Maoist affiliations, have arisen from the refugee camps, whom Bhutanese security forces blamed for a series of bombings in Bhutan before the 2008 parliamentary elections. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2008, it transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy and held the first election to the National Assembly of Bhutan , that has a two party system characterizing Bhutanese democracy . (dharmapedia.net)
  • The latter phenomenon comes with a strong Bhutanese flavour but in sum one can state that democracy has arrived in Bhutan. (sadf.eu)
  • This marked not only the founding of the Bhutanese state but also the end of civil-war and the conflict with the British Raj in South Asia. (sadf.eu)
  • During the 1990s, conflict broke out between ethnic Nepalese and ethnic Bhutanese. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Following the census, Bhutan attempted to force Bhutanese culture in order to force assimilation. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • The governments of Nepal and Bhutan have been unable to come to any agreement as far as repatriation, leaving these Bhutanese refugees in a state of limbo. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • In the 1980's the Bhutanese government saw the Lhotshampa people, natives of Southern Bhutan, as a political threat. (swarthmore.edu)
  • Yes, we are talking about Bhutan, and the person upon whom the horrendous torture was inflicted is none other than Bhutanese human rights leader Tek Nath Rizal. (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • Then, he goes on to explain the composition of Bhutanese population-Ngalongs (the ruling group mainly living in north), Sharchhokpas (Buddhist inhabitants of eastern and central region) and Lhotshampas (ethnic Nepalese living in southern Bhutan). (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • The so-called "One Nation, One People" policy, an anachronistic campaign in a country marked by a mosaic of cultures, religion and ethnicity, stripped many ethnic Nepalese of Bhutanese citizenship and curtailed their basic rights. (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • Further, ethnic assertions by people of Nepali origin in Bhutan have meant democratisation of the Bhutanese polity and society. (epw.in)
  • Kong's July 22-24 visit to Thimphu, Bhutan's capital, was the first by a senior Chinese official since last year's 72-day standoff between Indian and Chinese forces on the Doklam plateau, a high-altitude tri-junction area which is claimed by China while India and Bhutan see it as Bhutanese territory. (asiatimes.com)
  • Political turbulence and separatist violence in the Indian states of Assam and West Bengal are impacting the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan, notes one Bhutanese analyst. (viewsweek.com)
  • Engaging with these and other strands is Marrying in South Asia, a volume which looks closely at Bangladeshi, Pakistani and south Indian Muslims, Bhutanese ethnic groups, Nepali widows, the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora, south Asian gays and lesbians, middle class and urban, working class communities and many other groups. (orientblackswan.com)
  • Meanwhile, the Royal Bhutanese Police (RBP) claimed that any one of the three Nepal-based organizations could have been responsible for the attacks: the Bhutan Tiger Force, the Bhutan Maoist Party and the Communist Party of Bhutan. (satp.org)
  • 2. Pro-military groups have become more powerful due to conflict with India in Pakistan whereas in Bangladesh, pro-military groups are powerful due to friendship and encouragement of India. (shikshaway.com)
  • Due to its strategic geopolitical location, Northeast is a highly sensitive region sharing over 2,000 km of border with Bhutan, China, Myanmar and Bangladesh and connected to the rest of India by a narrow 20-km wide corridor of land. (accb.org.uk)
  • The separatists find easy shelter across the borders in Burma, Bangladesh and Bhutan, particularly in the remote hill regions. (accb.org.uk)
  • Frequent border skirmishes between India and Bangladesh before Land boundary agreement , issue of refugees between Bhutan and Nepal , the irritants in relations between India and Nepal over the open border, disputes between India and Sri Lanka over the Tamil ethnic issue and other sporadic events have constrained the growth of regional cooperation in the region. (iasabhiyan.com)
  • Pakistan and Bangladesh have Islam as state religion, Sri Lanka and Bhutan are Buddhist and Nepal a Hindu state. (muslimsocieties.org)
  • South Asia typically consists of Bangladesh , Bhutan , the Republic of India , Maldives , Nepal , Pakistan and Sri Lanka . (muslimsocieties.org)
  • Businessmen from the region want to promote the development of a Bhutan-Siliguri-Bangladesh corridor to boost trade among the neighbouring nations. (vifindia.org)
  • At the recently concluded Bimstec business conclave here, businessmen present told PTI that improving road connectivity in North Bengal that links the three countries - Bhutan, Bangladesh and Nepal - will not only improve trade volume, but will also help generate employment. (vifindia.org)
  • The geographic location of the Northeastern flank makes it a chink in India's armor, as it is connected by a 17km wide chicken-neck corridor to India while being surrounded by Bhutan, China, Myanmar, and Bangladesh from Northern, Eastern, and Western fronts respectively. (thesvi.org)
  • Most of the refugees are Lhotshampa - Nepali-speaking Hindus of Nepalese descent who had settled in Bhutan. (wikipedia.org)
  • First of 60,000 refugees from Bhutan arrive in the U.S." CNN. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anti-government protests in the early 1990s led to several thousand refugees fleeing Bhutan. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • The Bhutan refugees resided in United Nations-sponsored refugee camps in Nepal. (swarthmore.edu)
  • Unbecoming Citizens: Culture, Nationhood, and the Flight of Refugees from Bhutan. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Bhutan: refugees from Shangri-la' Index on Censorship 22.4 (1993): 9-14. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Ethnic nationalism, refugees and Bhutan' Journal of Refugee Studies 9.4 (1996): 397-420. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Since 1991, around one hundred thousand refugees, the victims of what British scholar Michael Hutt calls "one of the world's least known ethnic conflicts", now languish in seven refugee camps in southeast Nepal (Many have opted for third country resettlement initiated by the US in 2008). (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • Situated between the emerging superpowers of India and China, the isolated Buddhist kingdom of Bhutan, hailed by some as 'the last Shangri-La', has generated one of the highest numbers of refugees in the world in proportion to its population. (chaaipani.com)
  • Little did I know that behind its gross national happiness index lies the story of an inter-ethnic conflict which forced more than 100,000 refugees - almost one seventh of Bhutan's total population - to seek asylum in Nepal. (chaaipani.com)
  • The Syrian conflict - now in its seventh year - has produced 13 million refugees , making it the largest refugee crisis of the 21st century. (globalcitizen.org)
  • Lubbers' first mission was to the West Africa sub-region in February 2001 where the conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone spilled over both countries' borders and threatened to destabilize Guinea, displacing thousands of refugees and Guineans and killing hundreds. (hrw.org)
  • In 2004, Nepal and Bhutan signed an agreement to increase the number of flights between Paro and Kathmandu from twice a week to seven flights a week. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies (3rd ed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two countries that were not possessions of the British Empire, however, namely Nepal and Bhutan, are considered part of the subcontinent, mostly for cultural, religious, and political regions. (worldatlas.com)
  • Both Nepal and Bhutan are also considered part of the Indian Subcontinent for historical and political reasons. (worldatlas.com)
  • Nepal and Bhutan in 2004. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Nepal and Bhutan in 2005. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • For, the two Himalayans, Nepal and Bhutan, can hardly afford to be at loggerheads. (himalmag.com)
  • But the small Himalayan mountain state of Sikkim, which borders Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan, is the first 100 percent organic farming state in the world. (ipsnews.net)
  • There are also ethnic and religious ties between Afghanistan and Pakistan. (worldatlas.com)
  • Fundamental concerns in India include the ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, massive overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic strife, all this despite impressive gains in economic investment and output. (slideserve.com)
  • So, places like the disputed India-Pakistan border, conflict in Jharkhand and ethnopolitical conflict in western Assam, Manas are all places which are vulnerable in the future as well," study co-author Abishek Harihar told Mongabay-India. (mongabay.com)
  • Increasingly majority groups have been marginalizing minority religions and ethnic groups through violence, legal structures and economic exploitation in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and other countries. (blogspot.com)
  • The conventional wisdom that nuclear capability could be an effective deterrence to conflict proves to be a false pretension in the region as India and Pakistan have been engaged in armed conflicts with each other. (blogspot.com)
  • Besides, the danger of conflict escalation with Pakistan puts India's neighbours at unease. (c3sindia.org)
  • These Lhotsampa retained their Nepali cultural identity, which the Bhutan government perceived as a threat. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Up north across the Brahmaputra /Padma in the Himalaya, Bhutan is the only South Asian country that has so far succeeded in its undeclared drive of "ethnic cleansing" by driving a good proportion (one-seventh by a credible count) of its Nepali-speakers to the refugee camps of eastern Nepal. (himalmag.com)
  • The Global Times, a Chinese Communist Party mouthpiece newspaper, quoted a Chinese academic referring to Kong's visit saying, "So far Bhutan cannot completely get rid of India's influence on politics, economy, diplomacy and security. (asiatimes.com)
  • India's response to the infrastructure project made it appear as the belligerent party while at the same time raising concern in Bhutan, where India's military presence is politically sensitive. (asiatimes.com)
  • Who are India's Chakma minority and why they continue to be victims of ethnic conflict in Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh states? (viewsweek.com)
  • India's Constitution has long seemed stable, but the rise of an ethnic, absolute, and opaque state is changing the constitutional order in momentous and disturbing ways. (journalofdemocracy.org)
  • There are 56 rivers that flow down from the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan to the eastern state of Assam in India to meet the Brahmaputra River. (thethirdpole.net)
  • Downstream communities in Assam have regularly raised the alarm, attributing these changes to dam building upstream in Bhutan. (thethirdpole.net)
  • The mostly tribal population is recovering from intermittent periods of ethnic conflict and armed clashes in Assam that has displaced over 400,000 people since 1996. (thethirdpole.net)
  • The flood situation in Lower Assam is likely to be worsened as excessive waters has been released from the Kurichhu Hydropower Plant reservoir in Kuricchu River in Bhutan, reports emerged on Sunday. (vifindia.org)
  • On 5 th February 2016, Queen Jetsun Pema gave birth to her first child, a son, at the Lingkana Palace in Thimphu, the capital of the last Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan ( Drukyul - Land of the Thunder Dragon). (sadf.eu)
  • The peaceful Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan was rocked by a series of explosions between 11.10am and 2.10pm at four different locations, all in the South Western region of the country, including one in the capital Thimpu, on January 20, 2008. (satp.org)
  • The 1988 census was prompted by mass waves of illegal immigration into Bhutan during the 1980s. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Sociocultural and political change in Bhutan since the 1980s: reflections from a distance' in Development Challenges in Bhutan: Perspectives on Inequality and Gross National Happiness , edited by Johannes Dragsbæk Schmidt. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • This spawned a series of protests in the late 1980s and early 1990s in southern Bhutan, eventually resulting in the mass exodus of the Lhotshampas. (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • One example is the recurring ethno-political violence that rocked Assam's Manas National Park (MNP), in the Bhutan-Himalayan foothills, from the late 1980s till 2003 changing the spread and abundance of wildlife, including royal Bengal tigers. (mongabay.com)
  • and third, the era since 2008 when Bhutan became the world's youngest democracy after passing a new constitution and holding the first National Assembly elections. (sadf.eu)
  • Most of the world's mammals and birds are already threatened by habitat loss, overexploitation and human disturbances, and we show that for conflict-affected species these threats occur more often than for species not affected by conflict, highlighting that conflicts act as threat multipliers," Harihar explained. (mongabay.com)
  • Bhutan-Nepal relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Bhutan and Nepal. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the initial diarchy of lay and ecclesiastical leadership in Bhutan agreed to establish a hereditary monarchy and a coronation agreement with the British was signed, Sir Ugyen Wangchuk , the son of the 51st Druk Desi and influential pro-British governor of Tongsa, became Bhutan's first king in 1907. (sadf.eu)
  • He has also authored a book on China's border disputes, Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes . (rediff.com)
  • d) In the conflict between the military and pro-democracy groups, the military has prevailed over democracy. (shikshaway.com)
  • Recent years have also seen the growth of conflicting demands for independent homelands between various ethnic groups, which have resulted in ethnic clashes and much bloodshed. (accb.org.uk)
  • The government has taken initiatives to accelerate economic development and opened dialogues with many of these groups to politically resolve causes of grievances and conflicts. (accb.org.uk)
  • He notes then existing communal harmony, as he comments, "For centuries, people belonging to these groups have lived in perfect communal, religious and ethnic harmony. (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • In the later part of the 1700s, Nepal was formed by uniting various ethnic groups and principalities under a high caste Hindu dynasty. (joshuaproject.net)
  • The conflict between the military, ethnic groups and political parties has affected Myanmar's stability. (kathmandupost.com)
  • South Asia has been invaded and settled by many ethnic groups over the centuries including various Dravidian , Indo-Aryan and Iranian groups. (muslimsocieties.org)
  • Open source information, however, indicates that all these groups are, in fact, a single organisation - the Bhutan Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) [BCP (MLM)] of which Bhutan Tiger Force (BTF) is the armed wing. (satp.org)
  • Although well-established and respected, alongside a million other ethnic Rohingya, Tun Khin was rendered stateless by a 1982 nationality law that excluded the Rohingya from a list of groups considered indigenous and therefore eligible for Burmese nationality. (lu.se)
  • The critique of methodological nationalism in the study of transnational migration and ethnicity usefully points out that transnational linkages can be more important for ethnic groups than their location in a particular nation-state, but this should not lead us to forget the central importance of national borders and definitions of citizenship that shape the conditions that ethnic groups try to negotiate through their transnational networks. (lu.se)
  • Manipur is home to three major ethnic groups, the Kukis (Christians residing in the hilly areas) , the Nagas and the Metis (Hindus residing in the valley, closer to the capital Imphal). (thesvi.org)
  • Sikkim and Bhutan at 2500-4000 m (Vidakovic 1991). (findmeacure.com)
  • In June 2017, Chinese road construction crews protected by Chinese troops began to build a road through the disputed area located on the eastern flank of the Chumbi valley, a narrow salient between western Bhutan and the mountainous Indian state of Sikkim. (asiatimes.com)
  • Nepal's late King Birendra visited Bhutan to attend a SAARC meeting in 1988. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1988, the Bhutan government had conducted its first census, discovering a significant Lhotsampa (â southernersâ ) population. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second least populous nation after the Maldives . (dharmapedia.net)
  • subsequent communal conflicts, sectarian violence perpetrated by different religious communities in the countries of the region could not escape religious influence. (muslimsocieties.org)
  • The ethnic conflict and the consequent movement for democracy and human rights have led to a high degree of politicisation in Bhutan, cutting across ethnic lines. (epw.in)
  • In an interview with rediff.com 's P Rajendran , Dr Fravel argues that China has beefed up border security and associated infrastructure along all of its borders not just the one with India, although it has settled all its land border disputes, except those with India and Bhutan. (rediff.com)
  • Recent estimates suggest that, in the year 2018, Rwanda and Bhutan, both of which are LMICs, 570,000 new cervical cancers cases occurred started national HPV vaccination programs in 2011 worldwide ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Over 75 percent of terrestrial mammal and bird species experienced armed conflicts globally within their ranges during 1989-2018, according to a study. (mongabay.com)
  • Drawing from a global dataset, the study by Wildlife Conservation Society-India (WCS-India), Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), and Panthera researchers reveals that currently at least 4291 (78 percent) terrestrial mammal species and 9056 (85 percent) terrestrial bird species experienced armed conflicts within their ranges during 1989-2018. (mongabay.com)
  • Global patterns of armed conflicts between 1989 and 2018 depicted by the number of years of conflicts. (mongabay.com)
  • The government began to discriminate against them, and in the early 1990's, 100,000 people from Southern Bhutan fled their country, fearing for their safety. (swarthmore.edu)
  • In an editorial, the paper said the arrival of a national television channel would mean that the satellite dishes dotting the Thimphu skyscape would be a thing of the past: "Once Bhutan is able to telecast national programmes and selected international programmes the cumbersome and expensive dish antennae become unnecessary. (himalmag.com)
  • While the 2017 stand-off in Bhutan between India and China was a cause for serious concern, it simultaneously indicated that the Delhi-Thimphu dimension of SAARC is well in place, and reaffirmed strong relationship between India and Bhutan. (c3sindia.org)
  • Bhutan and Nepal are both Himalayan countries and until 2008, Nepal was also a monarchy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The slow but definite transformation of Bhutan into a constitutional monarchy is the outcome of political struggles waged by the people since the late 1920s. (epw.in)
  • Two parties - the Druk Phuensum Tshogpa (DPT, Bhutan Harmony Party) and the People's Democratic Party (PDP) - will contest the elections that will formally end absolute monarchy in the country. (satp.org)
  • Notably, despite India having substantial military strength which can influence conflict outcomes in South Asia, Delhi does not possess the economic clout and diplomatic flair to be the ideal candidate for the post of regional manager (Thakur 2013). (c3sindia.org)
  • They spoke dozens of languages, and their faces offered a visual kaleidoscope of the continent's ethnic diversity. (seattleu.edu)
  • With no dearth of serious issues - terrorism, internal and external conflicts, religious and ethnic intolerance, poverty and the nuclear race - peace and progress appear to be remote. (blogspot.com)
  • Post-colonial South Asia has also witnessed religious and ethnic intolerance on an unprecedented scale. (blogspot.com)
  • In countries as disparate as Sweden and India, I have seen how globalization intensifies competition for jobs and resources, leading to dramatic social breakdown - including not only ethnic and religious conflict, but also depression, alcoholism and suicide. (dgrnewsservice.org)
  • Keeping in view the salience of existing situation, US envoy to India stated on 6th July, 2023 that northeast of India is a geographically significant region, Manipur and its people are important for US and therefore US is ready to assist with the resolution of ongoing conflict, keeping the sovereign concerns of India intact. (thesvi.org)
  • For species whose ranges extend beyond active conflict zones, proactive conservation measures in non-conflict areas could play a role in facilitating post-conflict recovery, he said. (mongabay.com)
  • Bhutan is also notable for pioneering the concept of gross national happiness . (dharmapedia.net)
  • This Panel tries to shed light on this humanitarian crisis as well as to give possible pathways for a peaceful resolution of the conflict. (lu.se)
  • This is seen when ethnic minorities shape foreign policy in other countries. (c3sindia.org)
  • The government of India, instead of looking deeper into the prevailing ethnic security dilemma among minorities of the region, invoked Article 355 of the constitution, to securitize the issue as a threat to the state. (thesvi.org)
  • Bhutan is, like Nepal, a mountain kingdom in the Himalayas, bordered on the north by China and on the south by India. (eliteresearchpapers.com)
  • Pichamon Yeophantong, a political scientist and China expert at UNSW Canberra, told the ABC that environmental threats act as a 'threat multiplier' on existing tensions such as China's urban-rural divide, rather than being the source of conflict. (abc.net.au)
  • Attention to conflict resiliency in conservation plans is crucial because conflicts act as threat multipliers for species imperiled by habitat loss, overexploitation and human disturbances. (mongabay.com)
  • To enhance the recognition of armed conflict as a threat to species, the authors suggest ensuring that future species reassessments (for example under IUCN RedList), explicitly mention "war, civil unrest and military exercises" for the identified species. (mongabay.com)
  • Unfortunately, internal conflicts in South Asia are in abundance and pose a real threat to regional harmony. (blogspot.com)
  • Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with 52 countries and the European Union, but does not have formal ties with the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . (dharmapedia.net)
  • But the river itself has been a source of tension and even conflict for countries and territories that lie along it and there have been rumours of "possible war for the Nile" for years now. (ipsnews.net)
  • Diaz's research focuses on dietary patterns and ethnic-associated risk factors for metabolic syndrome. (ipsnews.net)
  • There is also diverse wildlife in Bhutan . (dharmapedia.net)
  • The impacts of armed conflicts on wildlife globally are underestimated, according to recent research which calls for urgent attention to conflict resiliency in conservation plans for a wide suite of species. (mongabay.com)
  • Acknowledging that major threats nowadays "cannot be dealt with weaponry: namely global warming, migration, the rich-poor gap and cyber-attacks", the author offers a roadmap that makes peace profitable and attractive, by developing an overall strategy for the prevention of armed conflicts, coordinated with dialogue and early intervention. (peaceinsight.org)
  • India will not tolerate acts of aggression on Bhutan, both for its own security and to safeguard the sovereignty of the small kingdom. (c3sindia.org)
  • Traditionally, the region of South Asia has welcomed diverse communities and ethnic entities in its fold for centuries and the region is host to many languages, cultures, traditions, folkways, mores which have always attracted the sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists and economists from around the world. (muslimsocieties.org)
  • Bhutan fostered a strategic partnership with India during the rise of Chinese communism and has a disputed border with the People's Republic of China . (dharmapedia.net)
  • One could argue that Tibet is part of the Indian Subcontinent because it is linguistically and culturally closer to Bhutan and India rather than China. (worldatlas.com)
  • He also suggests that India has tried to make most of the concessions that China was willing to offer, thus influencing the intensity of the conflict. (rediff.com)
  • But] China hopes Bhutan could be independent in these respects like Nepal. (asiatimes.com)
  • If China wants to drive a wedge between India and Bhutan, then Kong's visit was strategically timed. (asiatimes.com)
  • Due to climate change all the rivers flowing from Bhutan to India have changed their behaviour dramatically in the last decade - with long periods of dryness, shallow flow and then repeated flash floods, followed by massive amount of silt, sand, sediments, stones and boulders hurtling downstream across the border into India, constantly altering the river's course. (thethirdpole.net)
  • Governance structures are further challenged by growing urbanization and exodus from rural areas, high youth unemployment rates, climate change and the scramble for scarce natural resources, and latent and armed conflicts. (helvetas.org)
  • The people of the Indian Subcontinent have shared ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and historical ties. (worldatlas.com)
  • But soon, a picture of exploitation emerges beneath the beauty: People who are forced to work en masse on a road construction are stamped on their faces as a proof of attendance. (bhutannewsservice.org)
  • He has lectured and trained media people in Cambodia, Vietnam, Bhutan and Uganda. (lu.se)
  • From Ladakh and Bhutan to Sweden and Australia, a clear pattern has emerged: as people are pushed into deepening dependence on large-scale, technological systems, ecological and social crises escalate. (dgrnewsservice.org)
  • Bhutan in 1995: weathering the storm' Asian Survey 36.2 (1996): 204-8. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • Bhutan in 1996: continuing stress' Asian Survey 37.2 (1997): 155-9. (michaelhutt.co.uk)
  • The major current and upcoming tasks of the royal dynasty and the political-economic elites in Bhutan need to be to continue the ongoing changes but also to find mechanisms to reverse the existing economic and political inequalities. (sadf.eu)
  • The Nepal-Bhutan Friendship and Cultural Society was established in Kathmandu to facilitate good relations in 1969. (wikipedia.org)
  • But global species assessments such as the IUCN Red List recognise only 107 species (87 mammals, 20 birds) as threatened by "war, civil unrest and military exercises" as against the 615 species that the study highlights as exposed to both widespread and frequent conflicts. (mongabay.com)
  • The independence of Bhutan has endured for centuries, and the territory was never colonized in its history . (dharmapedia.net)
  • Otherwise, the much appraised 'social harmony' in Bhutan will be at stake. (sadf.eu)
  • In an independent report Conflict and Conservation, the IUCN focuses on armed conflict and nature, underscoring that overall, 70 percent of birds, mammals and amphibians have current ranges that overlap with armed conflict events. (mongabay.com)
  • Only two parties were allowed to contest the recent elections in Bhutan according to the draft constitution prepared by experts chosen by the king. (epw.in)