To date, three clinical distinct phenotypes of endometriosis of the pelvis are recognized: ovarian cysts (endometrioma), peritoneal implants of endometriotic lesions and deep infiltrating endometriosis [1]. (fortuneonline.org)
Therefore, this pictorial essay elucidates the US findings of various splenic lesions, in correlation with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and pathology. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Positron3
Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning may also be useful in delineating the extent of tumor or metastases. (medscape.com)
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images revealed intrapericardial FDG accumulation with a standardized uptake value of 6.0 ( Fig. 1B ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Pleural effusions2
Pleural effusions are common and may obscure the presence of the underlying pleural thickening. (medscape.com)
Chest computed tomography revealed an irregular, thickened pericardium with diffuse enhancement, with loculated large amounts of pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions ( Fig. 1A ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Diagnosis3
CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive imaging findings while others have similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. (sajr.org.za)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive modality that helps in non-invasive diagnosis, with excellent delineation of the disease extent, and thus provides a presurgical mapping of the disease, which is helpful for the operating surgeon [ 6 ]. (polradiol.com)
Cavity4
Endometriosis is a common benign and chronic inflammatory gynaecological disease due to functional endometrial glands and stroma in an ectopic location outside the uterine cavity [ 1 ]. (polradiol.com)
This drawback is explained by immunological theory, which states that normally refluxed menstrual endometrium is cleared from the peritoneal cavity by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes preventing endometriosis in most cases. (polradiol.com)
However, there is reduced immunological clearance of refluxed endometrium from the peritoneal cavity, causing endometriosis in some women with immune system dysfunction. (polradiol.com)
However, several mechanisms have been proposed, such as through lymphatic channels, blood vessels, and peritoneal cavity 9 . (radiopaedia.org)
Diffuse1
Diffuse pleural thickening or extensive lobular pleural-based masses are seen in about 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
Lymphatic1
Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. (sajr.org.za)
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) axial ( Fig. 1A ) and coronal ( Fig. 1B ) portal phase images showed irregular circumferential edematous wall thickening at the hepatic flexure of the colon. (e-kjar.org)
The spleen, sometimes called "the forgotten organ" of the abdomen, has received less attention than other abdominal solid organs, as splenic diseases are less common and frequently clinically asymptomatic [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Therefore, US is widely used and frequently chosen as the first imaging modality for most abdominal imaging, both for general abdominal examinations and for patients suspected of having splenic diseases. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Multiple irregular3
Colonoscopy showed multiple irregular ulcers in colon. (frontiersin.org)
A total of three colonoscopes and biopsies were performed for the patient, and the results showed multiple irregular ulcers in the whole colon ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
They appear as solitary or multiple irregular hypoechoic masses with heterogeneous echotexture and increased echogenicity in the surrounding mesentery and omentum on USG and show increased internal vascularity on colour Doppler. (sajr.org.za)
Examination3
Chest radiography is the initial screening examination, while computed tomography (CT) scanning is preferred for staging the tumor. (medscape.com)
Chest computed tomography imaging examination revealed an irregular thickened pericardium with large amounts of pericardial effusion and a small pleural effusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
Examination of a surgically resected specimen revealed a grayish‑white thickening of the pericardium, with a straw‑colored mucinous pericardial effusion. (spandidos-publications.com)
Chest1
Mechanical distortion of the hemithorax, chest wall masses, periosteal rib reaction or rib destruction by the tumor are signs of advanced disease. (medscape.com)
On further evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the axial fat-suppressed T2 weighted image ( Fig. 1D ) showed circumferential T2 hyperintense wall thickening with a uniform layer of the transverse colon. (e-kjar.org)
However, to the authors' knowledge, there are not enough up-to-date ultrasonographic imaging reviews of splenic diseases [ 2 - 5 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Tumor1
The tumor frequently extends into the fissures, which become thickened and irregular in contour. (medscape.com)
Endometriosis3
Conclusion: Polypoid endometriosis is a very rare disease but should be taken into account in postmenopausal women with use of tamoxifen or hormonal therapy. (fortuneonline.org)
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of fertile women [1], up to 50% of women with infertility problems and up to 70% of women with chronic pelvic pain [2]. (fortuneonline.org)
Due to its nature as an estrogen dependent disease, endometriosis usually resolves in menopause because of decreasing hormone levels. (fortuneonline.org)
Radiographs2
therefore, disease extent is frequently underestimated in radiographs. (medscape.com)
The most common mesothelioma finding on radiographs is unilateral, concentric, plaquelike, or nodular pleural thickening (as seen in the images below). (medscape.com)
Contrast enhancement2
They demonstrate various contrast enhancement patterns including early peripheral enhancement because of vascular tissue ( Figure 1 ), delayed central enhancement of the fibrotic components, heterogenous, homogenous and absent enhancement. (sajr.org.za)
Strong contrast enhancement is usually seen in the solid component or the wall of the intratumoral cyst 5 . (radiopaedia.org)
Findings2
The radiographic findings of mesothelioma are nonspecific and are observed in other diseases, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and benign asbestos disease. (medscape.com)
While a CT may be able to directly visualize breaks in the bladder wall, findings are usually more non-specific: free fluid, ascites, or bladder wall enhancement. (emdocs.net)
Asbestos2
More common diseases, such as benign asbestos-related pleural disease and metastatic adenocarcinoma , can look radiographically identical to mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
Unlike pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, the association between exposure to asbestos and PMPM remains controversial ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Adenocarcinoma1
BACKGROUND: The frequency and prognosis of positive peritoneal washing cytology (CY1) in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (R-PDAC) remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Colon1
IX administration increased markers of intestinal barrier function, including thickening the mucin layer and increasing caludin-1, a tight-junction related protein in the colon. (bvsalud.org)
Common2
Evaluation of the mesentery is often neglected during routine ultrasound (US) because of inadequate training and unfamiliarity with the common US features encountered with mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
Pathophysiology Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital anomaly, occurring in almost 1% of live births ( 1). (msdmanuals.com)
Primary1
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma mainly involving the upper aerodigestive tract, even rarer is primary extranasal disease involving the intestine. (frontiersin.org)
Computed tomography (CT) scan in a 65-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder and invasion of the liver (same patient as in the previous image). (medscape.com)
Staging workups, including computed tomography (CT) scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis showed a circumferential and irregular thickening fundic area arriving in contact with body pancreas without infiltration sign without loco regional lymph node. (biomedcentral.com)
Contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen revealed an irregular mass invading the superior mesenteric artery, and the first and second jejunal arteries(>180°)in the pancreatic uncinate region. (bvsalud.org)
Liver1
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is an inflammatory process that cannot be reliably distinguished from GB carcinoma on CT scans because of multiple, overlapping features, such as GB wall thickening and involvement of the surrounding tissues, including portal lymph node, fat, and liver tissue. (medscape.com)
Metastases1
The visualization of lymph nodes, intraperitoneal disease, and distant metastases is difficult. (medscape.com)
Masses2
CT scans can detect GB masses and thickening of the GB wall. (medscape.com)
Computed tomography (CT) scanning can detect GB masses and thickening of the GB wall, as well as the extent of hepatic invasion (see the 2 images below). (medscape.com)
This image demonstrates heterogeneous thickening of the gallbladder wall (arrows). (medscape.com)
The thickened GB wall may show abnormally bright or persistent enhancement on infused CT scans. (medscape.com)
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and endoscopy revealed an ill-defined lesion involving the second portion of the duodenum, predominantly along the medial wall, and measuring 60 mm in diameter. (bvsalud.org)
Shows1
Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. (medscape.com)