Components cell cell recognition glycolipids antigens tumor associated carbohydrate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glycoproteins are relevant as cell-surface receptors, cell-adhesion molecules, immunoglobulins, and tumor antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Glycolipids are important for cell recognition, and are important for modulating the function of membrane proteins that act as receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, they can serve as receptors for cellular recognition and cell signaling. (wikipedia.org)
Several studies have shown that sialo-glycans are critical in monitoring immune surveillance by engaging with cis and trans inhibitory Siglec receptors on immune cells. (bvsalud.org)
By recognizing common sialic acid containing glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids as regulatory receptors for immune cell signals, Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and play important roles in normal homeostasis and self-tolerance. (bvsalud.org)
Particular emphasis is placed on the relevant functions of Siglecs in self-tolerance and as pattern recognition receptors in immune responses, thereby potentially providing emerging strategies for the treatment of bone related diseases. (bvsalud.org)
This practice was considered a secret because the co-stimulatory properties of adjuvants were overshadowed by the focus on antigen interactions with T and B cell receptors. (silverchair.com)
Janeway advocated systematically sorting through the components of empirically discovered adjuvants to identify the individual stimulatory molecules and their cellular receptors, especially those that lead to interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion ( Janeway, 1989 ). (silverchair.com)
Cell surface receptors containing an immunoglobin domain. (embl.de)
Killer cell inhibitory receptors. (embl.de)
The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (CD3 COMPLEX). (edu.au)
Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. (cnrs.fr)
Recall that an adhesin is a protein or glycoprotein found on the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host cell. (pressbooks.pub)

Cell surface proteins and extracellular proteins are O-glycosylated. (wikipedia.org)
Lectins, or proteins that bind carbohydrates, can recognize specific oligosaccharides and provide useful information for cell recognition based on oligosaccharide binding. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation. (musicastorrent.com)
Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)
The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)
Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
They filter bacteria and small foreign proteins out of the blood, and dispose of worn out red blood cells. (lookformedical.com)
Apfel R, Lottspeich F, Hoppe J, Behl C, Durr G, Bogdahn U. Purification and analysis of growth regulating proteins secreted by a human melanoma cell line. (2medicalcare.com)
Much has been learned regarding nuclear entry, but the cellular proteins involved are still unknown and the exact role of each viral component remains controversial [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Not all natural oligosaccharides occur as components of glycoproteins or glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
In biology, glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to an organic molecule, creating structures such as glycoproteins and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are by definition covalently bonded to carbohydrates. (wikipedia.org)
All cells are coated in either glycoproteins or glycolipids, both of which help determine cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins , mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins . (lookformedical.com)
We observed that P- and E-selectin bound to pronase-sensitive ligands on murine monocytic WEHI-3 cells and murine neutrophils, indicating that the ligands for both selectins are glycoproteins. (ashpublications.org)

Glycolipids are lipid molecules bound to oligosaccharides, generally present in the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, removing sialic acid from the cell surface of human DCs induces their maturation, thus increasing the expression of MHC molecules and antigen presentation. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, it can restore the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and IL-12, resulting in DCs having a higher ability to polarize T-cells toward a Th1 phenotype and specifically activate cytotoxic T-cells to kill tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Freund's and BCG adjuvants contain hundreds of natural molecules, yet the particular components that mediate therapeutic effects have not been identified. (silverchair.com)
Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. (edu.au)
Plant polysaccharides refer to complex and large carbohydrates synthesized by the condensation and dehydration of multiple monosaccharide molecules in plants. (bioglyco.com)

Transmembrane or otherwise tumor-associated polypeptides specifically expressed on the surface of cancer cells as compared to normal, non-cancerous cell(s) have been identified as cellular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy with antibodies. (justia.com)
Identification of such tumor-associated cell surface antigen polypeptides, i.e. tumor associated antigens (TAA), allows specific targeting of cancer cells for destruction via antibody-based therapies. (justia.com)

Sialic acids are negatively charged monosaccharides typically found at the termini of cell surface glycans. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor-associated glycans play a significant role in promoting aggressive and metastatic behavior of malignant cells [ 1 - 5 ], participating in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions that promote tumor cell adhesion and migration. (biomedcentral.com)
Among glycans that play a critical role in stromal tumor cell interactions are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) attached to proteoglycans (PGs). (biomedcentral.com)
Type 1 fimbrial adhesin allows the fimbriae of ETEC cells to attach to the mannose glycans expressed on intestinal epithelial cells. (pressbooks.pub)
Only the anti-sLe x mAbs 2H5 and KM93, which also recognize nonfucosylated glycans, bound to WEHI-3 cells. (ashpublications.org)

No. 4,975,278) allows targeted delivery of the drug moiety to tumors, and intracellular accumulation therein, where systemic administration of these unconjugated drug agents may result in unacceptable levels of toxicity to normal cells as well as the tumor cells sought to be eliminated (Baldwin et al (1986) Lancet pp. (justia.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we demonstrated that defective BTLA function can be corrected by restoring intracellular trafficking and by normalizing the lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. (cnrs.fr)

Activity is correlated with cellular proliferation, which suggests Runx2 phosphorylation may also be related to Runx2-mediated cellular proliferation and cell. (musicastorrent.com)
Mediated by the molecular processes of gene regulation and involves the cellular processes of cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentiation. (musicastorrent.com)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (lookformedical.com)
author = {Matthieu Sawaf and Hélène Dumortier and Fanny Monneaux}, doi = {10.1155/2016/5767106}, issn = {2314-7156}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Immunology Research}, volume = {2016}, pages = {5767106}, abstract = {Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which having a deleterious effect. (cnrs.fr)

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. (lookformedical.com)
These plant polysaccharides have essential and unique biological activities, including signal recognition, cell connection, immune system regulation, and blood coagulation. (bioglyco.com)
Therefore, certain measures need to be taken to separate crude polysaccharides and the mixture of different polysaccharides needs to be purified into a single polysaccharide component with the same degree of polymerization and spatial conformation. (bioglyco.com)

In previous studies we found that CS/DS-GAGs are expressed on the cell surface of murine and human breast cancer cell lines with high metastatic capacity and that they play a major role in P-selectin binding and P-selectin-mediated adhesion of cancer cells to platelets and endothelial cells [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The term mononuclear phagocyte system has replaced the former reticuloendothelial system, which also included less active phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
Bayas A, Hummel V, Kallmann BA, Karch C, Toyka KV, Rieckmann P. Human cerebral endothelial cells are a potential source for bioactive BDNF. (2medicalcare.com)
1 , 2 P- and E-selectin, expressed on activated platelets and/or endothelial cells, bind to ligands on leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)
L-selectin, expressed on leukocytes, binds to ligands on some endothelial cells and on other leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)

1.5 million people each year, but controlled use of its cell wall activates macrophages in ways that can be harnessed for therapy. (silverchair.com)
The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. (edu.au)

The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight. (lookformedical.com)
It consists of five major components each with a different fatty acid moiety. (lookformedical.com)

Therefore, a person with A blood type will have the A antigen and H antigen present on the glycolipids of the red blood cell plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
5) Lysosomes can also fuse with the plasma membrane to mediate membrane repair or discharge contents outside the cell, such as cathepsins or immune factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviral particles must bind specifically to their target cells, cross the plasma membrane, reverse-transcribe their RNA genome, while uncoating the cores, find their way to the nuclear membrane and penetrate into the nucleus to finally dock and integrate into the cellular genome. (biomedcentral.com)

They are very abundant on the surface of the cell, and their interactions contribute to the overall stability of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
These interactions can play a role in cellular adhesion and other cellular recognition events. (musicastorrent.com)
Intramolecular carbohydrate-protein interactions. (musicastorrent.com)
Due to their hydrophilicity and biophysical characteristics, they are involved in numerous biological processes, such as modulation of the immune response, recognition of self and non-self antigens, carbohydrate-protein interactions, etc. (bvsalud.org)
Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)

Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. (lookformedical.com)
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system. (biomedcentral.com)
GSLs and cholesterol form a complex (1:3) in which we showed the GSL carbohydrate is reoriented from a membrane perpendicular to parallel format. (biomedgrid.com)
The steroid OH, key for cholesterol binding, is masked by the membrane parallel GSL carbohydrate 'umbrella' [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedgrid.com)
Membrane parallel GSL is far less available for external ligand binding ('trans' recognition)- but may be more prone to lateral ('cis') ligand binding. (biomedgrid.com)

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. (lookformedical.com)
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
In cell derived model membranes, cholesterol/GSL masking is also actin dependent [ 18 ] ,suggesting a cytoskeletal role. (biomedgrid.com)
During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)

The invention also relates to methods of using antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions. (justia.com)

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. (lookformedical.com)

High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. (lookformedical.com)
Once ingested, these bacteria invade intestinal epithelial cells and translocate to the liver, where they grow inside hepatic cells. (pressbooks.pub)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)

In addition to mechanisms of microbe-host interaction, the role of cell stress related to unfolded protein responses (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is characterized in the context of inflammatory and tumorigenic processes using novel tissue-specific mouse models. (intestinal-microbiota.de)
Moreover, the synapse Arc protein, a key to long term memory/synaptic plasticity [ 28 ], is related to the HIV retrovirus GAG capsid protein, and transports nascent RNA in virus-like exosome particles in, and between, neuronal cells [ 29 ]. (biomedgrid.com)
B cell responses to the PNS protein P0 in experimental autoimmune neuritis. (2medicalcare.com)
Recall that fimbriae are hairlike protein bristles on the cell surface. (pressbooks.pub)

Inhibition of experimental autoimmune neuritis by an antibody to the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. (2medicalcare.com)

The identification of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) has greatly advanced our understanding of how adjuvants work beyond the simple concept of extended antigen release and has accelerated the development of novel adjuvants. (mdpi.com)

Oligosaccharides can have many functions including cell recognition and cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
The oligosaccharides found on the A, B, and H antigen occur on the non-reducing ends of the oligosaccharide. (wikipedia.org)

Injection of BCG into the bladder mediates regression of transitional cell carcinomas by stimulating a vigorous local immune response, bathing tumors in cytokines and activated immune cells ( Brandau and Suttmann, 2007 ). (silverchair.com)
From here, the antigen is slowly released and provided to immune cells over an extended period of time. (mdpi.com)

During inflammation, binding of selectins to cell-surface glycoconjugates mediates rolling adhesion of leukocytes on vascular surfaces. (ashpublications.org)

The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), i.e. immunoconjugates, for the local delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, i.e. drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
Furthermore, we found an impaired capacity of BTLA to inhibit T cell activation in SLE due to a poor BTLA recruitment to the immunological synapse following T cell stimulation. (cnrs.fr)

The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. (edu.au)

These early steps consist of a long and perilous journey from the cell surface to the nucleus where the proviral DNA integrates into the host genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)

The various blood types are distinguished by the glycan modification present on the surface of blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
The bound sialic acids are mainly present at the glycan ends of glycoconjugates via α2-3 or α2-6 glycosidic bonds, and alterations in their expression levels and linkage types are associated with the progress of many diseases and tumors. (bvsalud.org)

We have previously demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) on breast cancer cells function as P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with the siRNAs for carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 ( CHST11 ) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ( CSPG4 ) was used to investigate the involvement of these genes in expression of surface P-selectin ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
Shigatoxin increased filipin staining of cholesterol, while cell pre-treatment with filipin increased binding of GSL ligands, e.g. (biomedgrid.com)

6) Lysosomes are the pools of metabolites in cells, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)

During more recent years, his reseach has been conducted in the field of regenerative medicine, focussed on antigen expression and immune recognition of human embryonic stem cells and bioartificial heart valves, the latter tissues being of animal origin. (gu.se)
In addition, CSPG4 and CHST11 were over-expressed in tumor-containing clinical tissue specimens compared with normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
For the analysis of GSLs, they are extracted from tissues and cells using organic solvents. (springer.com)
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). (lookformedical.com)

They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. (lookformedical.com)

A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. (lookformedical.com)
It is the only amino acid-containing glycerophospholipid in animal cells. (gerli.com)

However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)

Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. (easyomics.org)
derived from glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation for carbohydrates and from beta oxidation of fatty acids. (easyomics.org)

Collectively, our results evidence that the BTLA signaling pathway is altered in SLE T cells and highlight the potential of targeting this pathway for the development of new therapeutic strategies in lupus. (cnrs.fr)

CSLEX-1, HECA-452, and other widely used mAbs to sLe x and Le x did not bind to WEHI-3 cells and bound at very low levels to murine neutrophils. (ashpublications.org)

This study provides a unique approach to treat in vitro monocyte-derived DCs with sialidase, aimed at generating DC populations with different cell surface sialic acid phenotypes and tailored maturation and co-stimulatory profiles. (bvsalud.org)
Sialic acid, a monosaccharide containing nine carbon atoms, is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment of WEHI-3 cells with glycosidases or chlorate demonstrated that sialic acid modifications, α1-3-galactosylation, or sulfation did not mask epitopes for mAbs to sLe x or Le x . (ashpublications.org)

There is great diversity in the binding mechanisms of glycolipids, which is what makes them such an important target for pathogens as a site for interaction and entrance. (wikipedia.org)

The role of CS-GAGs in metastasis was tested using the 4T1 murine mammary cell line (10 mice per group). (biomedcentral.com)

The storage of iron or copper can prevent their harmful accumulation in cells. (biomedcentral.com)

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. (edu.au)

Nevertheless, forced fucosylation of intact cells did not significantly augment their ability to bind to fluid-phase P- or E-selectin or to roll on immobilized P- or E-selectin under flow. (ashpublications.org)

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. (edu.au)

This study was performed to identify the carrier proteoglycan (PG) and the sulfotransferase gene involved in synthesis of the surface P-selectin-reactive CS-GAGs in human breast cancer cells with high metastatic capacity, as well as to determine a direct role for CS-GAGs in metastatic spread. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymatic removal of tumor-cell surface CS-GAGs significantly inhibited lung colonization of the 4T1 murine mammary cell line ( P = 0.0002). (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface P-selectin binding depends on CHST11 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (edu.au)
Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. (lookformedical.com)

citation needed] An important example of oligosaccharide cell recognition is the role of glycolipids in determining blood types. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) are envisioned as an important component in immunotherapies, especially in cancer research, due to their unique role as professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and their capacity to trigger adaptive immune responses and generate immunologic memory. (bvsalud.org)

He has published more than 150 scientific articles in the fields of carbohydrate biochemistry, glycobiology, allo- and xeno-transplantation, and regeneratvie medicine. (gu.se)

from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed. (lookformedical.com)
Finally, as proven by many examples in the past, progresses in retrovirology will undoubtedly also provide some priceless insights into cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)

It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear. (lookformedical.com)

The mechanism by which vaccine adjuvants enhance immune responses has historically been considered to be the creation of an antigen depot. (mdpi.com)

Blood group phenotypes relating to expression of ABO antigens in individual kidneys were identified. (gu.se)

Yersinia enterocolitica affect this interrelationship, and whether and how specific components of the microbiota might be used to interfere with Yersinia pathogenicity. (intestinal-microbiota.de)

In a significant study [ 45 ], the levels of cholesterol in red cells from autistic patients were found consistently lower than normal red cells, and conversely, the level of GM1 GSL, detected using CTB binding, was increased. (biomedgrid.com)

The H antigen (which indicates an O blood type) serves as a precursor for the A and B antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Isolation and characterization of an oligodendrocyte precursor-derived B-cell epitope in multiple sclerosis. (2medicalcare.com)

differential targeting of dendritic cell subpopulations in vivo . (intestinal-microbiota.de)

Phosphatidylserine was not shown to be involved in cell signaling through the formation of metabolites (as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol) but is a key component in the activation of various kinases (kinase C, Raf-1 kinase) as well as the blood coagulation process. (gerli.com)

This "depot" was formed by associating the antigen with substances able to persist at the injection site, such as aluminum salts or emulsions. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms10

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Receptors13

Proteins12

Glycoproteins6

Molecules6

Polypeptides2

Glycans5

Intracellular3

Proliferation3

Immunology2

Polysaccharides3

Endothelial cells5

Macrophages2

Moiety2

Plasma membrane3

Interactions6

Membrane5

Membranes4

Antibodies1

Monosaccharides1

EPITHELIAL CELLS3

Nucleotide1

Protein4

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Oligosaccharides2

Immune cells2

Adhesion1

Inhibit2

Humans1

Genome2

Glycan2

Ligands3

Sugars1

Tissues4

Lipid1

Induce1

Amino2

Lectins1

Fatty acids2

Collectively1

Bound1

Sialic acid3

Mechanisms1

Metastasis1

Accumulation1

Mediate1

Bind1

Recognize1

Surface5

Role2

Biochemistry1

Biology2

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