Cervical dystoniaEssential blepharospasmFocal dystoniasIdiopathicSpasmodicContractionsDemographic and clinicalOnsetHemifacial spasmLimbInvoluntaryPrevalenceTremorMovement disorderSymptomsHereditaryBotulinum toxinPrimarySevereSecondaryBlink rateDefectiveDisordersSpasmsDiagnosisNeckPatientsMusclesBrainRiskSpecificCircuitPresentGeneralCasesStudy
Cervical dystonia3
- 2) Methods: Here, we reviewed the current study literature to answer a specific question regarding the efficacy and safety of the use of DBS, particularly for cervical dystonia (CD) and Meige syndrome (MS) in patients with documented treatment failure under BoNT. (bvsalud.org)
- Clinical features, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis of blepharospasm and cranial-cervical dystonia. (medscape.com)
- Hyperfunctional motor disorders are discussed in chapters focused on blepharospasm, facial dystonia, Meige syndrome, oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia), and cervical dystonia. (callisto.ro)
Essential blepharospasm8
- ABSTRACT Purpose: Information is scarce regarding the comprehensive profile of patients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
- Methods: The study included patients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, followed up at the Departments of Ophthalmology at Universidade Federal de São Paulo and Universidade de São Paulo. (bvsalud.org)
- At one end of the clinical spectrum, essential blepharospasm is manifested by simple increased blink rate and intermittent eyelid spasms, while at the other end of the spectrum, blepharospasm is a disabling condition with ocular pain and functional blindness. (medscape.com)
- Botulinum toxin A is a safe, long-term treatment for patients with benign essential blepharospasm, but sustained treatment efficacy may require higher doses in later stages of the disease. (medscape.com)
- A novel mechanism for benign essential blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
- Decreased dopamine D(2) receptor binding in essential blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
- Hall TA, McGwin G, Searcey K. Health-related quality of life and psychosocial characteristics of patients with benign essential blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
- Hall TA, McGwin G, Searcey K. Benign essential blepharospasm: risk factors with reference to hemifacial spasm. (medscape.com)
Focal dystonias1
- These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). (lookformedical.com)
Idiopathic3
- The dystonias can be divided into three groups: idiopathic, genetic, and acquired. (medlink.com)
- Idiopathic dystonia refers to dystonia that does not have a clear cause. (medlink.com)
- Many instances of dystonia are idiopathic. (medlink.com)
Spasmodic1
- spasmodic torticollis)-involuntary contractions of the neck muscles-is the most common dystonia. (msdmanuals.com)
Contractions3
- Dystonias are sustained involuntary muscle contractions of antagonistic muscle groups in the same body part, leading to sustained abnormal posturing or jerky, twisting, intermittent spasms that can resemble tremors, athetosis, or choreoathetosis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Treats excessive, abnormal contractions associated with blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
- Dystonia is a disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause slow repetitive movements or abnormal postures. (medlink.com)
Demographic and clinical2
- Apart from demographic and clinical features, past stressful events related to the first symptoms (triggering event), aggravating factors, sensory tricks, and other ameliorating factors for the eyelid spasms were assessed. (bvsalud.org)
- Jankovic J, Orman J. Blepharospasm: demographic and clinical survey of 250 patients. (medscape.com)
Onset4
- The mean age of onset of blepharospasm is 56 years, and two thirds of patients are age 60 years or older. (medscape.com)
- Dystonia can occur at any age, but is often described as either early, or childhood, onset versus adult onset. (medlink.com)
- Early-onset dystonia often begins with symptoms in the limbs and may progress to involve other regions. (medlink.com)
- Adult-onset dystonia usually is located in one or adjacent parts of the body, most often involving the neck and/or facial muscles. (medlink.com)
Hemifacial spasm1
- Munhoz RP, Teive HA, Della Coletta MV. Frequency of obsessive and compulsive symptoms in patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. (medscape.com)
Limb1
- This circuit forms a blepharospasm vicious cycle, which has a sensory limb, a central control center located in the midbrain, and a motor limb. (medscape.com)
Involuntary1
- Blepharospasm is a focal cranial dystonia characterized by increased blinking and involuntary eyelid closure. (medscape.com)
Prevalence1
- The prevalence of blepharospasm in the general population is approximately 5 in 100,000. (medscape.com)
Tremor1
- The movements may be painful, and some individuals with dystonia may have a tremor or other neurologic features. (medlink.com)
Movement disorder1
- A dystonia is a movement disorder that causes the muscles to contract and spasm involuntarily. (medscape.com)
Symptoms1
- Dystonia can affect many different parts of the body, and the symptoms are different depending upon the form of dystonia. (medlink.com)
Hereditary2
- Alport syndrome Hereditary condition characterized by kidney disease, sensorineural hearing loss, and sometimes eye defects. (wikipedia.org)
- Dystonia can be a symptom of other diseases, some of which may be hereditary. (medlink.com)
Botulinum toxin4
- Botulinum toxin injections are used to treat focal or segmental dystonias. (msdmanuals.com)
- Botulinum toxin and myectomy help to control blepharospasm but may not cure it. (medscape.com)
- What aspects of the clinical application of botulinum toxin in your practice do you most hope will be improved by this conference? (neurotoxins.org)
- Morrison DA, Mellington FB, Hamada S. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: surgical management of the myotonia-induced blepharospasm and acquired ptosis after failure with botulinum toxin A injections. (medscape.com)
Primary4
- Dystonias can be primary or secondary and can be generalized, focal, or segmental. (msdmanuals.com)
- Etgen T, Muhlau M, Gaser C. Bilateral putaminal grey-matter increase in primary blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
- Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (lookformedical.com)
- Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. (lookformedical.com)
Severe2
- Treatment of severe generalized dystonia may require a combination of oral anticholinergic drugs, muscle relaxants, and benzodiazepines. (msdmanuals.com)
- Severe segmental or generalized dystonia that is refractory to treatment may require surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
Secondary2
- Generalized dystonia may be inherited or secondary to another disorder or drug. (msdmanuals.com)
- Acquired dystonia, also called secondary dystonia, results from environmental or other damage to the brain, or from exposure to certain types of medications. (medlink.com)
Blink rate1
- Bentivoglio AR, Daniele A, Albanese A. Analysis of blink rate in patients with blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
Defective2
- If the central control center fails to regulate blinking in blepharospasm, it is believed to be only one component of an overloaded, defective circuit. (medscape.com)
- In some instances, persons who inherit the defective gene may not develop dystonia. (medlink.com)
Disorders2
- or the group of syndromes to which autistic disorder belongs - the autism spectrum disorders. (wikipedia.org)
- The treatment of autonomic nervous system disorders is covered in chapters dedicated to Frey syndrome, facial hyperhydrosis, and sialorrhea. (callisto.ro)
Spasms1
- Little progress was made in the diagnosis or treatment of blepharospasm until the early 20th century, when Henry Meige (pronounced "mehzh"), a French neurologist, described a patient with eyelid and midface spasms, spasm facial median, a disorder now known as Meige syndrome. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis2
- Diagnosis is clinical. (msdmanuals.com)
- Jankovic J. Etiology and differential diagnosis of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. (medscape.com)
Neck1
- Twenty superbly illustrated chapters cover the management of hyperfunctional, pain, and hypersecretory syndromes of the head and neck. (callisto.ro)
Patients5
- [ 32 ] of patients with blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
- The present study aimed to assess the clinical features of patients with these conditions, followed up in two reference centers in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
- Conclusion: Our study provides information regarding the clinical features of patients treated in the two largest ophthalmology reference centers in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
- 1) Background: The first-line treatment for patients with focal or segmental dystonia with a craniocervical distribution is still the intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). (bvsalud.org)
- [ 11 , 12 ] Fayers et al have found a decrease in corneal sensitivity in patients with blepharospasm, implying an impairment in cortical processing of sensory input, with a resultant loss of blink reflex inhibition. (medscape.com)
Muscles1
- There are several different forms of dystonia that may affect only one muscle, groups of muscles, or muscles throughout the body. (medlink.com)
Brain2
- Houser M, Waltz T. Meige syndrome and pallidal deep brain stimulation. (medscape.com)
- Researchers believe that dystonia results from an abnormality in or damage to the basal ganglia or other brain regions that control movement. (medlink.com)
Risk1
- Knowing the pattern of inheritance can help families understand the risk of passing dystonia along to future generations. (medlink.com)
Specific3
- Blepharospasm is a network defect in dynamic circuit activity, rather than a defect at a specific locus. (medscape.com)
- Today, most view blepharospasm as a defect in circuit activity, rather than a defect at a specific locus. (medscape.com)
- In some cases, dystonia can affect only one specific action, while allowing others to occur unimpeded. (medlink.com)
Circuit1
- Quartarone A, Sant'Angelo A, Battaglia F. Enhanced long-term potentiation-like plasticity of the trigeminal blink reflex circuit in blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
Present1
- Dystonia typically is not associated with problems thinking or understanding, but depression and anxiety may be present. (medlink.com)
General1
- DMRF Canada provides general information related to dystonia. (dystoniacanada.org)
Cases1
- It is estimated that there are at least 50,000 cases of blepharospasm in the United States, with up to 2000 new cases diagnosed annually. (medscape.com)
Study1
- [ 35 ] and 36 per million in the Epidemiologic Study of Dystonia in Europe. (medscape.com)