Chromosomes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

We constructed the first bacterial artificial chromosome library for Gossypium tomentosum . (geneticsmr.com)

BACs can also be utilized to detect genes or large sequences of interest and then used to map them onto the human chromosome using BAC arrays. (wikipedia.org)
A high-quality reference sequence for the Brassica napus genome is not yet available, thus studies of specific regions of the Brassica napus genome at sequence level have relied on the analysis of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) or BAC contigs. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of the human genome-wide bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries that were used as templates for the human genome project made it possible to design microarrays containing these BACs that can theoretically span the genome uninterrupted. (elsevierpure.com)
This involved multiplexing pools of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) that had been manually prepared. (genomeweb.com)
After the sequencing was done, the researchers used the Velvet assembler to reassemble the BACs and then used CLARK , a supervised classification method, to assign the reassembled BACs to chromosome arms. (genomeweb.com)

This latter model further establishes the occurrence of longitudinal and transverse spatial segregation transitions between the chromosome and crowders upon increasing crowder size. (arxiv.org)
[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
The ParB protein forms DNA bridging interactions around parS to condense DNA and earmark the bacterial chromosome for segregation. (elifesciences.org)

Whole genome sequence analyses of NSCV1 and NSCV2, revealed that the origins of replication of Chr 1 and Chr 2 and associated genes are intact in the fused chromosome raising the question on how the two origins function without impeding each other's replication fork. (exordo.com)
The implications of our findings with respect to mechanistic aspects of chromosome replication, partitioning and maintenance of single chromosome with multiple origins and the biological, functional and evolutionary significance of multipartite genome architecture in general will be discussed. (exordo.com)
Whole-genome and site-specific fluorescent DNA labeling in tethered cells indicates that global nucleoid structure and chromosome organization are disrupted. (nih.gov)
Analysis of the morphometric features of B. pinnatum chromosomes was performed to establish their total length, the position of centromeres, and the position of BAC-based landmarks in relation to the centromere, thereby enabling their effective karyotyping, which is a prerequisite for more complex study of the grass genome structure and evolution at the cytomolecular level. (nih.gov)
The production, manipulation and rescue of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of Vaccinia virus (VAC-BAC) in order to expedite construction of expression vectors and mutagenesis of the genome has been described (Domi & Moss, 2002, PNAS99 12415-20). (ox.ac.uk)
Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. (nature.com)
In this study, these difficulties were overcome by cloning the entire AlHV-1 genome as a stable, infectious and pathogenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cloning and mutagenesis of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
This approach will allow comparison of nucleoid proteins, and any modifications thereof, associated with transcriptionally active and inactive regions of the bacterial genome. (uea.ac.uk)
Cowell, JK & Nowak, NJ 2003, ' High-Resolution Analysis of Genetic Events in Cancer Cells Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Arrays and Comparative Genome Hybridization ', Advances in Cancer Research , vol. 90, pp. 91-125. (elsevierpure.com)
To facilitate M. grisea genome analysis, physical mapping, and positional cloning, we have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from the rice infecting strain 70-15. (johnshopkins.edu)
First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)

The genetic endowment of most bacteria is encoded in a single chromosome and is inherited by the daughter cells through bi directional replication of the parental DNA from a single origin of replication. (exordo.com)
However, some bacteria have more than one chromosome with independent origins of replication in each chromosome. (exordo.com)
Among these, Vibrio cholerae , with two chromosomes has served as a model system to study various aspects of chromosome replication, maintenance and faithful partitioning of multipartite genomes. (exordo.com)
Although it has been recognized for several decades that chromosome structure regulates the capacity of replication origins to initiate, very little is known about how or if cells actively regulate structure to direct initiation. (nih.gov)
We report that a localized inducible protein tether between the chromosome and cell membrane in E. coli cells imparts a rapid and complete block to replication initiation. (nih.gov)
Parallels between tether-induced initiation blocking and rifampicin treatment and the role of programmed changes in chromosome structure in replication control are discussed. (nih.gov)
Bacterial origins regulate orisome assembly, a nuclei-protein complex assembled on the origin responsible for unwinding the origin and loading all the replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
In E. coli, the direction for orisome assembly are built into a short stretch of nucleotide sequence called as origin of replication (oriC) which contains multiple binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (a highly homologous protein amongst bacterial kingdom). (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome replication in bacteria is regulated at the initiation stage. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. (mdpi.com)
Obviously, the initiation of chromosome replication is essential to bacterial reproduction, but this process is not inhibited by any of the currently-used antimicrobial agents. (mdpi.com)

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli. (wikipedia.org)
Given the urgent need for new antibiotics to combat drug-resistant bacteria, it is logical to evaluate whether or not unexploited bacterial processes, such as orisome assembly, should be more closely examined for sources of novel drug targets. (mdpi.com)
This enhanced conjugation was further replicated with a different bacterial species- Sinorhizobium meliloti, as the pSC5-carrying donor, suggesting that this mechanism can be used with different bacteria. (eurekalert.org)
Bacteria can acquire resistance through several mechanisms, such as mutations of their chromosome and by acquiring the genetic code to destroy certain antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
By cross-linking bacterial surface proteins to fibrinogen, factor XIIIa causes bacteria to be immobilized and killed. (medscape.com)

F-plasmids play a crucial role because they contain partition genes that promote the even distribution of plasmids after bacterial cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Plasmid delivery through conjugation between bacterial species has proven effective in creating novel antimicrobial agents, targeting specific genes to eliminate or suppress pathogens. (eurekalert.org)
Chromosomes are strings of genes that contain the instructions for all the functions within a cell. (nbcnews.com)
They also inserted strings of DNA to serve as identifying markers, as well as codes for shuffling the genes in the chromosome like sections in a loose-leaf binder. (nbcnews.com)
Then the researchers used a technology called SCRaMbLE (Synthetic Chromosome Recombination and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution) to shuffle the genes in the synthetic chromosome. (nbcnews.com)

All bacterial cells must duplicate their genomes prior to dividing into two identical daughter cells. (mdpi.com)
Bacterial genomes generally contain a single chromosome and one or more extrachromosal elements such as plasmids. (pasteur.fr)
This is significant as an example of synthetic genomes aimed well beyond making mere copies of chromosomes," Harvard geneticist George Church, who was not involved in the project, told NBC News. (nbcnews.com)

Recombination-mediated genetic engineering of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). (ox.ac.uk)
From Texas A&M University, Blanca Lupiani reported that she and her colleagues recently showed that insertion of LTR (long term repeat) sequences into the CVI988 resulted in the generation of CVRM, a virus with similar protective efficacy.The CVRM virus was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome, by insertion of mini-F sequences into the US2 gene by homologous recombination. (thepoultrysite.com)

[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)

Plasmids are small genetic structures that are independent from the chromosomes and can replicate on their own. (eurekalert.org)
To create our novel plasmids, we built derivatives of the conjugative plasmid, pTA-Mob 2.0, using designed gene deletions and cluster mutations to improve bacterial conjugation with yeasts ," explained Dr. Bogumil J. Karas, Assistant Professor at University of Western Ontario and corresponding author of the study that was published in Volume 2022 of BioDesign Research on 1 September 2022 . (eurekalert.org)

Die Analyse großer Cosmid- und BAC- (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) Contigs, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstellt wurden und die mehr als 1 Mb sowohl des X- als auch des Y-Chromosoms des Platys X. maculatus abdecken, zeigte eine hohe Dichte von Retroelementen und anderen repetitiven Sequenzen, besonders im Bereich des dominanten Onkogens Xmrk und in einer durch das duplizierte Gen ps-criptY gekennzeichneten, Y-spezifischen Region. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
The relatively low resolution of metaphase chromosomes, however, only allows characterization of major genetic events that are defined at the megabase level. (elsevierpure.com)

The initiation of bacterial chromosome. (pasteur.fr)

In this paper, we demonstrate that the landmarks produced by cross-species fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) of Brachypodium distachyon derived bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones can be used for discrimination of Brachypodium pinnatum (2n = 18) chromosomes. (nih.gov)
Selected sets of clones were hybridised in several sequential experiments performed on exactly the same chromosome spreads, using reprobing of cytological preparations. (nih.gov)
In addition, a 550-kbp contig composed of 6 BAC clones was constructed that encompassed two adjacent RFLP markers on chromosome 2. (johnshopkins.edu)

In Vibrio cholerae , infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. (nature.com)

Cosmid End-sequence profiling Fosmid Human artificial chromosome Secondary chromosome Yeast artificial chromosome O'Connor M, Peifer M, Bender W (June 1989). (wikipedia.org)
Scientists say they've built a yeast chromosome from the bottom up for the first time - a feat that could open the way for custom-made biofactories. (nbcnews.com)
He's even looking into creating entirely new yeast chromosomes that incorporate human genetic code for medical screening purposes. (nbcnews.com)
The Science paper describes the reconstruction of yeast chromosome III, which regulates mating behavior and other functions. (nbcnews.com)
The pins and white diamonds on this illustration show where changes were made in the native sequence of yeast chromosome III to produce a custom-designed synthetic chromosome. (nbcnews.com)
They were relieved to find that the yeast cells with the synthetic chromosome, called SynIII, generally functioned as well as cells with the natural chromosome. (nbcnews.com)

Here, we describe the genomic characterization of V. cholerae strains that are exception to the two-chromosome rule: Naturally occurring Single Chromosome V. cholerae (NSCV) in which the two chromosomes are fused. (exordo.com)
Experimentally, we demonstrate the transfer of two LS chromosomes between strains of F. oxysporum , converting a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogen. (nature.com)
Transfer of LS chromosomes between otherwise genetically isolated strains explains the polyphyletic origin of host specificity and the emergence of new pathogenic lineages in F. oxysporum . (nature.com)
The explosion of multidrug and pandrug resistant strains of a diversity of important bacterial pathogens, including ESBL (extended spectrum beta-lactamase), methicillin/vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/VRSA), and pandrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( Fair and Tor, 2014 ), seen over the last decade is a further indication that our current attempts to dampen the spread of resistance is not as efficient as needed. (frontiersin.org)
CEFTIN tablets are indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients (who can swallow tablets whole) with acute bacterial otitis media caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains), or Streptococcus pyogenes . (rxlist.com)
CEFTIN for oral suspension is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 3 months to 12 years with acute bacterial otitis media caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including β-lactamase-producing strains), or Streptococcus pyogenes . (rxlist.com)

Competitive hybridization to these arrays using tumor and normal DNA samples reveals numerical chromosome abnormalities (deletions and amplifications) that can be accurately defined depending on the density of the arrays. (elsevierpure.com)
Analysis of tumor DNA samples using these arrays reveals small deletions and amplifications that were not detectable by chromosome analysis and provides a global view of these genetic changes in a single hybridization experiment in 24 hours. (elsevierpure.com)

Development of two bacterial artificial chromosome shuttle vectors for" by Young Kwon Hong, Duk Hwan Kim et al. (pvamu.edu)

These changes have been studied and characterized through the use of many tools and experimental approaches but perhaps most effectively through applications for bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. (harvard.edu)
Here, we review studies of sex chromosome evolution in amniotes and the ways in which the field of research has been affected by the advent of BAC libraries. (harvard.edu)
Efficient screening of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers is feasible provided that a multidimensional pooling strategy is implemented. (biomedcentral.com)

With these techniques, researchers have identified differences and similarities in sex chromosome content and organization across amniotes and have addressed hypotheses regarding the frequency and direction of past changes. (harvard.edu)
Inspired by recent experiments on the effects of cytosolic crowders on the organization of bacterial chromosomes, we consider a "feather-boa" type model chromosome in the presence of non-additive crowders, encapsulated within a cylindrical cell. (arxiv.org)

Bacterial mutagenicity and mammalian cell chromosomal and DNA damage in vitro assays were performed on a diesel exhaust particulate material (DPM) standard in two preparations: as an organic solvent extract, and as an aqueous dispersion in a simulated pulmonary surfactant. (cdc.gov)

In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)

Seven of eight simple sequence repeats markers that are located on five different chromosomes and linked with resistance to Verticillium wilt could amplify the 50 superpools and obtained one to five hits. (geneticsmr.com)

Identification of individual chromosomes in a complement is usually a difficult task in the case of most plant species, especially for those with small, numerous, and morphologically uniform chromosomes. (nih.gov)

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne bacterial infections that cause fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, a general feeling of illness (malaise), and sometimes a rash. (msdmanuals.com)

Variability among sex chromosome pairs in amniotes denotes a dynamic history. (harvard.edu)
Since amniotes diverged from a common ancestor, their sex chromosome pairs and, more broadly, sex-determining mechanisms have changed reversibly and frequently. (harvard.edu)
Human cells typically contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. (nbcnews.com)
The researchers started out with 316,617 base pairs in the natural chromosome, and slimmed the code down to 272,871 base pairs. (nbcnews.com)

Chromosome analysis of cancer cells has been one of the primary means of identifying key genetic events in the development of cancer. (elsevierpure.com)

Resistance refers to bacterial defense mechanisms used to evade the effects of an antibiotic. (cdc.gov)

Crystal structure of the bacterial cell division regulator MinD. (degruyter.com)

Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
Do bacterial cells have membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes? (answerbag.com)
The work follows up on past achievements in synthetic biology, including the creation of the first synthetic bacterial cells in 2010. (nbcnews.com)

Chromosome level ordering of the scaffolds was achieved by anchoring the assemblies either to a genetic map for Fv (ref. 7 ), or an optical map for Fol ( Supplementary Information A and Supplementary Table 2 ). (nature.com)

[1] [2] These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy66

Organisms12

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes170

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Artificial chromosome library1

BACs5

Segregation3

Genome13

Replication11

Bacteria5

Genes5

Genomes3

Recombination2

Centromere1

Plasmids2

Contigs1

Structures1

Metaphase3

Initiation1

Clones3

Vibrio1

Yeast6

Strains6

Hybridization2

Vectors1

Libraries3

Organization2

Chromosomal1

Heredity1

Sequence1

Plant1

Infections1

Pairs4

Cancer1

Mechanisms1

Cell division1

Cells3

Level1

Structure1