Cholinergic fibers. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition to basal forebrain neurons that give rise to the principal cholinergic input into the cortex, a second source constituted by intrinsic cholinergic interneurons has been identified. (nih.gov)
Interestingly, prolonged activation of EGFP-labeled cholinergic neurons induces an increase in spontaneous EPSCs in adjacent pyramidal neurons. (nih.gov)
Thus, intrinsic bipolar cholinergic neurons can modulate cortical function locally. (nih.gov)
Cholinergic motor neurons supply both types of muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
ChAT is found in high concentration in cholinergic neurons, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). (wikipedia.org)
The pChAT isoform was discovered in 2000 based on observations that brain-derived ChAT antibodies failed to stain peripheral cholinergic neurons as they do for those found in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Alteration in some cholinergic neurons may account for the disturbances of Alzheimer disease. (wikipedia.org)
An increasing number of studies indicate that cholinergic control of these functions is highly deterministic, mediated by synaptic afferents that generate reliable and precise responses in postsynaptic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Here we identify mGluR1 and mGluR5 as key elements in the dynamic regulation of cholinergic synaptic inputs onto neurons of the TRN. (jneurosci.org)
Immunohistochemistry was done to detect the toxin dependent loss of cholinergic neurons. (atsbio.com)
Cholinergic neurons of the medial septum were selectively labeled with the functional calcium indicator GCaMP6f via viral gene transfer and using transgenic ChAT-Cre mice. (mitt.hu)
The location of subputaminal cholinergic neurons within the frontal lobe, the ascension of their fibers through the external capsule towards the inferior frontal gyrus, the larger size of the subputaminal nucleus on the left side at the most rostral and anterointermediate levels and the most protracted development among all magnocellular aggregations within the basal forebrain strongly suggest that they may be connected with the cortical speech area. (anthropogeny.org)
Cholinergic neurons synthesize and release ACh and this endogenous neurotransmitter binds to and activates nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. (veteriankey.com)
and excitation of postganglionic ANS neurons, adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, or skeletal muscle fibers (Stokes et al. (veteriankey.com)

The innervation to fibrillenstruktur fibrils is thick and heavily myelinated, with a single (en plaque) neuromuscular junction, whereas the innervation to felderstruktur fibrils is thin, with multiple grapelike clusters of neuromuscular junctions. (medscape.com)
If the MET current is abolished in adult IHCs, they revert into cells showing electrical and morphological features characteristic of pre-hearing IHCs, including the re-establishment of cholinergic efferent innervation. (nature.com)
We discuss the possible reasons for the lesion-induced enhancement of axonal ingrowth, including the possibility that the enhanced ingrowth of thalamic fiber systems may be related to the loss of cortical innervation by extrathalamic brainstem inputs, especially cholinergic afferent fibers. (johnshopkins.edu)
Sweat gland innervation is principally composed of postganglionic sympathetic cholinergic non-myelinated C fibers. (juniperpublishers.com)
The effects of uni- or bilateral surgical ablation of the SPG, a putative origin of the cholinergic cerebrovascular innervation, were investigated on these two specific cholinergic markers at various postoperative times. (hal.science)
High conductances correlate with normal sweat function and healthy nerve innervation (small C-fibers). (sudoscan.com)

Transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) controls dopamine release through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic axons. (nih.gov)
Aided by the transgene expression, the characterization of distinct cholinergic interneurons was possible. (nih.gov)
Cholinergic interneurons are "gatekeepers" for striatal circuitry and play pivotal roles in attention, goal-directed actions, habit formation, and behavioral flexibility. (mdpi.com)

Nerve fibers liberating acetylcholine at the synapse after an impulse. (bvsalud.org)
The preganglionic fibers of both ANS divisions and the postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are cholinergic fibers (release acetylcholine ) that act on cholinergic receptors (nicotinic or muscarinic). (amboss.com)
The sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla directly via acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors , which results in the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine mediating the fight or flight response. (amboss.com)
The proportion or number of nerve fibers that utilize acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and transmit impulses to the gland that secretes tears. (ontobee.org)
Acetylcholine is the principal endogenous agonist at two primary types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. (veteriankey.com)

Presence of ChAT in a nerve cell classifies this cell as a "cholinergic" neuron. (wikipedia.org)
It is connected by nerve fibers to the other cell, which is located in a cluster of nerve cells (called an autonomic ganglion). (msdmanuals.com)
Nerve fibers from these ganglia connect with internal organs. (msdmanuals.com)
A number of clinical studies have been published establishing ESC correlations with other measures of small fiber and autonomic nerve function, as well as normative values [7], accuracy and reproducibility [8]. (juniperpublishers.com)
The sensitivity and specificity of Sudoscan for the diagnosis of DSP has been shown to be in line with those of Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density (IENFD), and ESC are correlated (albeit modestly) with IENFD [9,11]. (juniperpublishers.com)
Eccrine glands that are responsible for sweat response receive a rich supply of small blood vessels and are innervated by sympathetic C nerve fibers (autonomic nervous system). (sudoscan.com)
Cholinergic is used to describe nerve fibers that synthesize and release ACh without distinction as to anatomic site of action ( Figure 8.2 ). (veteriankey.com)
Figure 8.2 Schematic diagram depicting physiological processes at the site of a cholinergic nerve terminal innervating a target tissue. (veteriankey.com)

Here, we report that septal cholinergic input, activated either by electrical stimulation or via an optogenetic approach, induced different types of hippocampal Schaffer collateral (SC) to CA1 synaptic plasticity, depending on the timing of cholinergic input relative to the SC input. (nih.gov)
When the cholinergic input was activated 100 or 10 ms prior to SC stimulation, it resulted in α7 nAChR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) or short-term depression, respectively. (nih.gov)
When the cholinergic stimulation was delayed until 10 ms after the SC stimulation, a muscarinic AChR-dependent LTP was induced. (nih.gov)
Botulinum neurotoxins induce blockage of voluntary motor and autonomic cholinergic neuromuscular junctions, which prevents motor fiber stimulation. (cdc.gov)
Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. (elifesciences.org)

9. Selective loss of cholinergic sudomotor fibers causes anhidrosis in Ross syndrome. (nih.gov)
Summary: Previous studies have demonstrated that loss of cholinergic input to hippocampus contributes dysfunction of HPA axis and alters GR-PKA-NF-κB signaling in hippocampus. (atsbio.com)

However, the dynamics of hippocampal cholinergic input from the medial septum, the main source of ACh in the HC, during different behaviors are still unclear. (mitt.hu)
Calcium dynamics of septo-hippocampal cholinergic fibers were recorded during exploration of different multisensory contexts and in a goal-oriented spatial learning paradigm (Danielson et al, 2016). (mitt.hu)
We found that septo-hippocampal cholinergic fibers were activated by locomotion and upon exposure to novel multimodal contexts. (mitt.hu)
The presented studies examine the age-dependent impact of the p75 neurotrophin receptor knock-out on the density of the hippocampal cholinergic fibers and the morphology of the dendritic spines in the hippocampus. (uni-greifswald.de)

Sympathetic skin response was absent and skin biopsy revealed a non-length-dependent small-fiber neuropathy with sympathetic cholinergic and adrenergic post-ganglionic damage in both patients. (unibo.it)

Höhmann, CF & Ebner, FF 1988, ' Basal forebrain lesions facilitate adult host fiber ingrowth into neocortical transplants ', Brain research , vol. 448, no. 1, pp. 53-66. (johnshopkins.edu)

All postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division are adrenergic fibers (release norepinephrine ) that act on adrenergic alpha or beta receptors for neurotransmission, with the exception of the fibers innervating the sweat glands , which are cholinergic. (amboss.com)
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that causes destruction of nicotinic cholinergic receptors on muscle fibers. (justaaa.com)
Figure 8.3 Schematic summarizing primary cholinergic receptor stimulants, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and target tissues. (veteriankey.com)

The adrenal medulla, a modified sympathetic ganglion, is innervated by sympathetic preganglionic fibers and releases epinephrine and NE into the blood. (veteriankey.com)

Note that some sympathetic postganglionic fibers release ACh. (veteriankey.com)

Muscarinic brain networks modulate the activity of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. (nih.gov)
These studies suggest that NEB cells in neonatal hamster lung express functional heteromeric α 3 β 2 , α 4 β 2 , and α 7 nAChR and that cholinergic mechanisms could modulate NEB chemoreceptor function under normal and pathological conditions. (mcmaster.ca)

At that point, we challenged them with the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, to determine the dependence of behavioral performance on cholinergic function. (nih.gov)

We investigated the cross-species validity of cholinergic axo-axonal transmission by recording dopaminergic axons in macaque putamen and found similar axEPSPs. (nih.gov)
Thus, we reveal that synaptic-like neurotransmission underlies cholinergic signaling onto dopaminergic axons, supporting the idea that striatal dopamine release can occur independently of somatic firing to provide distinct signaling. (nih.gov)

It presents a superficial papillary layer of loose collagenous and elastic fibers, together with fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages. (dartmouth.edu)
To better define the effects of VAD on the mechanical properties of the pulmonary parenchyma, we have studied the elastic modulus, elastic fibers and elastin gene-expression in rats with VAD, which were supplemented with retinoic acid (RA) or remained unsupplemented. (biomedcentral.com)
Elastin mRNA and insoluble elastin were quantified and elastic fibers were enumerated using morphometric methods. (biomedcentral.com)
VAD was also associated with a decrease in the concentration of parenchymal elastic fibers, which was restored and was accompanied by an increase in tropoelastin mRNA after 12 days of RA-treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
The elastic fibers in the walls of alveoli and alveolar ducts, which form a continuous network with elastic fibers in the small and larger airways, are an important structural determinant of these interactions [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The elastic fibers within the airway connect the epithelial basement membrane to the smooth muscle layer [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fibers in the adventitia that surrounds the airway smooth muscle are connected to parenchymal elastic fibers located in the surrounding alveoli and alveolar ducts. (biomedcentral.com)

Together, our results show that postsynaptic Group I mGluRs are critically involved in the regulation of cholinergic synaptic strength on different time scales, suggesting that cholinergic control of local thalamic circuits is highly context-dependent and regulated by the overall levels of glutamatergic afferent activity. (jneurosci.org)

One of the main targets of cholinergic modulation is the hippocampus (HC), a cortical region critical for spatial and episodic memory formation in the mammalian brain. (mitt.hu)

Electrochemical Skin Conductance (ESC), the measure produced by the Sudoscan device, is described as an electrophysiological method forthe functional evaluation of sweat glands and related sudomotor/small fiber dysfunction [5,6]. (juniperpublishers.com)

Extrinsic neural afferents to the ENS contain cholinergic and adrenergic fibers. (medscape.com)
The cholinergic fibers generally cause contraction, whereas the adrenergic fibers mainly cause inhibition. (medscape.com)
The activity of both the cholinergic system and the adrenergic system is 2-3 times that of normal intestine. (medscape.com)
The cholinergic (excitatory) system is thought to predominate over the adrenergic (inhibitory) system, leading to an increase in smooth muscle tone. (medscape.com)

This efferent neural pathway is termed the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. (nih.gov)

Elevated cholinergic tone has been associated with cortical activation during arousal, attention, and learning. (mitt.hu)

however, the effect of rapid physiological cholinergic stimuli on plasticity is largely unknown. (nih.gov)

The contractile cells in the alveolar ducts may also influence airway smooth muscle contraction because contractile cells in the two locations are connected through the intervening elastic fiber network [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

What are the 2 types of Cholinergic antagonists? (brainscape.com)

In addition, COVID-19 patients are increasingly reporting a wide range of debilitating conditions long after they have tested negative for the presence of the virus, giving rise to the term "Long COVID" which has been attributed to autonomic nervous system dysfunction and small fiber neuropathy. (scirp.org)
The TM Flow system is also capable of diagnosing "Long COVID" symptoms related to the autonomic nervous system and small fiber neuropathy. (scirp.org)
Small fiber neuropathy is on the increase and causes significant morbidity and mortality [1]. (juniperpublishers.com)
While the Sudoscan test would be easy to implement categorically to screen the growing diabetes and prediabetes populations and other at risk patients, there remain questions regarding its exact mechanism and therefore skepticism in its applicability to detecting dysautonomia and small fiber dysfunction. (juniperpublishers.com)
Small fiber neuropathies have been assessed using SUDOSCAN in different diseases and therapeutic areas. (sudoscan.com)
Sweat response may be the most sensitive test in detecting distal small fiber neuropathy" (Pr Low and Pr Gibbons publications). (sudoscan.com)

Anatomical studies suggest that cholinergic terminals signal predominantly through non-synaptic volume transmission. (nih.gov)
However, mechanisms that govern plastic changes of cholinergic synaptic strength are poorly understood, even though they are likely critical in shaping the impact of cholinergic inputs on neuronal networks. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cholinergic signaling controls information processing and plasticity in neuronal circuits, but the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cholinergic synaptic strength on different time scales are unknown. (jneurosci.org)

For the immunotoxin model, 6-8 week old C57BL/6 male mice (n = 12) were treated with bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of saline (control) or mu-p75-saporin toxin (0.4µg/µl/mouse) to cause cholinergic neuronal lesions. (atsbio.com)

However, the influence of cholinergic transmission on electrical signaling in axons remains unclear. (nih.gov)
Moreover, in spatial learning, calcium activity of cholinergic axons was elevated in the initial learning phase of the task but decreased as the reward location was learnt. (mitt.hu)

Perturbations of cholinergic modulation to the HC cause severe deficits in spatial navigation and hippocampal learning. (mitt.hu)

In some areas, muscle fibers of skeletal type (e.g., platysma) may be inserted into the skin. (dartmouth.edu)

Field potential oscillations were induced by the cholinergic agonist carbachol under an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor blockade and were recorded in the dendritic layer of the CA3 region with parallel measurements of changes in interstitial and intraneuronal pH (pH(o) and pH(i), respectively). (mdc-berlin.de)

This mechanism is true in the stomach and small intestine, but due to the lack of gap junctions between muscle fibers in the colon, such intrinsic electrical signals usually fail to generate a synchronized contraction. (medicalbrandnames.com)

These results clearly show that the SPG does not or only partly contributes to the cholinergic fibers that supply the cerebrovascular bed. (hal.science)

These results have revealed the remarkable temporal precision of cholinergic functions, providing a novel mechanism for information processing in cholinergic-dependent higher cognitive functions. (nih.gov)

Autonomic symptoms and C fiber dysfunction appear too late in the development of neuropathy to be clinically relevant, and simple noninvasive early diagnostic testing is needed. (juniperpublishers.com)

Peripheral C fiber dysfunction is a major cause of pain and sensory loss with loss of protective sensation and may be cryptogenic or part of the metabolic syndrome [2]. (juniperpublishers.com)

The results support the interpretation that extrathalamic inputs to cortex play a modulatory role in regulating the growth and connections of specific sensory fiber systems during brain responses to injury. (johnshopkins.edu)

In order to better identify the mechanisms that are responsible for airway hyperreactivity in VAD rats, with respect to morphological and biochemical characteristics of the pulmonary elastic fiber network, we evaluated the mechanical properties of the lung parenchyma that are most involved in regulating small airway diameter. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. (elifesciences.org)
Using in vivo 2-photon imaging in dorsal HC CA1 of head-restrained awake mice, we recorded calcium activity of cholinergic axonal projections with single-fiber resolution. (mitt.hu)

With detailed analysis, we aimed to decipher the fine-grained pattern of cholinergic activity in correlation with the various stages of hippocampal information processing and behavior. (mitt.hu)

Anatomy7

Chemicals and Drugs4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Neurons14

Innervation6

Interneurons3

Acetylcholine5

Nerve8

Stimulation5

Loss of cholinergic2

Hippocampal cholinergic4

Sympathetic cholinergic1

Basal forebrain1

Receptors3

Preganglionic fibers1

Postganglionic fibers1

Modulate2

Muscarinic1

Dopaminergic2

Elastic fibers7

Afferent1

Hippocampus1

Sudomotor1

Adrenergic4

Neural1

Cortical1

Physiological1

Cells1

Antagonists1

Small fiber6

Synaptic3

Neuronal1

Axons2

Modulation1

Skeletal1

Receptor1

Intrinsic1

Contributes1

Temporal1

Neuropathy1

Peripheral1

Inputs1

Characteristics1

Mice2

Activity1