ReceptorsReceptorSDF1StromalCCL2ChemotacticCytokines and chemokinesMotifTumorInflammatorySuperfamilyInflammationInhibitMigrationProgressionCellsBreast cancerEndogenousMoleculeHomologyMetastasisCXCR2PrognosticFibrosisMRNAAxisCysteine residuesPathologicalImmuneExpressionTherapeuticLymphocytesProteinsFibrocytesRolesResearchersHumanLymphomaRolePatients
Receptors21
- In addition to this increased or differential transcription of CXCL12, also upregulation of its receptors CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) contributes to the onset or progression of diseases. (nih.gov)
- They are guided into the tumor through interactions between chemokines and their receptors. (frontiersin.org)
- A variety of chemokine receptors are expressed on the surface of both tumor and immune cells rendering them sensitive to multiple stimuli that can subsequently influence their migration and function. (frontiersin.org)
- Indeed, particular chemokine receptors expressed on tumor and immune cells are strongly associated with patient prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
- Thus, potential targeting of chemokine receptors is highly attractive as a means to quench or eliminate unconstrained tumor cell growth. (frontiersin.org)
- Beyond this, atypical chemokine receptors also exist and most act as decoy receptors that compete for ligand binding but are unable to deliver normal chemokine receptor signals. (frontiersin.org)
- On the other hand, overexpression of chemokine receptors on cancer cells facilitates tumor dissemination. (frontiersin.org)
- Chemokine receptors and their corresponding ligands. (frontiersin.org)
- Chemokine receptors (red) influence melanoma tumor cell migration/invasion or immune cell trafficking to the tumor lesions. (frontiersin.org)
- All chemokines signal through seven transmembrane domain G-protein coupled receptors. (rndsystems.com)
- There are at least seventeen known chemokine receptors, and many of these receptors exhibit promiscuous binding properties whereby several different chemokines can signal through the same receptor. (rndsystems.com)
- CXCR4 is one of several chemokine co-receptors that HIV can use to infect CD4+ T cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Until recently, SDF-1 and CXCR4 were believed to be a relatively monogamous ligand-receptor pair (other chemokines are promiscuous, tending to use several different chemokine receptors). (wikipedia.org)
- 27. A prognostic model comprising pT stage, N status, and the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 powerfully predicts outcome in neoadjuvant resistant rectal cancer patients. (nih.gov)
- Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 have been shown to be linked to the metastatic spread of breast cancer, however, their precise function and underlying molecular pathways leading to the acquisition of the pro-metastatic properties remain poorly understood. (mdpi.com)
- Migration of Th2 cells to the lung is key to their inflammatory function and is regulated in large part by chemokine receptors, members of the seven-membrane-spanning receptor family. (jci.org)
- Chemokines are a superfamily of 8- to 10-kDa soluble chemotactic cytokines that bind to their connate G protein-coupled receptors to cause a cellular response, such as migration, adhesion, or chemotaxis. (molvis.org)
- In this review, we focus on expression of chemokine receptors and chemokine ligands by MSCs isolated from different tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the present pre-clinical study we have genetically engineered T cells aiming at increasing the homing of T cells by matching expression of chemokine receptors on T cells to chemokines secreted by the tumor, thus improving anti-tumor efficacy of ACT. (bmj.com)
- Taking advantage of mRNA electroporation we successfully transfected T cells with mRNA encoding the chemokine receptors CXCR2 and chimeric receptor CXCR4-R2 on the cell surface, the latter expressing the intracellular region of CXCR2 allowing expression in T cells. (bmj.com)
- CXCR receptors with specificity for CXCL12 CHEMOKINE . (nih.gov)
Receptor23
- The chemokine receptor associated color code is conserved between Figures 1 , 2 . (frontiersin.org)
- Was found that hNGFp acts on glial cells, modulating inflammatory proteins such as the soluble TNFa receptor II and the chemokine CXCL12. (nih.gov)
- We further established that the rescuing effect by hNGFp is mediated by CXCL12, as pharmacological inhibition of CXCL12 receptor CXCR4 occludes most of hNGFp effects. (nih.gov)
- C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCR4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein is a CXC chemokine receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- CXCR-4 is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called CXCL12), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
- Expression of this receptor in cancer cells has been linked to metastasis to tissues containing a high concentration of CXCL12, such as lungs, liver and bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
- CXCL12 (over-)expressing cancers might not sense the CXCL12 gradient released from the metastasis target tissues since the receptor, CXCR4, is saturated with the ligand produced in an autocrine manner. (wikipedia.org)
- Whereas all hPGCLCs strongly expressed the CXCR4 chemotaxis receptor, its ligand CXCL12/SDF1 was not significantly expressed in the whole EBs. (nih.gov)
- 25. The importance of the CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine ligand-receptor interaction in prostate cancer metastasis. (nih.gov)
- The 2B11/CXCR4 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to mouse CD184, which is also known as the C-X-C Chemokine Receptor type 4 , CXCR4. (bdbiosciences.com)
- It is the specific receptor for the CXC chemokine, SDF-1/CXCL12. (bdbiosciences.com)
- CXCL12 binds to a receptor called CXCR4 on the surface of these stem cells. (nih.gov)
- We focus on WHIMS (Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis Syndrome) which is due to autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in the CXCL12 chemokine receptor and HIV coreceptor known as CXCR4. (nih.gov)
- The Munich-based research team has now designed and chemically synthesized short chains of amino acids - i.e. peptides - that function like a minimized soluble chemokine receptor. (presseportal.de)
- The mini-CXCR4 mimics we have developed are able to selectively differentiate between two different chemokines that target the same receptor - in this case between the atypical chemokine MIF and the classical chemokine CXCL12. (presseportal.de)
- In fact, their findings show that concepts based on mini-chemokine-receptor mimics are feasible and suggest that this kind of concept could potentially be applied to other chemokines as well. (presseportal.de)
- Designed CXCR4 mimic acts as a soluble chemokine receptor that blocks atherogenic inflammation by agonist-specific targeting. (presseportal.de)
- Sublining FLS expressing human leukocyte antigen-DRA (HLA-DRA) produce C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and seems to constitute a pro-inflammatory subset that is associated with inflammation and tertiary lymphoid structures. (intechopen.com)
- We hypothesize an explanation for this phenomenon based on the "homing of neutrophils" to bone marrow, which involves chemoattraction of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4 expressed on neutrophils towards the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 (CXCL12) expressed constitutively by bone marrow. (ku.edu)
- In support of this hypothesis, we have determined that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), the receptor for the chemokine CXCL12, is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells in response to androgens. (duke.edu)
- Work is in progress, but so far chemokine receptor CXCR2 and chimeric receptor CXCR4-R2 transfected T cells are capable of migrating towards their ligands, CXCL8 and CXCL12 respectively, in in vitro transwell migration assays. (bmj.com)
- The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor and is involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer metastasis and progression. (cern.ch)
SDF11
- However, in breast cancer where SDF1/CXCL12 is also expressed by the cancer cells themselves along with CXCR4, CXCL12 expression is positively correlated with disease free (metastasis free) survival. (wikipedia.org)
Stromal3
- 6) Proliferation with infiltration of stromal cells, particularly CAF (CXCL12/CXCR4). (spandidos-publications.com)
- This gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. (antikoerper-online.de)
- Binding of the endogenous ligand CXCL12 (also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)) to CXCR4 leads to activation of downstream signaling pathways that exert critical functions in development (organogenesis), normal physiology as well in disease processes. (cern.ch)
CCL22
- Another explanation of this observation is provided by a study that shows the ability of CXCL12 (and CCL2) producing tumors to entrain neutrophils that inhibit seeding of tumor cells in the lung. (wikipedia.org)
- By PCR analysis we found that several malignant melanoma (MM) cell lines showed expression of cytokines CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL12/SDF-1 and CCL2, which was confirmed by ELISA analysis of MM conditioned medium. (bmj.com)
Chemotactic3
- Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties. (frontiersin.org)
- The focus of our program is currently on the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of various primary immunodeficiencies especially as related to the chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) system which directs the migration, adhesion, activation, and function of leukocytes. (nih.gov)
- A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES . (bvsalud.org)
Cytokines and chemokines3
- Soluble mediators such as cytokines and chemokines are pivotal players in this disease, promoting vascular inflammation. (presseportal.de)
- Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of therapeutics related to cytokines and chemokines. (presseportal.de)
- Their extramedullary circulation can be increased by exogenous cytokines and chemokines. (mhmedical.com)
Motif1
- When stratified by specific clinical manifestation, patients with meningoradiculoneuritis had higher levels of B-cell chemoattractants CXC motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12 and CXCL13 and T-cell-associated mediators CXCL9, CXCL10, and interleukin 17, compared with those without radicular pain. (cdc.gov)
Tumor1
- Immune cells are guided from the circulation to the tumor microenvironment by an evolutionarily conserved and sophisticated system in the form of the chemokine network. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory2
- Many chemokines are constantly expressed and participate in the maintenance of tissue integrity, while some chemokines are transiently overexpressed or specifically induced in certain conditions (i.e., during inflammatory processes) where they are involved in critical biological functions (i.e., immune cell migration, tissue repair, cell proliferation and angiogenesis) ( 10 , 13 , 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Prodrugs of a CXC Chemokine-12 (CXCL12) Neutraligand Prevent Inflammatory Reactions in an Asthma Model in Vivo. (bio-protocol.org)
Superfamily1
- Chemokines are a superfamily of mostly small, secreted proteins that function in leukocyte trafficking, recruiting, and recirculation. (rndsystems.com)
Inflammation5
- Chemokines are proteins that help leucocyte migration to sites of tissue damage, inflammation and proliferation. (medscape.com)
- But chemokines also cause inflammation, and long-term inflammation in the brain and body can cause more harm than good. (nih.gov)
- A research team led by Dr. Evan Snyder from the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute tested whether they could engineer a natural chemokine to attract stem cells without causing inflammation. (nih.gov)
- Elevated levels of inflammation-related chemokines, including CXCL10, CCL14, CXCL16, CXCL7, and CCL22, in the aqueous humor of AMD patients may suggest a pathogenic role for inflammation. (molvis.org)
- The chemokine family contains many regulators of inflammation, cellular function and cellular migration-all critical factors in understanding the potential potency of a novel cellular therapeutic. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibit1
- Small neutralizing molecules to inhibit actions of the chemokine CXCL12. (bio-protocol.org)
Migration4
- β-arrestin-2-deficient mice demonstrate OVA-specific IgE responses, but have defective macrophage-derived chemokine-mediated CD4 + T cell migration to the lung. (jci.org)
- Chemokines orchestrate the migration of immune cells in our bodies. (presseportal.de)
- Importantly, androgens enhanced the migration of LNCaP cells toward a CXCL12 gradient, an effect that could be blocked by the specific CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. (duke.edu)
- Further, KLF5 is both required and sufficient for androgen-mediated CXCR4 expression and migration toward CXCL12. (duke.edu)
Progression3
- Moreover, posttranslational modification of CXCL12 during disease progression, through interaction with locally produced molecules or enzymes, also affects CXCL12 activity, adding further complexity. (nih.gov)
- 22. The role of the CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in the progression and metastasis of bone sarcomas (Review). (nih.gov)
- Taken together, these findings demonstrate that AR can utilize the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis through induction of KLF5 expression to promote prostate cancer progression and highlight the potential utility of CXCR4 antagonists as prostate cancer therapeutics. (duke.edu)
Cells2
- To attract stem cells to injured tissues, the body naturally releases chemicals called chemokines. (nih.gov)
- They altered a chemokine called CXCL12, which can draw neural stem cells to sites of injury or disease in the brain and central nervous system. (nih.gov)
Breast cancer2
Endogenous1
- Neutralizing endogenous chemokines with small molecules. (bio-protocol.org)
Molecule1
- This molecule is unique among chemokines in that it is a transmembrane protein with the N-terminal chemokine domain fused to a long mucin-like stalk. (rndsystems.com)
Homology1
- There are two known proteins with chemokine homology that fall outside of the α and ß subfamilies. (rndsystems.com)
Metastasis1
- Given that the levels of CXCL12 are elevated at sites of known prostate cancer metastases such as bone, these results suggest that androgens may influence prostate cancer metastasis. (duke.edu)
CXCR21
- The ELR chemokines bind to CXCR2 and generally act as neutrophil chemoattractants and activators. (rndsystems.com)
Prognostic1
- [ 59 ] With such multidimensional properties, understanding the prognostic significance of chemokines is complex. (medscape.com)
Fibrosis2
MRNA1
- Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing. (bvsalud.org)
Axis1
- 32. CXCR4/CXCL12/CXCR7 axis is functional in neuroendocrine tumors and signals on mTOR. (nih.gov)
Cysteine residues3
- The alpha (α) subfamily, also called the CXC chemokines, have one aa separating the first two cysteine residues. (rndsystems.com)
- Fractalkine, the only known member of the delta (δ) class (CXC chemokine), has three intervening aa between the first two cysteine residues. (rndsystems.com)
- Chemokines are grouped into the CXC, CC, C, and CX3C subfamilies based on the arrangement of the conserved cysteine residues. (molvis.org)
Pathological1
- 31. Biological/pathological functions of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. (nih.gov)
Immune1
- [ 60 ] Elevated chemokine levels can sometimes be identified years before patients are diagnosed with lymphomas, and might represent a chronic immune activation facilitating lymphomagenesis in high-risk patients (e.g. (medscape.com)
Expression6
- In contrast to these homeostatic functions, increased expression of CXCL12 in general, or of a specific CXCL12 splicing variant has been demonstrated in various pathologies. (nih.gov)
- For instance, a high pretreatment expression of chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 in DLBCL is associated with shorter PFS and OS in comparison with low CCL4/CCL3 expression. (medscape.com)
- The availability of genomic databases will no doubt lead to the discovery of additional chemokines, particularly those that display very restricted expression patterns. (rndsystems.com)
- To investigate the chemokine expression profiles in the aqueous humor of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) patients and to correlate their levels with clinical findings. (molvis.org)
- The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the chemokine expression profiles of wet AMD patients and to correlate their levels with clinical disease phenotypes. (molvis.org)
- Treatment-resistant and drug-free depressed patients had both increased inflammasome activation (higher P2RX7 and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines mRNAs expression) and glucocorticoid resistance (lower GR and higher FKBP5 mRNAs expression), while responsive patients had an intermediate phenotype with, additionally, lower CXCL12. (cam.ac.uk)
Therapeutic3
- [ 61 ] Similarly, elevated chemokine levels denote worse outcomes in T-cell lymphomas and are a potential therapeutic target to design novel therapy. (medscape.com)
- An improved understanding of the role of chemokines in wet AMD is necessary for successful therapeutic strategies. (molvis.org)
- Furthermore, this is strongly associated with leukocyte recruitment, immunomodulatory potential and T cell inhibition potential and we hypothesize that chemokine profiling can be used to predict the in vivo therapeutic potential of MSCs isolated from new sources and compare them to BM MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes1
- The ELR- chemokines bind CXCR3 to -5 and act primarily on lymphocytes. (rndsystems.com)
Proteins1
- The earliest discoveries of chemokines were made as a result of their biological activity or through studies that sought to identify proteins that are upregulated following cell activation or differentially expressed in selected cell types. (rndsystems.com)
Fibrocytes1
- CXCL12 levels were associated with an order of magnitude higher number of circulating fibrocytes in the peripheral blood of these patients. (nih.gov)
Roles1
- 37. CXCL14-CXCR4 and CXCL12-CXCR4 Axes May Play Important Roles in the Unique Invasion Process of Endometrioid Carcinoma With MELF-Pattern Myoinvasion. (nih.gov)
Researchers1
- Using computational methods, the researchers optimized the part of CXCL12 that initially binds CXCR4. (nih.gov)
Human2
- At the time of this writing, 14 different human genes encoding CXC chemokines have been reported in the scientific literature with some additional diversity contributed by alternative splicing. (rndsystems.com)
- Hier sind CXCL12 Antikörper für eine Vielzahl von Species wie anti-Human CXCL12, anti-Rat CXCL12, anti-Mouse CXCL12 zu finden. (antikoerper-online.de)
Lymphoma2
Role2
- Results from this Phase III study and many other ongoing Phase II studies could offer more information about the role of chemokine inhibitors as a class of drugs in treating T-cell lymphomas. (medscape.com)
- In addition to their primary role in mediating neuroinflammation, neuroimmune factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, and MHC, are essential for a variety of normal brain functions. (nih.gov)
Patients1
- To the best of our knowledge, chemokine profiles in the aqueous humor of patients with wet AMD have not been described. (molvis.org)