Chemical isocyanates. Medical search. Frequent questions

Occupational exposures to chemicals have the potential to adversely affect the health and lives of workers. (cdc.gov)
Medical Management Guidelines (MMG) for Acute Chemical Exposure - Publication intended to aid emergency department physicians and other emergency healthcare professionals who manage acute exposures resulting from chemical incidents. (cdc.gov)
Significant exposures to methyl isocyanate occur primarily in occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
When these chemicals are used without awareness of their hazards or how to prevent exposures, risks are higher. (cdc.gov)
Methylene-bisphenyl-isocyanate (101688) (MDI) and organic solvent exposures were investigated during the application of a polyurethane roofing system at the NIOSH Ridge Building, Cincinnati, Ohio. (cdc.gov)
The nasal mucosa and airway are the first areas of contact with inhalational exposures to chemicals. (medscape.com)
OHB materials and resources provide information on health hazards from isocyanates and ways to minimize workplace exposures. (ilpi.com)
Exposures to airborne isocyanates may also occur from the melting or burning of polyurethane foams during fire fighting. (cdc.gov)
Isocyanate exposures have also caused deaths due to both asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (paintsquare.com)
Applicators of foam insulation are among the occupational groups at risk for isocyanate exposures. (paintsquare.com)
The painting, automotive, building and construction industries are among those called out in the document as industries where isocyanate exposures are known or likely to occur. (paintsquare.com)

Exposure to methyl isocyanate typically occurs through inhalation or dermal absorption. (cdc.gov)
No biologic marker for methyl isocyanate exposure is available. (cdc.gov)
A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for methyl isocyanate exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
Human responses to isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation is the major route of exposure to methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
Acute exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors below the odor threshold can be irritating to the eye and respiratory epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Significant exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors would most likely be the result of accidental release of methyl isocyanate to the air such as occurred in Bhopal, India in1984, where the primaryeffect was pulmonary edema with some alveolar wall destruction. (cdc.gov)
Significant dermal exposure to methyl isocyanate would not likely occur outside an occupational environment in which methyl isocyanate is stored or used. (cdc.gov)
At the time of selecting them, the literature referred to them all as chemicals that cause asthma, although some have questioned the strength of association between exposure and asthma and the mechanism of action-irritation and/or sensitization. (cdc.gov)
Occupational lung disease can result from inhalational exposure to minerals and dusts, microbes, animal and insect proteins, and chemicals and can have long-lasting effects even after the exposure ceases. (medscape.com)
Chemical worker's lung refer to the development of lung disease in the work environment from inhalational exposure to chemicals. (medscape.com)
however, many of the limits are outdated and there are many chemicals for which OSHA had not yet set a workplace exposure limit. (medscape.com)
Workplace exposure to inhaled chemicals can lead to changes in the airway, lung parenchyma, blood vessels, and pleura or a combination of these structures in the lung. (medscape.com)
Systemic manifestations may also be present, depending on the chemical exposure. (medscape.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can develop following exposure to chemicals. (medscape.com)
Continued exposure to isocyanates can make the asthma worse. (ilpi.com)
exposure may also occur through skin contact during the handling of liquid isocyanates. (cdc.gov)
Occupational exposure normally occurs during the production and use of isocyanates-particularly during the mixing and foaming processes in the polyurethane foam industry. (cdc.gov)
Occupational exposure standards for isocyanates are based on respiratory irritation and sensitization and carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Generated by HazMatch, an easy-to-use protective apparel selection tool from Kappler that allows a user to choose an appropriate safety garment based on a specific chemical hazard and the exposure scenario. (kappler.com)
Exposure to isocyanates is mainly associated with respiratory disorders, but may also result in allergic contact dermatitis. (dissertations.se)
Federal health and safety authorities have announced a new crackdown on worker exposure to a chemical commonly used in protective and marine coatings. (paintsquare.com)
The document details a site selection system that will target multiple industries and focus on evaluating inhalation, dermal and other routes of occupational exposure to isocyanates. (paintsquare.com)
The cause of death was work-exacerbated asthma due to exposure to styrene, a chemical which was used in the injection process. (concentra.com)
Doctors and first responders base the diagnosis of exposure to a chemical weapon on the person's symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
Background Little is known about the extent of human isocyanate skin exposure in auto body shops and the effectiveness of personal protective equipment. (cdc.gov)
Animal studies have suggested that skin exposure to isocyanates may be an important risk factor for respiratory sensitization leading to asthma. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions Contaminated environmental surfaces and skin exposure to isocyanates were documented in several auto body shops. (cdc.gov)
1989]. However, exposure isocyanates were not available until recently when calori- characterization in auto body workers, particularly painters, metric sampling pads were developed. (cdc.gov)

The new results from ALMA show that methyl isocyanate gas surrounds each of these young stars. (eurekalert.org)

The journey from base chemicals such as propylene or benzene to end-use polyurethanes involves multiple steps and chemical products. (argusmedia.com)
To simultaneously form films while synthesizing solvent-free and catalyst-free bio-based polyurethanes, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer was selected as an isocyanate group source to produce a low-viscosity reaction medium for dispersing high contents of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, polyol) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). (bvsalud.org)
The isocyanate-free polyurethanes were based on polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) prepared from depolymerized native lignin, which we refer to as lignin hydrogenolysis oil (LHO). (bvsalud.org)

Methyl isocyanate is extremely toxic. (wikipedia.org)
These three chemicals were selected as examples not as the result of an analysis of data showing that these chemicals are the most toxic. (cdc.gov)
Some are natural biochemicals extracted from plants, while others are inorganic chemicals based on toxic metals or compounds of arsenic. (encyclopedia.com)
Foam insulations commonly contain toxic flame retardants, and spray foam contains asthma -causing isocyanates. (healthybuilding.net)
Overview of Chemical-Warfare Agents Chemical weapons are developed by governments for wartime use and include Toxic agents (intended to cause serious injury or death) Incapacitating agents (intended to cause only temporary, non-life-threatening. (msdmanuals.com)

Methyl isocyanate is a colorless highly flammable liquid that evaporates quickly when exposed to the air. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate liquid is colorless with a pungent odor. (cdc.gov)

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) technology is estimated to dominate the isocyanate market in terms of market size and growth rate due to it usage in various applications. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The most common of these are toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). (cdc.gov)

Methyl isocyanate is readily absorbed through the upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
It is best for all to avoid chemicals that are harmful to the respiratory system, and crucial for anyone who already has asthma to avoid anything that can trigger a reaction. (cdc.gov)
TDI and other isocyanates are powerful irritants to the mucous membranes of the eyes and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts [Swensson et al. (cdc.gov)
These products contain respiratory sensitizers, and other hazardous chemicals including carcinogens and developmental and reproductive toxicants . (healthybuilding.net)
Respiratory disease among workers exposed to isocyanates has been recognized since the 1950s. (paintsquare.com)

The standard scientific references on occupational asthma include formaldehyde in a discussion of chemicals that can cause occupational asthma although the asthma incidence rate has not been determined and the mechanism of induction may not be known. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) on the airborne concentrations of hazardous chemicals. (medscape.com)
Isocyanates , commonly used in paints, coatings, spray-on polyurethane products, and building insulation materials, are the focus of a new National Emphasis Program by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (paintsquare.com)

Methyl isocyanate is usually manufactured by the reaction of monomethylamine and phosgene. (wikipedia.org)
Methyl isocyanate is made byreacting methylamine with phosgene. (cdc.gov)
Bronchiolitis obliterans has also been reported with certain chemicals (eg, chlorine, phosgene, nitrogen dioxide). (medscape.com)

Although unlikely, ingestion of liquid methyl isocyanate could produce severe gastrointestinal irritation. (cdc.gov)
Chemical irritation of the airway can result in the development of new onset asthma or worsening of prior symptoms of asthma. (medscape.com)

Persons whose skin or clothing is contaminated with liquid methyl isocyanate can secondarily contaminate rescuers by direct contact or through off- gassing of vapor. (cdc.gov)
I suspect his symptoms are due to toluene diisocyanate or a similar isocyanate vapor. (cdc.gov)

Tp* 2 U(NBn), Tp* 2 U(N p -Tol), and Tp* 2 U(Ndetp), along with previously reported Tp* 2 U(NPh) and Tp* 2 U(NAd) (Ad = 1-adamantyl), readily undergo [2π+2π] cycloaddition with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to generate κ 2 -ureato and κ 2 -thioureato derivatives, respectively. (acs.org)
It also covers the chemical diversity of isothiocyanates and their detailed mechanisms of action as reported by various in vitro and in vivo studies. (frontiersin.org)
Catalyst-free Hydrophosphinylation of Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates under Low-Added-Solvent Conditions ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Isocyanates are highly reactive compounds used in the production of polyurethane. (dissertations.se)

Perstorp Holding France is an owner of technology and a major manufacturer of isocyanates in Europe and Asia, particularly in Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and Derivatives which are major feedstocks in the manufacturing of polyurethane with its main characteristics for the usage of foams and coatings in automobile and construction industry. (pttgcgroup.com)

Although the odor of methyl isocyanate cannot be detected at 5 ppm by most people, its potent lachrymal properties provide an excellent warning of its presence (at a concentration of 2-4 parts per million (ppm) subject's eyes are irritated, while at 21 ppm, subjects could not tolerate the presence of methyl isocyanate in air). (wikipedia.org)

MDI monomer concentration in area samples ranged from nondetected to 74 microgram/cubic meter (microg/m3), while total reactive isocyanate group concentrations ranged from nondetected to 338microg/m3. (cdc.gov)

DLF-70 is solvent based blocked aliphatic isocyanate product base on HDI, used as hardener for one-component PU coating. (doxuchem.com)
Methods Three auto body shops of different size which use different paint systems were examined for the presence of aliphatic isocyanates on environmental surfaces and workers' skin and for breakthrough of personal protective equipment. (cdc.gov)

A mixture of methyl isocyanate and two moles of hydrogen chloride is formed, but N-methylcarbamoyl chloride (MCC) forms as the mixture is condensed, leaving one mole of hydrogen chloride as a gas. (wikipedia.org)
The World War I gas was being used to produce methyl-isocyanate (MIC), a chemical 500 times deadlier than hydrogen cyanide, so volatile that unless kept in spotless conditions and refrigerated to 0˚C, it can even react explosively with itself. (bhopal.net)
Methyl isocyanate contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the chemical configuration CH3NCO. (eurekalert.org)
The amount of methyl isocyanate they detected -- the abundance -- with respect to molecular hydrogen and other tracers is comparable to previous detections around two high-mass protostars (i.e. within the massive hot molecular cores of Orion KL and Sagittarius B2. (eurekalert.org)
2] In addition, production of asphalt releases hazardous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, lead, and copper into the environment exposing fenceline communities to a wide array of chemicals that can impact their health. (healthybuilding.net)

Rigid foam, flexible foam, paints & coatings, adhesives & sealants, and elastomers & binders are some of the few examples of the many applications of isocyanate used in end-user industries. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Isocyanates used in polyurethane paints and foam are commonly associated with asthma. (medscape.com)
Latex gloves were not adequate protection for workers using isocyanate paints. (cdc.gov)

Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams from a commercial hydrolysable tannin extract, chestnut wood tannin extract, have been prepared to determine what chemical species and products are taking part in the reactions involved. (techscience.com)
It was found that since there were a number of active isocyanate groups on the PUR that was used, there was no difference in adding PUR or pMDI to the foams, and so only the results for pMDI were presented. (thermtest.com)
Isocyanates are used in automotive paint, spray-on truck bed linings, adhesives, orthopedic casts, shipping foams, polyurethane cushioning, industrial coatings, and in spray polyurethane foam (SPF) used to insulate walls and roofs. (ilpi.com)

7-Methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4,40]dec-5-ene (mTBD) is an important industrial chemical that is commonly used as a catalyst. (thermtest.com)

It is used as a raw material for manufacturing an extensive range of chemicals which is further projected to boost the demand for chlorine. (grandviewresearch.com)

Isocyanate-based rigid foam is an efficient insulation material that helps in considerable energy savings and is being increasingly used as an insulation material in buildings and construction. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Isocyanate usage in rigid foam is in high demand and it will surely continue to drive this market in the future. (marketsandmarkets.com)

A report on barriers to reducing the use of asthma-related chemicals. (cdc.gov)
This report takes the perspective that in order to reduce the incidence or worsening of asthma, the use reduction approach should be applied to all "asthma-related chemicals," those which could cause or exacerbate asthma, in adults and children. (cdc.gov)
However, it is important to note that there are many other chemicals related to asthma, some that are used in very high amounts (for example, 262,932,518 pounds of styrene use were reported under TURA in 2009). (cdc.gov)
This report uses the three chemicals not in order to brand them as the worst of the class, but because they provide clear illustration that we need to know more about how asthma-related chemicals are used in the Commonwealth, and how those uses may be reduced. (cdc.gov)
Worker in protective suit, full-face respirator and gloves spraying polyurethaneBreathing in isocyanates, or even getting these chemicals on skin, can cause asthma. (ilpi.com)
Workers in a wide range of industries and occupations are exposed to at least one of the numerous isocyanates known to be associated with work-related asthma,' according to OSHA. (paintsquare.com)
The chemicals mentioned in these two cases are among more than 300 substances used in the workplace that are known or suspected to cause asthma in healthy employees or exacerbate asthma in employees who have received an asthma diagnosis. (concentra.com)
Chemical breakthrough of gloves and protective estimated that about 5±20% of exposed workers develop clothing by solvents and pesticides has been investigated asthma [Seguin et al. (cdc.gov)
1990]. A number of studies have described cases of However, little has been reported in the literature on surface asthma in auto body spray painters [Cockcroft and Mink, and skin contamination by isocyanates in auto body shops. (cdc.gov)

Airborne concentrations of chemicals capable of causing such adverse health effects or of impeding escape from high-risk conditions may arise from a variety of nonroutine workplace situations, including special work procedures (e.g., in confined spaces), industrial accidents (e.g., chemical spills or explosions), and chemical releases into the community (e.g., during transportation incidents or other uncon- trolled-release scenarios). (cdc.gov)

Health(IDLH) limit is only 3 ppm and the threshold for detection of methyl isocyanate vapors ranges from 2 to 5 ppm in humans. (cdc.gov)

The author concludes that the data strongly suggest overexposures to monomeric MDI and total isocyanates occurred during roofing application. (cdc.gov)

Methyl isocyanate is used in the production of pesticides, polyurethane foam, and plastics. (cdc.gov)
Many workers - especially in auto body repair, foam manufacturing, and some types of construction - are exposed to isocyanates, a component of many polyurethane systems. (ilpi.com)

The primary use of methyl isocyanate is as a chemical intermediate in the production of pesticides. (cdc.gov)

Those of highest concern include halogenated flame retardants, formaldehyde-based binders, and isocyanates reacting on site. (healthybuilding.net)
These products avoid or mostly avoid petroleum-based chemicals and do not contain halogenated flame retardants or formaldehyde-based binders. (healthybuilding.net)

Detection of methyl isocyanate in environmental samples, as determined by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)

Proctor and Hughes' chemical hazards of the workplace. (cdc.gov)

Use of these chemicals also raises other concerns: all three are listed as Hazardous Air Pollutants under the Clean Air Act, and all three are reportable under the Toxics Release Inventory. (cdc.gov)
In addition, bentonite sheet waterproofing has the fewest hazardous chemicals associated with manufacture and installation of the materials considered. (healthybuilding.net)
Thermoplastic sheet waterproofing made without polyvinyl chloride (PVC) typically requires fewer hazardous chemicals to manufacture and contains less hazardous content. (healthybuilding.net)
Insulation products can contain a range of hazardous chemicals. (healthybuilding.net)
In addition, the production of insulation materials can also have significant impacts on nearby communities and the broader environment through the release of hazardous chemicals. (healthybuilding.net)

At temperatures below 39 °C (102 °F), methyl isocyanate is a very flammable liquid that readily evaporates when exposed to air. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate is handled and transported as a very flammable and explosive liquid. (cdc.gov)

These products do not contain chemicals expected to be a concern during their use. (healthybuilding.net)
Bentonite sheet waterproofing membranes do not contain any chemicals likely to be a concern during the products' use, but they are not free of chemical concerns. (healthybuilding.net)
Most blown and batt insulation avoids the chemicals of greatest concern in insulation, but some are still better than others. (healthybuilding.net)

Chemicals are a ubiquitous component of the modern workplace. (cdc.gov)

The long experience and in depth technology in the development of Isocyanate and its derivatives, are the basis for both to pursue this collaboration. (pttgcgroup.com)

Qualitative detection of contamination by isocyanates was conducted using a wipe-sampling technique. (cdc.gov)

A case in which a potentially exposed person is being evaluated by health-care workers or public health officials for poisoning by a particular chemical agent, but no specific credible threat exists. (cdc.gov)

Isocyanates are increasingly used in protective coatings for the automobile industry, putting those painters at risk, according to OSHA. (paintsquare.com)
Isocyanates are used in many protective coatings. (paintsquare.com)
Information on selecting protective clothing for isocyanates can be found on OSHA's Autobody Technical Links. (ccar-greenlink.org)

OSHA announced the program on Thursday (June 20)-the same day that PPG Industries announced that it had received a $1 million grant from the Department of Defense to develop military-grade coatings that do not use isocyanates. (paintsquare.com)

To sum up, the cross-linking modification of hydrophilic isocyanate can significantly improve the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrolysis resistance of KGM aerogels. (bvsalud.org)

We are a leading ingredients and specialty chemicals distributor. (dksh.com)
With our long-standing business contacts and strategic market insight, we develop new and alternative sources for innovative high-performance specialty chemicals that help drive your business success. (dksh.com)

Latex gloves used for skin protection showed signi®cant penetrations by isocyanates even after a single painting session. (cdc.gov)

The inorganic chemicals segment is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.9% from 2016 to 2024. (grandviewresearch.com)
Increasing demand for inorganic chemicals in the pharma industry is directly related to market growth over the coming years. (grandviewresearch.com)

Methyl isocyanate reacts readily with many substances that contain N-H or O-H groups. (wikipedia.org)

Proper care must be taken to store methyl isocyanate because of its ease of exothermically polymerizing (see Reactions) and its similar sensitivity to water. (wikipedia.org)
Cooling it slows reactions, buys time in an emergency, but MIC is so dangerous that chemical engineers recommend not storing it at all unless absolutely necessary and then only in the tiniest quantities. (bhopal.net)

The growing awareness of consumers and surging demand for the green-based chemicals such as zero volatile organic component coatings is expected to drive the substitution of solvent-based products with water-based products. (marketsandmarkets.com)

OSHA's 48-page Isocyanate NEP Instruction is likely to reverberate across the coatings and building materials industries. (paintsquare.com)

As the governments and organizations look forward to create a culture of environment sustainability the isocyanate market is expected to witness significant growth in the years to come. (marketsandmarkets.com)
GC has been rated number one in the world for sustainability in DJSI Chemicals Sector for four consecutive years. (pttgcgroup.com)

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3NCO. (wikipedia.org)
The insert shows the molecular structure of this chemical. (eurekalert.org)

Results Environmental surfaces such as painters' workbenches, spray equipment, and cleaning tools were found contaminated with isocyanates. (cdc.gov)

Children exposed to the same levels of methyl isocyanate as adults may receive larger doses because they have relatively greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and higher minute volume:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)

Bhopal tragedy's health effects: a review of methyl isocyanate toxicity. (cdc.gov)

Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate chemical in the production of carbamate pesticides (such as carbaryl, carbofuran, methomyl, and aldicarb). (wikipedia.org)

image: ALMA has observed stars like the Sun at a very early stage in their formation and found traces of methyl isocyanate -- a chemical building block of life. (eurekalert.org)
Two teams of astronomers have harnessed the power of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array ( ALMA ) in Chile to detect the prebiotic complex organic molecule methyl isocyanate [1] in the multiple star system IRAS 16293-2422. (eurekalert.org)
Niels Ligterink and his colleagues used data from the ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey ( PILS ), which aims to chart the chemical complexity of IRAS 16293-2422 by imaging the full wavelength range covered by ALMA's Band 7 on very small scales, equivalent to the size of our Solar System. (eurekalert.org)

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs12

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Health Care3

Exposures11

Exposure29

Methyl isocyanate gas1

Polyurethanes3

Toxic5

Colorless2

Methylene2

Respiratory5

Occupational3

Phosgene3

Irritation2

Vapor2

Isothiocyanates3

Compounds1

Toluene1

Odor1

Reactive1

Aliphatic2

Hydrogen5

Paints3

Foams3

Commonly1

Chlorine1

Rigid2

Asthma9

Concentrations1

IDLH1

Overexposures1

Foam2

Production of pesticides1

Formaldehyde2

NIOSH1

Hazards1

Hazardous5

Flammable2

Concern3

Workplace1

Derivatives1

Detection1

Poisoning1

Protective3

OSHA1

Mechanical properties1

Specialty chemicals2

Latex1

Inorganic chemicals2

Readily1

Reactions2

Solvent1

Coatings1

Sustainability2

Molecular2

Spray1

Lung1

Bhopal1

Intermediate1

ALMA3