Filter...

AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals

Select a category...

Cerebral InfarctionIntracranial PressureBrain InfarctionBrain EdemaBrain IschemiaBrain InjuriesIntracranial HypertensionCerebrovascular DisordersTomography, X-Ray ComputedCerebrospinal FluidInfarctionBrainCerebrovascular CirculationMyocardial InfarctionCerebral ArteriesBrain ChemistryMagnetic Resonance ImagingBlood PressureInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryDiuretics, OsmoticEdemaPressureBrain NeoplasmsTime FactorsCerebral HemorrhagePseudotumor CerebriGlasgow Coma ScaleBlood-Brain BarrierAquaporin 4Disease Models, AnimalIschemic Attack, TransientHydrocephalusDiabetic KetoacidosisStrokeCerebrospinal Fluid ShuntsBrain MappingCerebral AngiographyMiddle Cerebral ArteryCerebrospinal Fluid ProteinsRats, Sprague-DawleyIntracranial Embolism and ThrombosisCerebral PalsyMonitoring, PhysiologicSubarachnoid HemorrhageTreatment OutcomeCraniocerebral TraumaDecompressive CraniectomyMannitolCraniotomyNeuroprotective AgentsProspective StudiesCerebrospinal Fluid PressureRisk FactorsPapilledemaCerebral VentriclesPulmonary EdemaAcute DiseaseGlasgow Outcome ScaleSaline Solution, HypertonicCerebral VeinsBrain DiseasesHypertensionCerebral CortexRetrospective StudiesMalaria, CerebralHead Injuries, ClosedBrain Injury, ChronicSpinal PunctureVentriculostomyDiffuse Axonal InjuryBrain StemHypoxia, BrainBrain Damage, ChronicStroke, LacunarMeningitisLeukoaraiosisRats, WistarElectrocardiographyNeuronsBrain ConcussionSubarachnoid SpaceComaPredictive Value of TestsIntracranial EmbolismHemodynamicsHypothermia, InducedAltitude SicknessBlast InjuriesCarbon DioxideSpecific GravityCase-Control StudiesNervous System DiseasesCerebrospinal Fluid RhinorrheaTriethyltin CompoundsBlood Flow VelocityInjury Severity ScoreCranial SinusesRecovery of FunctionAge FactorsHyperammonemia

Intracerebral hemorrhageHemorrhageFluidArteriovenous malformationSaccularRuptured cerebral aneurysmStrokeAneurysmIschemiaHemorrhagicThrombosisArteriesMeningitisHypoxiaOcclusionAngiographyClinicallyAbsorptionElevationIncreasesAneurysmsInjuryCranialHemorrhagesMETHODSHerniationStimulationOccursSerumPatientsCommonlyMechanismsResultsResultRiskLumbarTreatmentBlood pressureImaging studiesEffectsSalt

Intracerebral hemorrhage5

• The combination of intracerebral hemorrhage and raised intracranial pressure (if present) leads to a "sympathetic surge", i.e. over-activation of the sympathetic system. (wikipedia.org)
• Thrombosis also form in cerebral venous, which is termed as cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT), a particular type of cerebrovascular disease, characterized by intracerebral hemorrhage and infarction, associated with increased intracranial pressure due to cerebrospinal fluid absorption and cerebral venous drainage, accounting for 0.5-1% of strokes ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
• This update highlights important clinical trial results on the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, including blood pressure management and surgery. (medlink.com)
• Through the years, intracerebral hemorrhage has also been termed "cerebral hemorrhage," "intracranial hemorrhage," "hemorrhagic stroke," and "cerebral bleed. (medlink.com)
• Intracerebral hemorrhage refers specifically to bleeding within the brain parenchyma. (medlink.com)

Hemorrhage11

• is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, but traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually considered a separate disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a condition in which there is bleeding into the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord, as shown in the images below. (medscape.com)
• The most common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage are head trauma and rupture of an intracranial aneurysm . (medscape.com)
• If a CT scan of the brain is negative and a strong clinical suggestion of subarachnoid hemorrhage exists, a CSF tap may be of value for confirming this diagnosis. (medscape.com)
• If the CSF reveals no evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (ie, either overt hemorrhage or xanthochromia), cerebral angiography may not be indicated. (medscape.com)
• Rupture of a saccular intracranial aneurysm causes approximately 80% of cases of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the subarachnoid space-the area between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater surrounding the brain. (wikipedia.org)
• Intraocular hemorrhage (bleeding into the eyeball) may occur in response to the raised pressure: subhyaloid hemorrhage (bleeding under the hyaloid membrane, which envelops the vitreous body of the eye) and vitreous hemorrhage may be visible on fundoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
• However, the familiar use of the term SAH refers to nontraumatic (or spontaneous) hemorrhage, which usually occurs in the setting of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM). (medscape.com)
• Intracranial hemorrhage refers to any bleeding within the cranial vault, including subdural and epidural hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medlink.com)
• Most patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage have high blood pressure. (medlink.com)

Fluid5

• if neuroimaging is normal, diagnosis is by cerebrospinal fluid analysis to look for xanthochromia and red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
• This space is normally filled with clear, colorless cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (medscape.com)
• Serum glucose values should be measured, for the sake of comparison with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels (see below). (medscape.com)
• In the early stages of TBI, the cerebrospinal fluid compensates the cerebral edema. (bvsalud.org)
• When possible, the craniotomy is planned to provide exposure and early opening of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cisterns to relax the brain. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Arteriovenous malformation2

• For SAH caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysmal vessel or arteriovenous malformation, emergency physicians have classically performed a noncontrast CT (NCCT), followed by a lumbar puncture. (medscape.com)
• SAH in a person known to have seizures is often diagnostic of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation. (wikipedia.org)

Saccular1

• A congenital intracranial saccular or berry aneurysm is the cause in about 85% of patients. (msdmanuals.com)

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm1

• SAH may occur as a result of a head injury or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. (wikipedia.org)

Stroke7

• Ischemic Stroke Ischemic stroke is sudden neurologic deficits that result from focal cerebral ischemia associated with permanent brain infarction (eg, positive results on diffusion-weighted MRI). (msdmanuals.com)
• Based on the etiology, stroke can be classified into ischemic or hemorrhagic subtypes, which ranks second among the leading causes of death. (frontiersin.org)
• Stroke is caused not only by arterial thrombosis but also by cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
• The ischemic stroke accounts for the 87% of all cases, which results from the cerebral arteries occlusion due to thrombosis, atherosclerosis and platelets plug ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Hypoxia and ischemia of the brain are key pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic stroke ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
• The molecular pathological hallmarks of arterial stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
• METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive ischemic stroke patients who underwent EVT in our institution from November 2015 to April 2022. (bvsalud.org)

Aneurysm2

• A nonenhanced computed tomography scan of the brain that demonstrates an extensive SAH filling the basilar cisterns in a patient with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. (medscape.com)
• Additionally, because of its small false-negative rate for aneurysm, cerebral angiography must be repeated after 1-2 weeks to further improve its diagnostic sensitivity. (medscape.com)

Ischemia2

• Secondary vasospasm (causing focal brain ischemia), meningismus, seizures, and hydrocephalus (causing persistent headache and obtundation) are common. (msdmanuals.com)
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is focal brain ischemia that causes sudden, transient neurologic deficits and is not accompanied by permanent brain infarction (eg, negative results on diffusion-weighted. (msdmanuals.com)

Hemorrhagic1

• Its cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes, but it is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock. (drugs-library.com)

Thrombosis1

• It may also occur due to intrathecally administered contrast material, leakage of high-dose intravenous contrast material into the subarachnoid spaces, or in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, severe meningitis, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, intracranial hypotension, cerebellar infarctions, or bilateral subdural hematomas. (wikipedia.org)

Arteries2

• Brain Aneurysms Brain aneurysms are focal dilations in the cerebral arteries. (msdmanuals.com)
• I use neuronavigation or intraoperative image guidance based on magnetic resonance imaging or preferably CTA angiogram data to achieve a wide craniotomy and expose the AVM nidus, its associated feeding arteries and draining veins, and a region of normal brain surrounding the AVM. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Meningitis1

• Blood in the subarachnoid space causes a chemical meningitis that commonly increases intracranial pressure for days or a few weeks. (msdmanuals.com)

Hypoxia3

• This occurs in cases of severe cerebral edema, such as by cerebral hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
• Hypoxia caused by impaired blood circulation can be referred to as circulatory hypoxia, which are classified as ischemic hypoxia and congestive hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)
• Ischemic hypoxia is caused by an impaired arterial blood supply, whereas congestive hypoxia results from an impaired venous return. (frontiersin.org)

Occlusion1

• The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that underwent right-sided middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were used for assessment of NKCC1, TNF-α and IL-1β expression using Western blotting, double immunofluorescence and real time RT-PCR, and the model also was used for evaluation of brain water content (BWC) and infarct size. (biomedcentral.com)

Angiography2

• Cerebral angiography is an invasive procedure with a small but significant risk of complication. (medscape.com)
• Diagnosis of SAH usually depends on a high index of clinical suspicion combined with radiologic confirmation via urgent noncontrast CT, followed by lumbar puncture or CT angiography of the brain. (medscape.com)

Clinically1

• Hypertonic saline (HS) has been successfully used clinically for treatment of various forms of cerebral edema. (biomedcentral.com)

Absorption1

• Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output. (drugs-library.com)

Elevation3

• It may cause stupor or seizure and may contribute to the elevation of intracranial pressure. (medscape.com)
• Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. (drugs-library.com)
• Average and large doses of corticosteroids can cause elevation of blood pressure, salt and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium. (recallguide.org)

Increases1

• When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. (drugs-library.com)

Aneurysms2

• In the United States, brain aneurysms occur in 3 to 5% of people. (msdmanuals.com)
• Brain aneurysms can occur at any age but are most common among. (msdmanuals.com)

Injury3

• Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function. (msdmanuals.com)
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health and social problem. (bvsalud.org)
• High doses of systemic corticosteroids, including methylprednisolone acetate injectable suspension, should not be used for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. (recallguide.org)

Cranial1

• These considerations prevent intracranial venous hypertension, which can be problematic for cranial surgery in general and in AVM surgery in particular. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Hemorrhages2

• The advent of head CT and brain MRI have greatly improved the detection, localization, and characterization of brain hemorrhages. (medlink.com)
• The small hemorrhages may resemble lacunar infarctions, whereas the large ones may present as coma. (medlink.com)

METHODS1

• METHODS: A low-pressure and low-oxygen tank mimicking high-altitude conditions was used to establish the high-altitude cerebral oedema animal model. (bvsalud.org)

Herniation2

• Isolated dilation of a pupil and loss of the pupillary light reflex may reflect brain herniation as a result of rising intracranial pressure (pressure inside the skull). (wikipedia.org)
• Care must be taken not to perform lumbar punctures in patients who are at risk for brain herniation or are manifesting signs of impending herniation. (medscape.com)

Stimulation1

• The results suggest that 10% HS alleviates cerebral edema through inhibition of the NKCC1 Cotransporter, which is mediated by attenuation of TNF-α and IL-1β stimulation on NKCC1. (biomedcentral.com)

Occurs1

• the other half consists of bleeding that occurs within the brain parenchyma. (medscape.com)

Serum1

• In some instances, low serum sodium is due to cerebral salt wasting rather than SIADH. (medscape.com)

Patients1

• This is a cross-sectional observational design study with retrospective review of medical records of patients with brain metastases treated with VMAT- RS between 2012 and 2018. (preprints.org)

Commonly1

• Whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery are two treatment modalities commonly utilized to treat brain metastases (BMs). (preprints.org)

Mechanisms1

• Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors. (drugs-library.com)

Results1

• RESULTS: SHED can prevent and treat cerebral oedema in a high altitude rat animal model. (bvsalud.org)

Result2

• Overzealous correction of their blood glucose may result in cerebral edema as well as a cascade of electrolyte abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
• This study aimed to explore if alleviation of cerebral edema by 10% HS might be effected through down-regulation of inflammatory mediator expression in the microglia, and thus result in decreased NKCC1 expression in astrocytes in the cerebral cortex bordering the ischemic core. (biomedcentral.com)

Risk3

• Brain edema is maximal and risk of vasospasm and subsequent infarction (called angry brain) is highest between 72 hours and 10 days. (msdmanuals.com)
• OBJECTIVE: To explore the high-efficiency and low-risk prevention and treatment strategies for stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for high-altitude cerebral oedema. (bvsalud.org)
• BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Risk factors and predictors of malignant cerebral edema (MCE) after successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) were not fully explored. (bvsalud.org)

Lumbar2

• Identification of increased pressure by lumbar puncture may also modify the therapy provided. (medscape.com)
• If this is impractical, I install a lumbar drain to gradually drain CSF during the craniotomy to provide brain relaxation. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Treatment3

• Mechanistically, SHED treatment can protect brain cells from apoptosis induced by high altitude condition. (bvsalud.org)
• CONCLUSION: SHED treatment can relieve high-altitude cerebral oedema via inhibiting HIF- 1α-mediated ERK signalling, which indicates that SHED is a promising alternative strategy to prevent and treat high-altitude cerebral oedema. (bvsalud.org)
• This suggests that ion channel transporters related to water transport whose expression is localized in astrocytes and other cerebral cell types are potential therapeutic targets in HS treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Blood pressure3

• Medications such as labetalol may be required to lower the blood pressure until repair can occur. (wikipedia.org)
• Therefore, rapid and early infusion of large volumes of crystalloids is performed in clinical practice to restore blood volume and blood pressure. (bvsalud.org)
• Rapid blood pressure control is safe but does not improve the clinical outcome. (medlink.com)

Imaging studies1

• Brain imaging studies may be of importance. (medscape.com)

Effects1

• The preventive effects of SHED for cerebral oedema were then evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and histological staining. (bvsalud.org)

Salt1

• Unlike SIADH, cerebral salt wasting is associated with a decline rather than an increase in patient mass. (medscape.com)