Cell caspases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Non-cytotoxic assay arrests further apoptotic activity via caspase inhibition. (immunochemistry.com)
Inhibition of Caspase-1 Activation in Endothelial Cells Improves Angiogenesis: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR ISCHEMIA. (immunochemistry.com)
Herein, we compared the inhibition effects of OP-B on NCI-H460, A549, A549/DDP and A549/PTX cells, and tried to find out the most sensible cell line to OP-B and the underlying reasons. (researchsquare.com)
combined BI2536 (an inhibitor of PLK1) with cisplatin (DDP) to treat ESCC cells and found the combination of two drugs had a synergistic effect on tumor inhibition and resulted in pyroptotic death of cancer cells by Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. (researchsquare.com)
CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
The five crystal structures of caspase-3-aza-peptide epoxide inhibitor complexes reported here reveal the structural basis for the mechanism of inhibition and the specificities at the S1' and the S4 subsites. (rcsb.org)
It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
In contrast, inhibition of ATP production did not affect caspase activation after triggering of CD95. (diva-portal.org)
However, inhibition of caspase activation simply delayed the apoptotic phenotype but neither protected against cell death nor prevented mitochondrial injury. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Together, these results show a strong preventive efficacy of silibinin against photocarcinogenesis, which involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle progression and an induction of apoptosis. (nih.gov)
In addition to inducing apoptosis, caspase inhibition contributes to necroptosis and/or autophagy depending on the cell type and cellular context. (molcells.org)
We conclude that enhanced TRIF-RIP1-dependent autocrine action of IFNβ, rather than inhibition of ERK or Akt, is involved in TLRs/zVAD-induced autophagic and necroptotic cell death via the JAK/STAT1/ROS pathway. (molcells.org)
This can be induced by caspase inhibition under certain circumstances. (molcells.org)
We found that glioma-induced microglia conversion was coupled to a reduction in the basal activity of microglial caspase-3 and increased S-nitrosylation of mitochondria-associated caspase-3 through inhibition of thioredoxin-2 activity, and that inhibition of caspase-3 regulated microglial tumor-supporting function. (cam.ac.uk)
Our results provide evidence that inhibition of the denitrosylation of S-nitrosylated procaspase-3 mediated by the redox protein Trx2 is a part of the microglial pro-tumoral activation pathway initiated by glioma cancer cells. (cam.ac.uk)
This event caused depletion of thiol groups and glutathione, NF-κB inhibition, JNK activation and cell detachment from the matrix. (unipa.it)
[ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)

Cell Technology's probes utilize carboxyfluorescein(FAM)-labeled peptide fluoromethyl ketone (FMK) caspase inhibitors (FAM-peptide-FMK). (immunochemistry.com)
2CNL: Crystal structures of caspase-3 in complex with aza-peptide epoxide inhibitors. (rcsb.org)
A favorable network of hydrogen bonds involving the oxyanion hole, catalytic histidine, and the atoms in the prime site of the inhibitor enhance the binding affinity and specificity of the aza-peptide epoxide inhibitors toward caspase-3. (rcsb.org)
The three main classes of caspase inhibitors frequently found among viruses include serpins (CrmA/SPI-2), viral IAPs (vIAPs) and p35. (edu.pl)
Useful in studying enzyme regulation and inhibitors, determining target substrate, screening caspase inhibitors, or as a positive control in caspase assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
Active recombinant caspases are useful in screening caspase inhibitors, studying enzyme kinetics and regulation, determining substrate specificity, and as a positive control in caspase activity assays. (enzolifesciences.com)
All these effects were prevented by NAC, while caspase inhibitors were ineffective, thus suggesting a caspase-independent cell death. (unipa.it)

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) inhibits cell death through suppression of the caspase cascade, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. (nature.com)
Though inducing more significantly pyroptosis by activating Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, OP-B relieved DDP resistance of A549 cells. (researchsquare.com)
The mechanism of drug resistance in tumors are complex, which mainly includes drug concentration reduction in tumor cells, abnormal drug metabolic pathway, DNA damage repair dysfunction, regulation of autophagy, blocking of apoptotic pathways, and self-renewal or proliferation of tumor stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
The activation of classical and non-classical pathway is separately dependent on Caspase-1 or Caspase-4/5/11 (6, 7). (researchsquare.com)
Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
We observed that the WNV-Cp protein is a pathogenic protein, which drives apoptosis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)
Finally, the function of CED-3 caspase in this context is dependent on its activation through the conserved egl-1 BH3-only, ced-9 Bcl-2, and ced-4 Apaf-1 pathway. (ucl.ac.uk)
But in cases where pyroptotic stimuli are strong enough, for example in response to the need to eliminate cells infected by bacteria or viruses, the pyroptotic pathway can override apoptosis and terminate cells in a way that also recruits the immune system into the battle. (sbpdiscovery.org)
Promotes apoptosome formation and activates caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway. (rndsystems.com)
These results suggest that chemotherapeutic drug-induced caspase activation is entirely controlled by a receptor-independent mitochondrial pathway, whereas CD95-induced apoptosis can be regulated by a separate pathway not requiring Apaf-1 function. (diva-portal.org)
Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
reveal that blebs form at the front of chemotaxing Dictyostelium cells, particularly when the cells are faced with a mechanically resistant environment, and that this process is guided by a PI3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway. (scivee.tv)
We propose a model where caspase-2 regulates the cell cycle and protects DNA replication forks to prevent DNA damage accrual in a pathway distinct from its apoptotic role. (nature.com)
Caspase-2 is most well-known for initiating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway [1] and as a tumor suppressor [2]. (nature.com)
If caspase-2 regulates cell division through the same pathway, it would be expected to phenocopy the cell cycle results of caspase-2 null cells. (nature.com)
While other groups have demonstrated non-apoptotic roles for caspase-2 in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest [2], this is the first demonstration that these roles are regulated by a distinct pathway to apoptosis. (nature.com)
Thus, caspase-2 activation during replication stress engages a pathway distinct from that engaged by cytokinesis failure. (nature.com)
In this review , an alternative intrinsic cell death pathway, mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase -1 (PARP-1) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), is described. (bvsalud.org)
This pathway seems to be triggered by depletion of NAD (+) and appears to be caspase independent. (bvsalud.org)
Several lines of evidence suggest that this pathway plays a role in I/R injury , although some studies indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction may also trigger AIF translocation and cell death . (bvsalud.org)
Gentamicin-induced hair cell death was initiated through the caspase-9 intrinsic apoptotic pathway followed by activation of downstream executioner caspase-3. (cdc.gov)
Support cell death was initiated through the caspase-8 extrinsic apoptotic pathway followed later by downstream activation of caspase-3. (cdc.gov)
Caspase-1 was significantly elevated in the liver at 6 h, to a greater extent in BALB/c mice, suggesting inflammasome pathway activation. (cdc.gov)

Prevention of ATP production completely inhibited caspase activation and apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic drugs and staurosporine. (diva-portal.org)

Furthermore, TNF α and Fas induced the cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase (MEKK)1, resulting in generation of a constitutive active form of MEKK1 leading to JNK activation in c-FLIP knockdown cells. (nature.com)
In addition, time-dependent cleavage of PARP was also detected in U266 and MM.1S cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
For a caspase-9-specific test, 5 μg of pcWNV-Cp-DJY or pcWNV-CpWT was cotransfected with a dominant negative caspase-9 (DN caspase-9) construct, and cleavage of procaspase-9 protein was determined by Western blot analysis with antihuman caspase-9 antibody (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). (cdc.gov)
Cleavage of pNA peptides by caspases generates pNA that is monitored colorimetrically at ~405 nm. (eurogentec.com)
However, oligomerization of HLA-DR antigens induced caspase activation followed by phosphatidylserine externalization, activation of PKC-delta and cleavage of nuclear lamin B. Mitochondrial injury was also detected. (birmingham.ac.uk)
In response to cytokinesis failure, caspase-2-mediated cleavage of MDM2 stabilizes p53, leading to p21-induced G1 arrest [5]. (nature.com)
However, we did not observe any MDM2 cleavage or caspase-2-dependent p21 expression following exposure to DNA damage or replication stress. (nature.com)

Unlike the clan CA cysteine proteases, the catalytic histidine in caspase-3 plays a critical role during protonation and subsequent ring opening of the epoxide moiety and facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the active site cysteine. (rcsb.org)
Caspase-8 (FLICE/MACH-1) is a 55 kDa cytosolic protein with homology to the CD95/Fas-associated signal transducer, FADD/MORT-1, as well as to other caspase (ICE/Ced-3) cysteine proteases. (bdbiosciences.com)
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the proteases involved in programmed cell death. (springer.com)
While slowly unravelling the complexities of apoptosis in chapter one, the next three chapters individually elaborate on different classes of proteases that play key roles in the initiation, progression and execution of programmed cell death. (springer.com)
Activation of ICE-family proteases/caspases initiates apoptosis in mammalian cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Caspase-1 is the prototypical member of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. (enzolifesciences.com)

It remains inactive in growing cells while it is associated with its inhibitor (ICAD, DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa subunit, DFFA or DFF45) resulting into a complex ICAD-CAD. (wikipedia.org)
Per usual in non-apoptotic growing cells caspase activated dnase is held in check inactivated in the cytoplasm thanks to the association with its inhibitor, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) also known as DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45). (wikipedia.org)
MCF-7) and this phenotype is blocked by overexpression of the caspase-3 protease inhibitor, CrmA. (bdbiosciences.com)
In macrophages, necroptosis can be induced by co-treatment with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] for TLR4 and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly I:C] for TLR3) and a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD. (molcells.org)
We showed that LPS/zVAD- and poly I:C/zVAD-induced cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was inhibited by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. (molcells.org)
Interestingly, we demonstrated that in MDA-MB231 cells the effect of parthenolide was potentiated by the addition of z-VAD-fmk, a general inhibitor of caspases. (unipa.it)

That protein cleaves and activates caspases 3 and 7, and the protein itself is processed by caspase 8. (wikipedia.org)
Pyroptosis is a messy death that releases a lot of cell debris, activates the immune system and triggers inflammation. (sbpdiscovery.org)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates the Inflammasome via NLRP3- and Caspase-2-Driven Mitochondrial Damage. (umassmed.edu)
This may suggest that caspase-2 activates a non-canonical replication checkpoint to facilitate DNA repair. (nature.com)

We have recently shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induces caspase-dependent and -independent JNK activation and ROS accumulation in cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-Flip) −/− murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (nature.com)
The tumor suppressor DAL-1/4.1B and protein methylation cooperate in inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (immunochemistry.com)
Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase 3 is responsible for cellular differentiation, although it is unclear how this kind of protein can promote the cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a protein that is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (wikipedia.org)
We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
Full-length recombinant human caspase-8 protein was used as immunogen. (bdbiosciences.com)
Salvesen explains, "Apoptosis and pyroptosis are similar in that they both rely on protein-cleaving enzymes called caspases to carry out the cell death sentence. (sbpdiscovery.org)
It does this via caspase-1, a version of the enzyme that chops up a protein called gasdermin-D (GSDMD) to create a small toxic piece of GSMD that mediates the process. (sbpdiscovery.org)
Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14 C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. (nature.com)
Silibinin also showed a strong phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2, stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN NH2-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases but inhibited Akt phosphorylation and decreased survivin levels with an increase in cleaved caspase-3. (nih.gov)
The CARD11 gene provides instructions for making a protein involved in the function of immune system cells called lymphocytes, particularly certain types called T cells and B cells. (medlineplus.gov)
When T or B cells recognize a foreign substance, the CARD11 protein is turned on (activated) and attaches (binds) to two other proteins, BCL10 and MALT1, to form the CBM signalosome complex. (medlineplus.gov)
The altered protein produced from the mutated copy of the gene interferes with the normal protein produced from the non-mutated copy of the gene (such mutations are described as "dominant-negative"), so the amount of functioning CARD11 protein in cells is reduced. (medlineplus.gov)
They can occur when MITOCHONDRIA become damaged due to cell stress and release CYTOCHROME C. Cytosolic cytochrome C associates with APOPTOTIC PROTEASE-ACTIVATING FACTOR 1 to form the apoptosomal protein complex. (bvsalud.org)
and protein carbonyl, IL-1beta, and caspase-1 determination. (cdc.gov)

DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The Caspase-8 substrate and pNA standard are especially light sensitive. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Routinely tested for its ability to cleave the caspase-1 colorimetric substrate Ac-YVAD- p NA (Prod. (enzolifesciences.com)
Useful tips for selecting caspase substrate-based activity assays. (abcam.com)
The lamella is a broad, flat region that forms at the front of migrating cells and adheres to the underlying substrate. (scivee.tv)

Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

Protocols portraying in vitro and ex vivo colorimetric and fluorescence-based enzyme kinetic studies as well as cell death assays are explained in the fifth chapter. (springer.com)
Learn about cell viability assays. (abcam.com)
Learn about the assays used to assess cell proliferation and the cell cycle. (abcam.com)
An introductionto the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death and apoptosis assays and markers. (abcam.com)
Cytotoxic effects of fipronil and fipronil sulfone were examined using the adenylate kinase and the trypan blue exclusion assays in HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

In vitro apoptosis in individual cells was determined by terminal desoxyriboxyl-desoxyriboxyl transferase-mediated DVTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay with the In Situ Cell Death Assay Kit (Roche Diagnostic Corp., Indianapolis, IN) and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. (cdc.gov)
Caspase 8 Colorimetric Activity Assay Kit, IETD Caspase-8 Colorimetric Activity Assay Kits provide a simple & convenient means for assaying the activity of caspases that recognize the sequence IETD. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Apoptosis is a cell self-destruct process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development and other life processes. (wikipedia.org)
We speculate that the new nonapoptotic function of C. elegans CED-3 caspase in asymmetric neuroblast division is relevant to the function(s) of mammalian caspases in stem cells. (ucl.ac.uk)
Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.jp)
A wide variety of ototoxic drugs are capable of damaging the sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea resulting in permanent hearing loss. (cdc.gov)

The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Imaging of cell death in malignancy: Targeting pathways or phenotypes? (aacrjournals.org)
This suggests that the different cell death pathways must communicate with each other to decide which mechanism will be used in a given situation. (sbpdiscovery.org)
In a commentary in Cell Chemical Biology, Guy Salvesen, Ph.D., professor at SBP reviews a recent report that partly solves the riddle of communication between two of these cell death pathways, called apoptosis and pyroptosis. (sbpdiscovery.org)
The data in this report demonstrate that the requirements for the initiating signal (oligomerization versus engagement) as well as the molecular pathways varies between different B lymphoproliferations despite their common expression of HLA-DR. Finally, blockade of caspase activation in parallel with HLA-DR mAb stimulation could provide a potent autovaccination stimulus by leading to necrotic death of B-cell lymphomas. (birmingham.ac.uk)
It's been theorized before, but now we see exactly what the caspase molecules and pathways do," says Sharad Kumar, a cell-death expert at the Hanson Centre for Cancer Research at Adelaide University, South Africa. (the-scientist.com)
Kamber Kaya HE, Ditzel M, Meier P, Bergmann A. An inhibitory mono-ubiquitylation of the Drosophila initiator caspase Dronc functions in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways. (umassmed.edu)
Here, we elucidated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cell death. (molcells.org)
Discover pathways on apoptosis induction, caspase activation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (abcam.com)
View our webinar focusing on the pathways of necroptotic cell death. (abcam.com)
In ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) injury increased intracellular Ca(2+) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause cell death by intrinsic apoptotic pathways or by necrosis . (bvsalud.org)

6‑O‑angeloylplenolin (6‑OAP) is a sesquiterpene lactone agent that has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells through mitotic arrest with accumulated cyclin B1. (spandidos-publications.com)
In our previous study, ophiopogonin B (OP-B) has been verified to inhibit cell proliferation in numerous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (researchsquare.com)
DN caspase-9 (provided courtesy of Emad S. Alnmeri, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA) has been reported to inhibit the caspase cascade ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Viral proteins (v-FLIPS) which inhibit recruitment and activation of caspase-8 have been isolated. (bdbiosciences.com)
Among pathogens, particularly viruses express various modulators of caspases that inhibit their activity by direct binding. (edu.pl)
Moreover, in vivo studies confirm that the CTAC@MSNs-HSA are able to induce cancer cell death and efficiently inhibit tumor growth. (rsc.org)

Caspase-3 is a widely expressed dimeric peptidase that is the major executioner caspase, the primary downstream mediator of apoptotic-associated proteolysis. (rndsystems.com)
Campbell and Okamoto reveal that localized caspase activation downstream of Slit-Robo signaling promotes arbor dynamics and restricts arbor growth. (scivee.tv)

Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its caspase recruitment domain with CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. (umassmed.edu)
Our resources and products to study apoptosis include apoptosis kits and antibodies to key proteins such as caspases and the Bcl-2 family. (abcam.com)
The UPR normally helps secretory cells to resolve issues with 3D shaping of newly synthesized proteins. (gene.com)

Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.jp)

Caspase-3 is a prototypic executioner caspase that plays a central role in apoptosis. (rcsb.org)
Caspase 2 plays a role in APOPTOSIS by cleaving and activating effector pro-caspases. (umassmed.edu)
therefore, we overexpressed Bcl-X L to distinguish caspase-2's role in cell division and DNA protection from its role in apoptosis. (nature.com)

abstract = "Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class II antigen-mediated apoptosis has been documented in antigen-presenting cells and B lymphoproliferations. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Mutations in CRADD Result in Reduced Caspase-2-Mediated Neuronal Apoptosis and Cause Megalencephaly with a Rare Lissencephaly Variant. (umassmed.edu)
The cone-enriched apoptotic protease caspase-7 ( Casp7 ) is thought to be triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and plays a pivotal role in mice deficient in the cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, a deficiency that causes achromatopsia in humans and in mice with autosomal dominant rhodopsin mutations, in particular the T17M mutation. (molvis.org)
In turn, myeloid cells are less active in old age due to phagocytosis and antigen presentation, and they get more mutations. (medscape.com)
At least four mutations in the CARD11 gene cause another immune cell disorder called B-cell expansion with NF-κB and T-cell anergy (BENTA). (medlineplus.gov)

To date the mechanism of regulation of caspase-1 activation is complex and poorly understood. (enzolifesciences.com)
7) Human shugoshin 2 (Sgo2), a protector of meiotic cohesin with hitherto unknown function in somatic cells, represents a crucial second branch of anaphase regulation. (uni-bayreuth.de)

The apoptosome signals apoptosis by binding to and activating specific INITIATOR CASPASES such as CASPASE 9. (bvsalud.org)

Positively charged CTAC could actively target mitochondria by interacting with the negatively charged mitochondria membrane, and then lead to the dysfunction of mitochondria by decreasing mitochondrial potential and intracellular ATP levels, resulting in the necrosis and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. (rsc.org)
EC 2.4.2.30), causing excessive use of energetic substrates such as NAD (+) and ATP , inducing cell death either by apoptosis or by necrosis . (bvsalud.org)
The influence of adipocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α also causes the bone marrow to develop B-cells more and more weakly and slowly. (medscape.com)
Acute solvent exposure induced activation of cytochrome P4502E1 causes proximal tubular cell necrosis by oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
The morphologic features characteristic of the disease's pathology include small tumor cells with minimal cytoplasm, nuclear molding, fine chromatin pattern, extensive tumor necrosis/apoptosis, and a brisk mitotic rate. (medscape.com)

J Cell Biol (2002) 157 (1): 115-124. (rupress.org)

Caspase-10 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the CASP10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase-1 exists in cells as an inactive 45kDa pro-enzyme. (enzolifesciences.com)
In THP-1 cells, a large proportion of the caspase-1 is present in the inactive pro-enzyme form. (enzolifesciences.com)
We have discovered that the key UPR enzyme IRE1 is hijacked by certain cancer cells to avert apoptosis and resist proteotoxic stress. (gene.com)

To suppress this antiapoptotic function of NF- κ B might be a promising strategy to increase susceptibility of tumor cells to stress-induced cell death. (nature.com)
Consistent with the results using c-Flip −/− MEFs, we found that TNF α stimulation induced caspase-dependent prolonged JNK activation and ROS accumulation, followed by apoptotic and necrotic cell death in various tumor cells. (nature.com)
Given that ROS accumulation and necrotic cell death enhance inflammation followed by compensatory proliferation of tumor cells, selective suppression of caspase-dependent ROS accumulation will be an alternative strategy to protect cells from ROS-dependent DNA damage and compensatory tumor progression. (nature.com)
2006). The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Itch Couples JNK Activation to TNF α -induced Cell Death by Inducing c-FLIP(L) Turnover. (nature.com)
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that associated with inflammation, which characterized by cell swelling, destruction of membrane structural integrity and cytoplasmic contents release, like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (5). (researchsquare.com)
We report that the WNV-capsid (Cp) by itself induces rapid nuclear condensation and cell death in tissue culture. (cdc.gov)
Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Activation-induced cell death (AICD) is an active process. (eurekaselect.com)
Thus, inflammatory signals that activate neuroglia may also initiate internal death program, in which caspases play a crucial role. (eurekaselect.com)
Synergism of Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease and IFN-gamma triggers distinct death machineries in different human cancer cells. (eurogentec.com)
Induction of differentiation rescues HL-60 cells from Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease-induced cell death. (eurogentec.com)
Synergism of Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease and IFN-γ triggers distinct death machineries in different human cancer cells. (eurogentec.com)
The N-terminal region of caspase-8 contains an amino acid sequence, termed the death domain, that facilitates caspase-8-FADD direct interaction. (bdbiosciences.com)
This is a monograph on proteolysis via programmed cell death via caspase and granzyme mediated destruction in neurodegeneration. (springer.com)
These cells don't die because they are sick, but because they are following built-in signals that initiate their death. (sbpdiscovery.org)
The loss of ability to undergo regulated cell death is one hallmark of malignant cancer cells. (sbpdiscovery.org)
What really is surprising about regulated cell death is the number of different ways cells can terminate themselves. (sbpdiscovery.org)
In contrast, apoptosis uses caspase-3 and caspase-7 to initiate cell death by damaging the cell nucleus and its DNA, causing a relative quiet cell death with minimal disruption to the rest of the body. (sbpdiscovery.org)
First author Marcin Poreba, Ph.D., a postdoc in the Salvesen lab, adds that, "The decision of a cell to use pyroptosis versus apoptosis depends to a large extent on the strength of the death signals the cell receives. (sbpdiscovery.org)
This is a good thing, since regulated cell death usually occurs as part of normal development and maintenance programs in which inflammation should be avoided. (sbpdiscovery.org)
It's almost like a contest to see which caspases win the death race. (sbpdiscovery.org)
One is mediated by recruitment of the proximal regulator caspase-8 to the death receptor complex. (diva-portal.org)
Interestingly, caspase-8, whose function appeared to be restricted to death receptors, was also activated by these drugs under normal conditions, but not after ATP depletion. (diva-portal.org)
Cell Death Dis. (enzolifesciences.com)
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Caspases, generally associated with cell death, may have a role at the very beginnings of life. (the-scientist.com)
Steller considers the caspase involvement as being a mirror image of traditional cell death. (the-scientist.com)
For example, the identification of a cell death mechanism could be exploited to prevent the execution of cone death itself. (molvis.org)
Thus, identifying a specific caspase as part of a cell death mechanism can give insights into the underlying cause for cell death. (molvis.org)
Accordingly, both cell death and ROS production induced by TLR ligands plus zVAD were abrogated in STAT1 knockout macrophages. (molcells.org)
Cell death is an evolutionarily conserved biological process that is crucial for embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and immune responses. (molcells.org)
Several studies have identified various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis. (molcells.org)
Apoptosis is a mechanism of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. (abcam.com)
Parthenolide induces caspase-independent cell death in osteosarcoma, melanoma and breast cancer cells through the induction of oxidative stress. (unipa.it)
Preliminary results suggested that parthenolide induced cell death in these cells with a mechanism similar to that demonstrated in osteosarcoma and melanoma cells. (unipa.it)
Mitochondria play an important role in supplying cellular energy, cell signaling and governing cell death. (rsc.org)
Mitochondrion is a common membrane-coated organelle that participates in energy conversion, homeostasis of calcium, cell signaling and cell death. (rsc.org)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 mediated caspase-independent cell death after ischemia/reperfusion. (bvsalud.org)
Recently, it was demonstrated that activation of PARP-1 induces translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor from the mitochondria to the nucleus, causing DNA condensation and fragmentation, and subsequent cell death . (bvsalud.org)
At present, the exact mechanisms linking PARP-1 and AIF in the induction of the ROS-induced cell death are still unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, it appears that further investigations will yield valuable information on underlying mechanisms and potential interventions to reduce caspase -independent cell death during ischemia - reperfusion . (bvsalud.org)
METHOD: Both genetic and functional alterations in mitochondria can lead to errors that trigger programmed cell death, which in turn give rise to a number of diseases that affect the nervous system. (lu.se)
Fipronil mediated activation of caspase-3/7 in concurrence with compromised ATP production and viability are attributed to apoptotic cell death. (cdc.gov)
[ 7 ] More recent data from striatal neuronal cultures transfected with mutant huntingtin and transgenic mice carrying the spinocerebellar ataxia-1 (SCA-1) gene (another CAG repeat disorder) suggest that NIIs may not be necessary or sufficient to cause neuronal cell death, but translocation into the nucleus is sufficient to cause neuronal cell death. (medscape.com)

Apoptotic cells undergo changes including cell shrinkage and chromosomal DNA fragmentation. (abcam.com)

Can be performed in conjunction with Annexin staining, TUNEL, antibody staining, or with other APO LOGIX reagents on the same population of cells. (immunochemistry.com)
The localization pattern of capsid expression was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay in HeLa, 293-T, RD, or SH-SY5Y cells by using anti-His tag antibody as described ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
The antibody recognizes both the proform of human caspase-8 (55/50 kDa doublet) as well as the cleaved form (40/36 kDa doublet) on SDS/PAGE. (bdbiosciences.com)
After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.jp)

To apply this observation to tumor therapy, we knocked down c-FLIP by RNA interference in various tumor cells. (nature.com)
It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumor cells invade through extracellular matrices by forming actin-rich structures called invadopodia, which contain the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP. (scivee.tv)

Activated Caspase-1/4/5/11 catalyze GSDMD to cleave into GSDMD-N and GSDMD-C fragments, and GSDMD-N can bind and form pores at cell membrane, so as to lead pyroptosis and release IL-1β and IL-18 to extracellular environment (8, 9). (researchsquare.com)
These caspases also cleave GSDMD, but in way that doesn't create the toxic fragment. (sbpdiscovery.org)

pNA (4-nitroaniline)-derived caspase substrates are widely used for the colorimetric detection of various caspase activities. (eurogentec.com)

In all cases, apoptosis is mediated by caspases, although it is unclear how these diverse apoptotic stimuli cause protease activation. (diva-portal.org)

led to a reduction in both microglia recruitment and tumor expansion, whereas depletion of microglial caspase-3 gene promoted tumor growth. (cam.ac.uk)
A mutation in one of the two copies of the CARD11 gene in each cell is sufficient to cause atopic dermatitis. (medlineplus.gov)

We have previously shown that CED-3 caspase is activated in such neuroblasts, and that before neuroblast division, a gradient of CED-3 caspase activity is formed in a ced-1 MEGF10 (multiple EGF-like domains 10)-dependent manner. (ucl.ac.uk)
Comparison of the absorbance of pNA from an apoptotic sample with an uninduced control allows determination of the fold increase in caspase-8 activity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We recommend using 1 unit per assay for analyzing caspase activity. (enzolifesciences.com)
Simultaneous activity of both enzymes only occurs when cells rush through mitosis due to pathological loss of the SAC. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Similarly, p53 activity was minimally impacted by the absence of caspase-2. (nature.com)
Furthermore, we identified the activity of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2, also known as iNOS) originating from the glioma cells as a driving stimulus in the control of microglial caspase-3 activity. (cam.ac.uk)
Our research further revealed that inhibiting IRE1 activity in cancer-surveilling dendritic cells augments anti-tumor immunity. (gene.com)
A significant time- and dose-dependent induction of adenylate kinase activity in HepG2 cells was noted from 0.1 to 12.5 µM fipronil followed by decreasing activities at 25 and 50 µM. (cdc.gov)
The possibility that cytotoxic effects were due to apoptosis was indicated by significant time- and dose-dependent induction of caspase-3/7 activity in both HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Here, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3 caspase regulates asymmetric cell division. (ucl.ac.uk)
Consistent with our evidence that caspase-2 regulates a replication checkpoint, the chromosomal aberrations detected in caspase-2-deficient cells are not repaired before metaphase. (nature.com)
Hypoxia regulates TRAIL sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells through mitochondrial autophagy. (xabiolite.cn)

It breaks up the DNA during apoptosis and promotes cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)

Membrane blebs can help the leading edge of migrating cells protrude forwards, but the contribution of blebs to the motility of Dictyostelium cells is unclear. (scivee.tv)
However, whether caspase-2 plays an active role in regulating the cell cycle has up until now been unclear. (nature.com)
How exactly caspase-2 contributes to DNA repair is unclear. (nature.com)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-30e-5p ameliorates high-glucose induced renal proximal tubular cell pyroptosis by inhibiting ELAVL1. (immunochemistry.com)
Organic solvent-induced proximal tubular cell toxicity via caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)

The caspases DRONC, DRICE, and ARK start the process of whittling away everything in the cyst that isn't sperm - mostly cytoplasm and organelles. (the-scientist.com)

T-helper cells become less common, and as a result, terminally differentiated effector memory T-cells become more common. (medscape.com)

These substances include apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (apaf 1), cytochrome c and members of the protease family: the caspases. (lu.se)

Caspase signals resulting from the activation of nuclease CAD indicate that the cell differentiation is due to a CAD modification in chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
In turn, the plant produces GA, which seems to combat the improper growth signals and re-establishes cell-cycle control. (nature.com)
Under the influence of genetic stop-and-go signals, the composition of the T-cell population also changes over the course of our lives. (medscape.com)
Without these signals, T cells do not develop or function properly. (medlineplus.gov)

Works in diverse cell lines: human, rodent, Drosophila. (immunochemistry.com)
Independent research from Bruce Hay's lab at California Institute of Technology 3 and Hermann Steller's lab at Rockefeller University in New York 4 show caspases to be directly involved in Drosophila sperm individualization, the process during which spermatids differentiate and become single sperm cells. (the-scientist.com)
Early Drosophila embryos undergo 13 rounds of rapid nuclear division before enclosing each nucleus into an individual, membrane-bound cell. (scivee.tv)
During development, the planar polarized distribution of Rho kinase and Myosin II helps Drosophila germ-band cells intercalate so that the embryo extends along its anterior-posterior axis. (scivee.tv)

To identify pyroptosis in the cells, electron microscopy was used to observe cell morphology, flow cytometry was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential, and the LDH release rate was analyzed by microplate reader. (researchsquare.com)

The B-cell lymphoma Ramos shares characteristics of this subgroup and is insensitive to apoptosis via simple HLA-DR engagement. (birmingham.ac.uk)

inflammatory stimuli induce neuroglial apoptosis through caspases-11, -1, and -3. (eurekaselect.com)
Arsenic and fluoride induce neural progenitor cell apoptosis. (eurogentec.com)
Overexpression of caspase-8 is sufficient to induce apoptosis in certain cell lines (e.g. (bdbiosciences.com)

Based on these findings, we propose that CED-3 caspase plays a critical role in the asymmetric division by size and fate of neuroblasts, and that this contributes to the reproducibility and robustness with which the smaller daughter cell is produced and adopts the apoptotic fate. (ucl.ac.uk)

6-OAP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, as detected by DNA fragmentation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)

The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)

green) using Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) (D3E9) Rabbit mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed lines). (cellsignal.jp)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded Jurkat cell pellets, untreated (left) or etoposide-treated (right), using Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) (D3E9) Rabbit mAb on SignalSlide ® Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) IHC Controls #8104. (cellsignal.jp)

B) U266 and MM.1S cells were treated with 6-OAP at the indicated concentrations for 48 h and DNA fragmentation was analyzed. (spandidos-publications.com)
The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. (wikipedia.org)
It is also known as caspase activated nuclease (CPAN), dna fragmentation factor 40 (DFF-40), DFF2 and DFFB. (wikipedia.org)
Staining with Hoechst 33342 revealed in most cells after brief periods of treatments (3-5h) chromatin condensation and fragmentation, while only few cells were PI-positive. (unipa.it)

In contrast, cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium initially damaged the support cells and only later damaged the hair cells. (cdc.gov)

By evading the apoptotic process viruses can better control their production in the infected cell, and avoid the attack of immune system. (edu.pl)

These cells do not undergo apoptosis, and the primary outcome of caspase-2 activation is continued, cell division. (nature.com)

No preparation of cell lysates required. (immunochemistry.com)
Lysates from control (lanes 1-3) and camptothecin treated Jurkat cells (lanes 4-6) were probed with anti-human caspase-8 (clone 4-1-20, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)

Jurkat T cells (ATCC CRL-1573) are suggested as positive controls. (bdbiosciences.com)

Anatomy14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs81

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes21

Information Science2

Inhibition17

Inhibitors7

Pathway23

Inhibited caspase activation1

Cleavage7

Proteases6

Inhibitor6

Activates4

Protein16

Substrate5

Activation of caspases1

Assays5

Assay Kit2

Mammalian4

Pathways11

Inhibit6

Downstream2

Proteins3

Recombinant1

Role in apoptosis3

Abstract1

Mutations4

Regulation2

Initiator1

Necrosis5

20021

Enzyme5

Death49

Apoptotic Cells1

Antibody4

Tumor cells3

Cleave2

Colorimetric1

Although it is unclear1

Gene2

Activity9

Regulates3

Promotes1

Unclear3

Proximal tubular cell2

DRONC1

Effector1

Cytochrome1

Signals4

Drosophila4

Flow Cytometry1

Apoptosis via1

Induce3

Contributes1

Induces apoptosis1

Induction of apoptosis2

Asp1752

Fragmentation4

Cisplatin1

Evading the apoptotic1

Undergo apoptosis1

Lysates2

Jurkat1