Cationic amino acid transporter 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters control fluxes of nutrients and metabolites across membranes and thereby represent a critical interface between the microenvironment and cellular and subcellular metabolism. (life-science-alliance.org)

Some animal proteins, for example, those in the LAT family (TC# 2.A.3.8) including ASUR4 (gbY12716) and SPRM1 (gbL25068) associate with a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is essential for insertion or activity of the permease and forms a disulfide bridge with it. (tcdb.org)
The structure contains 12 transmembrane helices, with the first 10 consisting of an inverted structural repeat of 5 transmembrane helices like LeuT (TC #2.A.22.4.2). (tcdb.org)
The hOAT3 cDNA consisted of 2179 base pairs that encoded a 543-amino-acid residue protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains. (aspetjournals.org)
These motifs contain 2 hydrophobic alpha-helical segments connected by an extensive hydrophilic sequence, resulting in 6 transmembrane portions of the protein. (medscape.com)
Currently, Sarah is a PhD candidate in the Busschaert group at Tulane University, working on various medical and non-medical applications of synthetic transmembrane anion transporters. (rsc.org)
She then moved to the University to Southampton (UK) in 2010 to undertake a PhD under the supervision of Professor Philip A. Gale, working on the development of synthetic transmembrane anion transporters. (rsc.org)

L -arginine is an essential amino acid for chickens and turns out to be a conditionally essential amino acid for mammals under many stressful conditions [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In mammals, arginine is formally classified as a semi-essential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

There was higher expression of the neutral and cationic amino acid transporter gene (y + LAT-2) with the prebio and blend, either alone or in combination. (embrapa.gov.br)
Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. (life-science-alliance.org)
DAAO is highly specific towards D-amino acids and favours free neutral D-amino acids or those with hydrophobic, polar or aromatic groups. (smpdb.ca)
System y + L is a broad-scope amino acid transporter which binds and translocates cationic and neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)
In the presence of Na + , L-leucine was the neutral amino acid that interacted more powerfully. (uandes.cl)
In K + , the carrier behaved as a cationic amino acid specific carrier, interacting weakly with neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)
Guanidinium stimulated the interaction of the carrier with neutral amino acids, but the effect was restricted to certain analogues (e.g. (uandes.cl)
Thus, in the presence of guanidinium, the carrier discriminates sharply among different neutral amino acids. (uandes.cl)
Large neutral amino. (biocheminfo.org)

A cDNA encoding a multispecific organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) was isolated from a human kidney cDNA library. (aspetjournals.org)
first, organic anions are transported from the peritubular plasma by basolateral organic anion transporter(s) and subsequently effluxed into the tubular lumen by luminal transporter(s). (aspetjournals.org)

Cationic amino acid transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
In a human prostate carcinoma cell line, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of USP9X reduced IGF-IR as well as IRS-2 protein levels and increased their ubiquitination. (oncotarget.com)
These results suggest that midazolam has an antiinflammatory action by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, possibly through suppression of NF-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. (asahq.org)
The transporter was identified by probing a mammalian-expressed sequence tag database with 2 fungal mitochondrial ornithine carrier protein sequences. (medscape.com)

The in vivo trial was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on inflammatory responses, arginine transporters, arginine catabolism and JAK-STAT signalling pathway in broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens or without C. perfringens . (biomedcentral.com)

Afterwards, L-lysine is imported into mitochondria via mitochondrial ornithine transporter 2. (smpdb.ca)
In hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome, the mitochondrial ornithine transporter ORNT1 is defective. (medscape.com)
In hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinemia syndrome, the mitochondrial ornithine transporter ORNT1 is defective. (medscape.com)

have presented the crystal structure of apo-ApcT, a proton-coupled broad-specificity amino acid transporter, at 2.35 Å resolution. (tcdb.org)

L-Lysine is imported into liver through low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 (cationic amino acid transporter 2/SLC7A2). (smpdb.ca)

A significant difference among treatments in the expression of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter gene (SGLT1) was noted, with greater expression in birds that received NC. (embrapa.gov.br)
The infectibility of the regenerating rat liver by ecotropic retroviruses was studied relative to the expression of the gene coding for the ecotropic retrovirus receptor (Ecor) that functions as a cationic amino acid transporter. (tmu.edu.tw)
This time course of infection paralleled expression of the gene for the Ecor, which was rapidly induced between 2 and 6 h during liver regeneration. (tmu.edu.tw)
The infection of the regenerating rat liver by ecotropic retroviruses at the time point of expression of the receptor gene supports the requirement of expression of this transporter for infection. (tmu.edu.tw)

To demonstrate that rat alveolar macrophages (AM) exhibited the PepT1-like transporter for the uptake of arginine (Arg)-containing small peptides and utilized these peptides as direct substrates for nitric oxide (NO) production. (cdc.gov)
The uptake of Arg-Lys*, beta-Ala-Lys*, and Gly-Sar-Lys* was blocked (approximately 50%) by cephradine (an inhibitor of PepT1 for peptide transport) but not by Lys (an inhibitor on cationic amino acid transporter 2B for Arg transport). (cdc.gov)
This study shows that AM exhibit PepT1-like transporter for small peptide uptake. (cdc.gov)
Cellular arginine uptake is mainly mediated by the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family, also known as y + transporters, which is involved in active transport [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Both LAT2 and LAT1 (2.A.3.8.1) catalyze uptake of S-nitro-L-cysteine (Li and Whorton, 2005). (lbl.gov)
Results: In vitro studies revealed that in response to ADI-PEG20 treatment, arginine auxotrophs increase the uptake of L-[ 3 H]arginine and [ 18 F]AFETP due to an increase in the expression and localization to the plasma membrane of the cationic amino acid transporter CAT-1. (wustl.edu)

Cationic amino acid transporters are 14 TM proteins, which mediate pH- and sodium-independent transport of cationic amino acids (system y + ), apparently as an exchange mechanism. (guidetopharmacology.org)
As with other mitochondrial carrier family proteins, the ornithine carrier is composed of 300 amino acids that constitute 3 repeated motifs of approximately 100 amino acids each. (medscape.com)
Membrane transport proteins that actively co-transport ASCORBIC ACID and sodium ions across the CELL MEMBRANE. (lookformedical.com)
L-Arginine ((S)-(+)-Arginine) is the substrate for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ) to generate NO. L-Arginine is transported into vascular smooth muscle cells by the cationic amino acid transporter family of proteins where it is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, or L-proline. (medchemexpress.com)

In addition, we examined the expression and localization of cationic amino acid transporters in response to arginine starvation with ADI-PEG20. (wustl.edu)

A particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heterologous polypeptide has specific binding affinity for a cognate receptor on die surface of an eukaryotic cell, binding to which does not allow infection of the cell by the viral particle. (sumobrain.com)
A particle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heterologous polypeptide has no specific binding affinity for a eukaryotic cell surface component. (sumobrain.com)
Na + replacement with K + does not affect lysine transport, but markedly decreases the affinity of the transporter for L-leucine and L-glutamine. (uandes.cl)

We have shown that cationic amino acid transporter 2 (Cat2) expression is induced in MDSC at the inflammatory sites in parallel to Arg1 and Nos2 expression. (purdue.edu)

A well-established mechanism for MDSC suppressive activity is the metabolism of L-Arginine (L-Arg) by Arginase 1 (ARG1) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2). (purdue.edu)
Arginine-containing peptides, through the PepT1 transporter system, can serve as direct substrates of iNOS for the production of NO by AM. (cdc.gov)
Arginine Transport via Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 Plays a Critical Regulatory Role in Classical or Alternative Activation of Macrophages. (mpg.de)
The structure and function of the cadaverine-lysine antiporter, CadB (2.A.3.2.2), and the putrescine-ornithine antiporter, PotE (2.A.3.2.1), in E. coli have been evaluated using model structures based on the crystal structure of AdiC (2.A.3.2.5), an agmatine-arginine antiporter. (tcdb.org)
Methods: Within this study, we assess the utility of a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to determine sarcomas reliant on extracellular arginine for survival by measuring changes in amino acid transport in arginine auxotrophic sarcoma cells treated with ADI-PEG20. (wustl.edu)
Conclusion: CAT-1 transporters localizes to the plasma membrane as a result of arginine starvation with ADI-PEG20 in ASS1-deficient tumor cells and provides a mechanism for using cationic amino acid transport substrates such as [ 18 F]AFETP for identifying tumors susceptible to ADI-PEG20 treatment though non-invasive PET imaging techniques. (wustl.edu)
In mammals, the charm of L-arginine occurs through a one's own flesh of cationic amino acid transporters known as CATs (cationic amino acid transporters), the properties of which earmarks of that of the y + amino acid transport system. (fosite.ru)
Arginine or l-arginine, abbreviated Arg or R, is an essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
Arginine is a basic amino acid as its side chain contains a positively charged guanidinium group, which is highly polar, at the end of a hydrophobic¬†aliphatic¬†hydrocarbon chain. (cannabisdatabase.ca)
L-Arginine is an amino acid that has numerous functions in the body. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

But, the production of NO by AM using these peptides as substrates was 2-fold higher than using Arg as a substrate. (cdc.gov)
Most antimicrobial peptides are cationic amphiphilic compounds that function by binding to the negatively charged lipids of bacterial membranes, followed by membrane disruption. (rsc.org)

Moreover, we identified metabolic compensation mediated by the glutamate/aspartate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3 under glutamine-limiting conditions. (life-science-alliance.org)

Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are major targets of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) tyrosine kinase activated by IGFs, and are known to play important roles in the activation of downstream signaling pathways, such as the Erk1/2 pathway. (oncotarget.com)

The expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), cationic amino acid transporter 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was detected by Western blot. (bvsalud.org)
Then, bile acyl-CoA synthetase teams up with 3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid to create 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Argininosuccinic acid is produced from the condensation of citrulline and aspartate by a synthetase enzyme. (medscape.com)

In pathway V, the racemase alr forms D-lysine, which is oxidized to 6-amino-2-oxo-hexanoate, spontaneously decarboxylates to 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate, a reductase forms L-pipecolate, an oxidase forms 1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate. (lbl.gov)
As part of MetaCyc pathway L-lysine degradation I ( link ), gluratate is hydroxylated to L-2-hydroxyglutarate (also known as (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate) by a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxidase. (lbl.gov)
Peroxisomal acyl coenzyme A oxidase 2 converts 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA into 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is one of the main enzymes that metabolize D-Amino acids via deamination. (smpdb.ca)

An enzyme involved in the metabolism of ASCORBIC ACID and aldarate. (lookformedical.com)

Knockdown of USP9X suppressed basal activation of the Erk1/2 pathway, which was significantly restored by exogenous expression of IRS-2 but not by IGF-IR, suggesting that the stabilization of IRS-2 by USP9X is critical for basal Erk1/2 activation. (oncotarget.com)
When the concentration of a critical nutrient decreases below a certain threshold because of lack of availability or increased consumption, transcriptional and metabolic programs are triggered to limit anabolic and promote catabolic processes via expression of metabolic enzymes or induction of autophagy and macropinocytosis ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
by enhancement of the endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO) production[8, 9], the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-receptor 2 and activation of endogenous fibroblasticgrowth factor -2 [10, 11]. (alk-inhibitors.com)

Neuropediatrics 2021 Apr;52(2):92-97 Epub 2020 Oct 21. (medizinische-genetik.de)

The Ser/Thr exchange transporter (SteT) (also transports aromatic amino acids with lower efficiency) (Reig et al. (lbl.gov)
Q9NA91 2.A.3.8.10 Aromatic amino acid exchanger, AAT-9 (Veljkovic et al. (lbl.gov)

Overall, this gain-of-function approach using human cells uncovered functional transporter-nutrient relationships and revealed that transport activity up-regulation may be sufficient to overcome environmental metabolic restrictions. (life-science-alliance.org)
Hip1 of S. cerevisiae (TC #2.A.3.1.5) has been implicated in heavy metal transport. (tcdb.org)
They proposed that Lys158 is central to proton-coupled transport and that the amine group serves the same functional role as the Na2 ion in LeuT, thus demonstrating common principles among proton- and sodium-coupled transporters. (tcdb.org)
The transport properties of rOAT1 are nearly identical to those of the classic PAH transporter. (aspetjournals.org)
Dietary absorption of VITAMIN C is highly dependent upon this class of transporters and a subset of SODIUM GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS which transport the oxidized form of vitamin C, DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)

Norepinephrine activates α 1 , α 2 , β 1 receptors. (medchemexpress.com)

SLC7 family members may be divided into two major groups: cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) and glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporters (gpaATs). (guidetopharmacology.org)

In pathway VI, lysine 6-aminotransferase (lat) forms (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate, which spontaenously dehydrates to 1-piperideine 6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate In pathway VIII, L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase (lysDH) forms (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate, which spontaenously dehydrates to 1-piperideine 6-carboxylate, and a dehydrogenase forms L-2-aminoadipate. (lbl.gov)
Comment: L-2-aminoadipate is an intermediate in L-lysine degradation pathways V and VI ( link , link ). (lbl.gov)
L-Lysine and oxoglutaric acid will be combined to form saccharopine by facilitation of mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, and then, mitochondrial alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase will further breaks saccharopine down to allysine and glutamic acid. (smpdb.ca)

Ornithine incorporation was restored in fibroblasts derived from patients with hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome by transforming the fibroblasts with transporter complementary DNA (cDNA). (medscape.com)

Note that organic derivatives of phosphonic acids are listed under are ORGANOPHOSPHONATES. (lookformedical.com)
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. (cannabisdatabase.ca)

Specifically speaking, after transfecting liver tumor cell lines with antisense nucleic acids or mimics of miR-122, the inhibition of HBV replication was found by overexpression of miR-122 and promotion of HBV replication by depletion of endogenous miR-122 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
These transporters are sensitive to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide . (guidetopharmacology.org)

Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. (lookformedical.com)
L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan. (medchemexpress.com)

A particle according to claim 1, further comprising the nucleic acid sequence encoding die protease cleavage signal. (sumobrain.com)
Nucleic Acids Res, 2011. (edu.pl)

This enzyme is used another time, to create 3a,7a-dihydroxycoprostanic acid. (smpdb.ca)
With the help of water, peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 turns 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA into 3a,7a,24-trihydoxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
This compound then uses peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 to create chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
An inner mitochondrial membrane transporter directs ornithine to the transcarbamoylase enzyme to keep intramatrix ornithine levels low. (medscape.com)
An enzyme that converts ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. (lookformedical.com)

There are 2 motifs predicted. (systemsbiology.net)

Distant constituents of the APC superfamily are the AAAP family (TC# 2.A.18), the ArAAP family (TC# 2.A.42) and the STP family (TC# 2.A.43). (tcdb.org)
The deduced amino acid sequence of hOAT3 showed 36 to 51% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. (aspetjournals.org)

These components of the pathway occur in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although 2 enzymes, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 26 hydroxylase, are found in the mitochondria. (smpdb.ca)
A total of 5 enzymes in 2 subcellular compartments (mitochondrial matrix and cytosol) convert ammonia into urea, which is excreted by the kidney (see image below). (medscape.com)
Enzymes and transporters are highlighted in italics. (medscape.com)

D-Amino may have negative effects as they can be found in some bacteria or form spontaneously in certain reactions. (smpdb.ca)

Midazolam significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced up-regulation of both cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in a dose-dependent manner (approximately 3-30 microm). (asahq.org)
6 Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced in macrophages by proinflammatory stimuli, including mitogens, cytokines, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. (asahq.org)

7 Accumulated data indicate that COX-2 and iNOS are involved in many inflammatory processes and are induced in various carcinomas, suggesting that COX-2 and iNOS play a key role in inflammation and tumorigenesis. (asahq.org)

A bile acids life begins as cholesterol is catabolized, as bile acid is a derivative of cholesterol. (smpdb.ca)
There are two more important components of this pathway, both depicting the breakdown of cholesterol into bile acid. (smpdb.ca)
Bile acids play a very important part in the digestion of foods, and are responsible for the absorption of water soluble vitamins in the small intestine. (smpdb.ca)
Bile acids also help absorb fats into the small intestine, a crucial part of any vertebrates diet. (smpdb.ca)

24(2): e29124, 2022 02 24. (bvsalud.org)

The field started changing in the late 1990s when the Gr1 + CD11b + cellular phenotype was suggested as defining the immune-suppressive myeloid cells in spleens of mice and when these cells were shown to be phenotypically similar but functionally distinct from monocytes and neutrophils ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Cationic L-ornithine is electroneutrally transported into the matrix in exchange for a proton and citrulline. (medscape.com)

Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. (lookformedical.com)

One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. (life-science-alliance.org)

In addition, recent placental epithelial transcriptome analysis identified several glucose, amino acid, lipid, vitamin, mineral and hormone transporter mechanisms within the placenta. (biomedcentral.com)
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. (lookformedical.com)
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. (lookformedical.com)

Glutaryl-CoA degradation ( link ) involves glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) to crotonyl-CoA (trans-but-2-enoyl-CoA), hydration to (S)-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, oxidization to acetoacetyl-CoA, and cleavage by a C-acetyltransferase to two acetyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)

Here we have studied the interaction of the carrier with various amino acids in the presence of Na + , K + , Li + and guanidinium ion. (uandes.cl)

Anatomy7

Organisms4

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes14

Information Science3

Solute1

Transmembrane6

Conditionally essential amin2

Neutral9

Anion2

Protein4

Signalling pathway1

Mitochondrial ornithine transporter3

Broad-specificity1

SLC7A21

Gene4

Uptake6

Proteins4

Localization1

Affinity3

Cat21

Arginine10

Peptides2

Glutamate1

Substrates1

Synthetase3

Oxidase4

Metabolism1

Expression3

20201

Aromatic2

Transport5

Receptors1

CATs1

Lysine3

CDNA1

Organic2

Inhibition2

Metabolite2

Nucleic2

Enzyme5

Motifs1

Family2

Enzymes3

Spontaneously1

Nitric oxide sy2

Inflammatory1

Bile4

20221

Cellular1

Citrulline1

Human1

Metabolic1

Vitamin3

Cleavage1

Carrier1