Ross Granville Harrison in 1907 then developed in vitro cell culture techniques, including modifying the hanging drop technique for nerve cells and introducing aseptic technique to the culture process. (wikipedia.org)
In his 1907 paper, "Experiments in Transplanting Limbs and Their Bearing Upon the Problems of the Development of Nerves," in the Journal of Experimental Zoology that he edited, Ross Granville Harrison tested the development of nerves in transplanted tissue. (asu.edu)
In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph . (wikipedia.org)
Alexis Carrel1
Later in 1910, Montrose Thomas Burrows adapted Harrison's technique and collaborated with Alexis Carrel to establish multiple tissue cultures that could be maintained in vitro using fresh plasma combined with saline solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Montrose Thomas Burrows1
The term "tissue culture" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows . (wikipedia.org)
Vascular grafts3
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts can grow and remodel and can therefore enable great advances in pediatric cardiovascular surgery. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Stenosis is the primary complication with tissue-engineered vascular grafts. (medscape.com)
These can be divided into autologous tissue grafts, allografts, xenografts, alloplastic prostheses/artificial grafts, and tissue-engineered vascular grafts. (medscape.com)
Adherent culture2
Suspension culture is one of the two classical types of cell culture, the other being adherent culture. (wikipedia.org)
Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
Suspension culture4
A cell suspension or suspension culture is a type of cell culture in which single cells or small aggregates of cells are allowed to function and multiply in an agitated growth medium, thus forming a suspension. (wikipedia.org)
However, this does not mean that these cells are compatible with suspension culture, as most mammalian cells are adherent and need to attach to a surface to divide. (wikipedia.org)
Immortalized mammalian cell lines (cells that are able to replicate indefinitely), plant cells, and insect cells can be obtained cryopreserved from manufacturers and used to start a suspension culture. (wikipedia.org)
Although both adherent and suspension cell cultures require media, media used in suspension culture may contain a surfactant to protect cells from shear forces in addition to the amino acids, vitamins and salt solution contained in culture media such as DMEM. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly2
Suspension cell culture is commonly used to culture nonadhesive cell lines like hematopoietic cells, plant cells, and insect cells. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
Closely3
The history of suspension cell culture closely aligns with the history of cell culture overall, but differs in maintenance methods and commercial applications. (wikipedia.org)
The history of suspension cell culture is closely tied to the overall history of cell and tissue culture. (wikipedia.org)
The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
Nerve1
Santiago Ramón y Cajal suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. (asu.edu)
Specific2
These cultures need to be maintained with nutrient containing media and cultured in a specific cell density range to avoid cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Whipple's disease (WD) is a rare chronic systemic infection with a wide range of clinical symptoms, routinely diagnosed in biopsies from the small intestine and other tissues by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) diastase staining and immunohistological analysis with specific antibodies. (frontiersin.org)
Days2
In 1885, Wilhelm Roux laid the groundwork for future tissue culture, by developing a saline buffer that was used to maintain living cells (chicken embryos) for a few days. (wikipedia.org)
[6] In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a section of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle of tissue culture. (wikipedia.org)
Results1
[ 2 ] Initial results with his techniques were disappointing because of the high rate of degeneration and vascular failure due to poor preservation methods, immunologic rejection, and inflammatory reactions that produced fibrosis, calcification, and aneurysms. (medscape.com)
Cells13
The cells themselves can either be derived from homogenized tissue or from heterogenous cell solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Suspension cell cultures must be agitated to maintain cells in suspension, and may require specialized equipment (e.g. magnetic stir plate, orbital shakers, incubators) and flasks (e.g. culture flasks, spinner flasks, shaker flasks). (wikipedia.org)
All primary cells (cells derived directly from a subject) must first be removed from a subject, isolated (using digestion enzymes), and suspended in media before being cultured. (wikipedia.org)
White blood cells can be taken from a subject and cultured in suspension, since they naturally exist in suspension in blood. (wikipedia.org)
To start a culture from cryopreserved cells, the cells must first be thawed and added to a flask or bioreactor containing media. (wikipedia.org)
While adherent cell cultures can be maintained in flat flasks with a lot of surface area (to promote cell adhesion), suspension cultures require agitation otherwise the cells will fall to the bottom of a flask, greatly impacting their access to nutrients and oxygen, eventually resulting in cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have been "transformed" into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided. (wikipedia.org)
In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
[12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
Cell lines1
While some cell lines are cultured in suspension, the majority of commercially available mammalian cell lines are adherent. (wikipedia.org)
Methods2
However, even within these similarities there are a few key differences between these culture methods. (wikipedia.org)
Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Great1
Tissue engineering holds great promise for the advancement of cardiovascular surgery as well as other medical fields. (medscape.com)
Plant1
Gottlieb Haberlandt first pointed out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues, plant tissue culture . (wikipedia.org)
Endothelial2
By the use of the supravital technique, we think it is now possible to dis- criminate two distinct types of markedly phagocytic cells in the connective tissues, namely, clasmatocytes, which we shall also designate as wandering endothelial phagocytes, and monocytes. (nih.gov)
Goldmann showed that the areolar tissue under the skin, the intermuscular septa, and the connective- tissue framework of organs contained two major types of cells-pyrrol cells (clas- matocytes or wandering endothelial phagocytes), staining massively, and fibroblasts which took up but little of the dye. (nih.gov)
Cell18
A cell suspension or suspension culture is a type of cell culture in which single cells or small aggregates of cells are allowed to function and multiply in an agitated growth medium, thus forming a suspension. (wikipedia.org)
Suspension culture is one of the two classical types of cell culture, the other being adherent culture. (wikipedia.org)
The history of suspension cell culture closely aligns with the history of cell culture overall, but differs in maintenance methods and commercial applications. (wikipedia.org)
The cells themselves can either be derived from homogenized tissue or from heterogenous cell solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Suspension cell culture is commonly used to culture nonadhesive cell lines like hematopoietic cells, plant cells, and insect cells. (wikipedia.org)
While some cell lines are cultured in suspension, the majority of commercially available mammalian cell lines are adherent. (wikipedia.org)
Suspension cell cultures must be agitated to maintain cells in suspension, and may require specialized equipment (e.g. magnetic stir plate, orbital shakers, incubators) and flasks (e.g. culture flasks, spinner flasks, shaker flasks). (wikipedia.org)
These cultures need to be maintained with nutrient containing media and cultured in a specific cell density range to avoid cell death. (wikipedia.org)
The history of suspension cell culture is closely tied to the overall history of cell and tissue culture. (wikipedia.org)
Ross Granville Harrison in 1907 then developed in vitro cell culture techniques, including modifying the hanging drop technique for nerve cells and introducing aseptic technique to the culture process. (wikipedia.org)
Carrel went on to develop the first known cell line, a line derived from chicken embryo heart which was maintained continuously for 34 years. (wikipedia.org)
Notably in 1952, George Otto Gay and his assistant Mary Kubicek cultured the first human derived immortalized cell line - HeLa. (wikipedia.org)
Immortalized mammalian cell lines (cells that are able to replicate indefinitely), plant cells, and insect cells can be obtained cryopreserved from manufacturers and used to start a suspension culture. (wikipedia.org)
Suspension cell cultures are similar to adherent cultures in a number of ways. (wikipedia.org)
For example, though both adherent and suspension cell cultures can be maintained in standard flasks such as the T-75 tissue culture flask, suspension cultures need to be agitated to avoid settling to the bottom of the flask. (wikipedia.org)
While adherent cell cultures can be maintained in flat flasks with a lot of surface area (to promote cell adhesion), suspension cultures require agitation otherwise the cells will fall to the bottom of a flask, greatly impacting their access to nutrients and oxygen, eventually resulting in cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Although both adherent and suspension cell cultures require media, media used in suspension culture may contain a surfactant to protect cells from shear forces in addition to the amino acids, vitamins and salt solution contained in culture media such as DMEM. (wikipedia.org)
The term monocyte was used by Naegeli to cover the transitional and large mononuclear forms of the blood, in the sense of Ehrlich, and it is chiefly in the hematological literature that monocytes are analyzed, in spite of the fact that it may well prove that, in function, they are more conspicuously a cell of the connective tissues than are the other white blood-cells. (nih.gov)
Blood2
White blood cells can be taken from a subject and cultured in suspension, since they naturally exist in suspension in blood. (wikipedia.org)
These studies of Maximow on the rates of migration of the cells of the blood and connective tissues have been confirmed by Cunningham (1922a) in the case of cells entering the peritoneal cavity in response to the presence of irritants. (nih.gov)