• The first (Type I) pathway leads to borderline tumors, which can develop into low-grade serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas. (hindawi.com)
  • Approximately eighty percent of endometrial carcinomas are endometrioid adenocarcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Majority are well differentiated and mimic proliferative endometrial glands and, as such, are referred to as endometrioid carcinoma. (slideserve.com)
  • Type I tumors include low-grade serous, low-grade endometrioid, clear cell and mucinous carcinomas and type II include high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid and undifferentiated carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was excluded since the spindle cells that are present in this case look different from pleomorphic cells such as "tadpole" and "fiber" cells that are seen particularly in keratinizing type of SCC. (cytojournal.com)
  • There were eight cases (12 samples) of small cell carcinoma, four cases (6 samples) of squamous cell carcinoma and four cases (5 samples) of adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
  • In the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup, the samples with 'atypical, suspicious for carcinoma' diagnoses did not show any keratinization and were interpreted as atypical urothelial cells. (cytojournal.com)
  • None of the samples of small cell carcinoma had a false negative diagnosis on cytology, while only one case of squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed as negative. (cytojournal.com)
  • Condyloma accummatum was the most common benign tumour while squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. (bvsalud.org)
  • The lack of proven screening tools for early detection and the high mortality of ovarian serous carcinoma (OSC), particularly high grade, have focused attention on identifying putative precursor lesions with distinct morphological and molecular characteristics. (hindawi.com)
  • Type II tumors include high-grade serous carcinoma, malignant mixed mesodermal tumors, and undifferentiated carcinomas. (hindawi.com)
  • In grade 1 tumors, less than 5% of the neoplasm has a solid growth pattern. (medscape.com)
  • When cells in some area of the body duplicate without control, the excess of tissue develops called tumor or neoplasm. (solutionpharmacy.in)
  • Other specified malignant neoplasm (Other specified cancer tumour Other codes are obsolete, ie the entities have been in the previous edition). (who.int)
  • mucinous and Brenner malignant tumors potentially develop from the Walthard nests. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (lookformedical.com)
  • Papillary serous, clear-cell, and mixed mesodermal tumors are all considered grade 3 lesions. (medscape.com)
  • The intraepithelial carcinomas have been referred to as serous intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) but our own findings (unpublished data) and recent reports have drawn attention to a spectrum of changes that fall short of STICs that we have designated serous tubal intraepithelial lesions (STILs). (hindawi.com)
  • Ovarian tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions, displaying distinct tumor pathology and oncogenic potentiel. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mediastinal tumors/lesions are frequently encountered in daily cytopathology practice. (allenpress.com)
  • These lesions are accessible through endoscopic/endobronchial ultrasound-guided or computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and represent a wide range of primary and metastatic tumors. (allenpress.com)
  • Tumors metastatic to mediastinal lymph nodes represent the most common mediastinal lesions and must be differentiated from primary lesions. (allenpress.com)
  • To provide an updated review on the fine-needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal tumors/lesions, with an emphasis on diagnostic challenges. (allenpress.com)
  • 1 The most frequent primary tumor types of anterior mediastinal masses are thymic tumors and lymphoma, with approximate proportions of 35% and 25% among mediastinal lesions, respectively. (allenpress.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry was performed in primary and metastatic tumor lesions. (por-journal.com)
  • The study of Histological Type and Precancerous Lesions of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (ehd.org)
  • A cancerous growth is called a malignant tumor or malignancy and noncancerous growth is called benign growth. (solutionpharmacy.in)
  • If an ovary is not distinctly seen on an imaging study but there is a mixed cystic and solid mass in the adnexal region, it is most likely to be a benign lesion. (wdxcyber.com)
  • Approximately 75%-80% of ovarian tumors are benign, occurring in patients under 40 years of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Benign epithelial tumors (adenoma and cystadenoma) are characterized by the absence of cell proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since then, symptoms are related to its location in the about 300 cases have been documented in posterior fossa and may include headache, the literature.1 It is a slow-growing benign nausea, and visual problems.1-3 tumor composed of atypical ganglion cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the same treatment as the one used for treating uterine leiomyosarcomas and undifferentiated endometrial carcinomas was used. (e-roj.org)
  • As a type of malignant mixed Müllerian tumors and related to poorly differentiated endometrial carcinomas, UCS is characterized by biphasic morphology with carcinomatous and sarcomatous differentiation [ 3 , 4 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • A stepwise model of progression from cystadenomas to low-grade carcinomas has been proposed for these neoplasms. (hindawi.com)
  • Ovarian tumors account for a considerable proportion of clinically relevant neoplasms in females, exhibiting a wide range of age at presentation (from infant to elderly patients). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other histologic subtypes include adenosquamous, clear cell, and papillary serous carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Type I tumors are clinically indolent and usually present at a low stage, while type II tumors exhibit papillary, grandular, and solid patterns and are highly aggressive and almost always present in advanced stage (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other examples include Chondrosarcoma (of the cartilage), Leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscles), Rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal muscles), Mesothelial sarcoma or mesothelioma (membranous lining of body cavities), Fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue), Angiosarcoma or hemangioendothelioma (blood vessels), Liposarcoma (adipose or fatty tissue), Glioma or astrocytoma (the neurogenic connective tissue found in the brain), Myxosarcoma (primitive embryonic connective tissue) and Mesenchymous or mixed mesodermal tumor (mixed connective tissue types). (solutionpharmacy.in)
  • Uterine carcinosarcomas, known as malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT) show characteristics of both carcinomas and sarcomas. (e-roj.org)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma, also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT), is a rare and aggressive form of corpus uteri tumor. (cytojournal.com)
  • However, unlike the uterine leiomyosarcomas, the uterine carcinosarcomas exhibit more isolated local recurrences or lymph node metastasis rather than distant failure, which is similar to the failure pattern in uterine carcinomas [ 4 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Several pathological clues were found that support the idea that uterine carcinosarcomas can be categorized as a type of metaplastic carcinoma, since they are monoclonal in origin [ 5 , 6 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (carcinosarcomas) are included in the type II category because their epithelial components are identical to the pure type II carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OSC) also known as mixed mesodermal tumor or mixed mullerian tumor, is a rare, aggressive, ovarian tumor that accounts for less than 2% of ovarian cancers. (scholarena.co)
  • The finding of occult invasive and intraepithelial fallopian tube carcinomas in prophylactically removed specimens from asymptomatic high-risk BRCA 1/2-mutation carriers supports the notion of an origin for OSC in the fallopian tube. (hindawi.com)
  • Importantly, UCS is the prototype tumor for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a reversible biological process that associates with tumor progression and metastasis and in which epithelial cells transform into more invasive mesenchymal cells by losing their epithelial properties [ 10 - 12 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • invasive micropapil- in up to 35 % of cases.3 This syndrome lary carcinoma of the right breast, with right is a rare multisystem disease character- mastectomy seven years ago, and endome- ized by multiple hamartomas in various trial cancer, with a hysterectomy five years tissues, particularly in the skin and mucous ago. (bvsalud.org)
  • Molecular imaging also gives a one of a kind possibility to image the tumor microenvironment, that's demanding by a lot more invasive suggests. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer tumors respond (as measured by pathologic complete response: the absence of microscopic evidence of invasive tumor cells in the breast) to combined chemotherapy of AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab or lapatinib or both given before surgery to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Based on such findings, in 2009, the revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system classified uterine carcinosarcoma separately from sarcoma and put it under the category of carcinoma [ 7 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Also, the current treatment guideline recommends treating uterine carcinosarcoma according to the guideline of high grade carcinoma [ 8 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma tends to show poor prognosis compared to the high grade carcinoma, because it is diagnosed at the advanced stage and is also aggressive in nature [ 9 , 10 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OSC), also known as mixed mesodermal tumor or mixed müllerian tumor, is a rare ovarian tumor, known to be highly aggressive representing less than 2% of ovarian cancers, it is characterized by the association of a carcinomatous component and a sarcomatous component. (scholarena.co)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a highly aggressive tumor that accounts for less than 5% of uterine malignancies [ 1 , 2 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • It is estimated that 60% of sporadic ovarian carcinomas and the majority of those diagnosed in BRCA1 mutation carriers are of the high-grade serous type [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our better understanding of the molecular basis of ovarian carcinomas represents the first step in the development of targeted therapies in the near future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, 80%-90% of ovarian carcinomas are detected after the age of 40, and 40% of these tumors are detected after the age of 65. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ovarian carcinomas are characterized by a Müllerian morphology although the ovaries do not originate from the Müllerian ducts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, it has been postulated that the possible mechanisms by which repetitive ovulation could influence the development of ovarian carcinomas include an increased formation of inclusion cysts, repeated bathing of the surface epithelium by an estrogen-rich follicular fluid, excessive production of growth factors or cytokines, and an aberration of the repetitive repair process that follows the trauma to the surface epithelium as a consequence of ovulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whereas immunohistochemistry of the metastatic tumor showed a predominantly sarcomatous vimentin positive tumor that has lost E-cadherin expression, PF338 cells demonstrated biphasic growth and carried mutations in KRAS , PIK3CA , PTEN and ARID1A . (por-journal.com)
  • They are characterized by a high frequency of mutations in TP53 , a tumor suppressor gene, and a high proliferative index. (hindawi.com)
  • In this regard, ARID1A , a commonly mutated chromatin remodeling gene in UCS, as well as the tumor suppressor FBXW7 have been associated with EMT [ 16 , 17 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • Using this system, it was possible to identify tumor suppressor p27 as a repressor of Sox2 during differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • The members of the retinoblastoma family of pocket proteins, pRb, p107 and p130, are negative regulators of the cell cycle with tumor suppressor activity and with roles in differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Carcinomas, malignancies of epithelial tissue, account for 80 to 90 % of all cancer cases since epithelial tissues are most abundantly found in the body from being present in the skin to the covering and lining of organs and internal passageways, such as the gastrointestinal tract. (solutionpharmacy.in)
  • Approximately 95% of these malignancies are carcinomas of the endometrium . (medscape.com)
  • Rare type of cancerous (malignant) tumor made up of both epithelial cells (cells that make up the inner lining of hollow organs and glands in the body) and stromal cells (cells that make up the connective tissues that surround and support various organs in the body) [1]. (scholarena.co)
  • a painless, slowly growing, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion characterized histologically by cords of polyhedral epithelial cells, deposits of amyloid , and spherical calcifications. (en-academic.com)
  • The remaining sarcomas are made up of heterologous tumors-tumors that contain histologic components foreign to the uterus, such as rhabdomyosarcomas , osteosarcomas , and chondrosarcomas . (medscape.com)
  • GP Sutton, JA Blessing, N Rosenshein, G Photopulos, PJ DiSaia (1989) Phase II trial for ifosfamide and mesna in mixed mesodermal tumors in the uterus. (scholarena.co)
  • A malignant mixed Müllerian tumor most often develops in the uterus (uterus), ovaries, or fallopian tubes (the conduit through which eggs are delivered from the ovary to the uterus) [2]. (scholarena.co)
  • This morphology can be attributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that often associates with tumor invasion and metastasis. (por-journal.com)
  • Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
  • According to the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and tumor morphology, primary ovarian tumors are subdivided into three categories: epithelial (60%), germ cell (30%), and sex-cord stromal tumors (8%)[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report herein the newly described molecular abnormalities in epithelial ovarian cancers (carcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
  • They represent 30% of all epithelial tumors and 80%-85% of all ovarian cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. (lookformedical.com)
  • Carcinoma of the endometrium is uncommon in women younger than 40 years of age. (slideserve.com)
  • Over the past three decades, surgical tumor debulking, followed by platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Bicher, C Levenback, E G Silva, T W Burke, M Morris, et al (1995) Ovarian malignant mixed müllerian tumors treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. (scholarena.co)
  • However, others believe it is unlikely that CICs are precursors and have instead proposed that ovarian epithelial tumors develop from müllerian-type epithelium lining paraovarian and paratubal cysts (the so-called secondary müllerian system) [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In terms of origin of ovarian cancer, many of researchers and gynecologic oncologists have traditionally understood that the various different ovarian tumors are all derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (mesothelium) and that subsequent metaplastic changes lead to the development of the different cell types (Table 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ovarian epithelial tumors are subclassified into several categories based on two criteria: 1) the degree of epithelial proliferation and invasion and 2) the histotype of the epithelium composing the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, as explained below, recent morphologic findings and molecular analyses have demonstrated that each morphologic subtype of ovarian carcinoma might be derived from a Müllerian-type epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serous carcinomas are thought to be derived from the fallopian tubes through foci of endosalpingiosis, which are inclusion cysts from the tubal epithelium at the ovarian and peritoneal surface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This step, which is viewed as a metaplastic change, would be necessary to explain the morphologic appearance of ovarian epithelial tumors which have a müllerian-type phenotype. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies have shown that epithelial ovarian cancer is not a single disease but is composed of a diverse group of tumors that can be classified based on distinctive morphologic and molecular genetic features [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type I and type II tumors have remarkably different molecular genetic features as well as morphologic differences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type II tumors which show greater morphologic and molecular homogeneity are genetically unstable and have a very high frequency of TP53 mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These tumors are subdivided into three main categories: epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malignant germ cell and sex-cord stromal tumors comprise approximately 10% of all malignant ovarian tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This definition excludes other tumors that may affect the thymus, such as lymphoma and germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast to the Type I tumors, the Type II tumors are high-grade and highly aggressive, spreading rapidly throughout the pelvis. (hindawi.com)
  • Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder comprises 90% of all bladder carcinomas. (cytojournal.com)
  • Urine cytology is an efficacious diagnostic tool, with a high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinomas. (cytojournal.com)
  • Although the sample size is small, this study highlights the relevance of urine cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of these rare non-urothelial tumors of the bladder. (cytojournal.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and small cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder are rare and account for less than 5, 2, and 0.5% of all bladder carcinomas, respectively. (cytojournal.com)
  • Of the nine samples of small cell carcinoma, categorized as atypical, suspicious for carcinoma, three (33%) were categorized as suspicious for small cell carcinoma, while the others were not further classified, due to limitations of cellular preservation. (cytojournal.com)
  • Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. (lookformedical.com)
  • The report is of a 45-year-old female patient with a history of high blood pressure and multiple surgeries for cancer, including thyroid cancer, parotid carcinoma, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • The depth of tumoral invasion and the histopathologic grade of the tumor influence the recommendations for adjuvant postoperative therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Through three clinical cases of colloid carcinoma and a review of the literature, we will try to discuss the main clinical-pathological and evolutionary characteristics of this rare form of breast cancer. (issr-journals.org)
  • As long as there are not excrescences with areas of irregular solid mixed with cystic, this is still unlikely to be a malignant process. (wdxcyber.com)
  • A biopsy was then performed, and the histopathological study revealed a cystic adenoid carcinoma of the Bartholin gland. (issr-journals.org)
  • G J Rustin, AE Nelstrop, P McClean, MF Brady, WP McGuire, et al (1996) Defining response of ovarian carcinoma to initial chemotherapy according to serum CA125. (scholarena.co)
  • RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. (stanford.edu)
  • The intent of vaccination is to induce a combined antibody and T-cell anti-HER-2 immune response, which is intended to target HER-2-expressing tumor cells, and may induce tumor regression or slow progression of disease. (stanford.edu)
  • These are for the most part low-grade tumors that are characterized by a high frequency of mutations of KRAS , BRAF, ERBB2, CTNNB1 (the gene encoding beta catenin), and PIK3CA , low proliferation, and a 5-year survival of approximately 55% [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 80% of cases) and CCNE1 (encoding cyclin E1) amplification but rarely has mutations that characterize most type 1 I tumors such as KRAS, BRAF, ERBB2, PTEN, CTNNB1, and PIK3CA [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Histopathological examination of the tumor mass revealed an admixture of spindle cells and epithelioid cells. (cytojournal.com)
  • PF338 tumor cells were resistant to MEK- and TGF-β signaling-inhibition but sensitive to PIK3CA- and PARP-inhibition and first-line chemotherapeutics. (por-journal.com)
  • Dendritic cells and macrophages found in large quantities at the corticomedullary junction arise from mesodermal tissues (bone marrow). (medscape.com)
  • To test the efficacy of pretreatment with sTGF BR, we administered sTGF BR or IgG2a two days before inocula tion of 1 106 AB12, AB 1, L1C2, or TC one tumor cells into the flank of each animal. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • Initially, we injected one 106 AB12 tumor cells into the appropriate flank of animals. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are cultured under serum-free conditions and induced into mesodermal progenitor cells via stimulation of Wnt signaling for 24 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mesodermal progenitor cells are further differentiated into ECs by utilizing a combination of human vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt monohydrate (8Bro) and melatonin (Mel) for 48 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
  • NO and Ets 1 contribute to an aggressive basal like phenotype NOS2 expression is linked using a basal like pheno kind in ER breast tumors and NO signaling success in enhanced expression of basal like signature genes in ER human breast cancer cell lines. (checkpointinhibitor.com)