Carboniferous vertebrates. Medical search. Frequent questions

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 4 , 330-343. (palass.org)
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 , 1, e1425212. (fossiilid.info)

The period is sometimes called the Age of Amphibians, during which amphibians became dominant land vertebrates and diversified into many forms including lizard-like, snake-like, and crocodile-like. (wikipedia.org)
The rear half of the hall is dedicated to vertebrates, namely to fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. (naturkundemuseum-bw.de)
The Carboniferous Period is also known as the Age of Amphibians. (reptilelink.com)
amphibian Amphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. (theinfolist.com)
Among living vertebrates, there is broad consensus that living tetrapods consist of amphibians and amniotes. (peercommunityin.org)
The discovery of this trackway which evolutionists have dated back to the Carboniferous period makes amphibians more out to be contemporaries of the more advanced animals that evolutionists claim to have descended from them rather than their ancestors thus providing another vindication of the Genesis account of creation which states that all land-dwelling animals were created on the sixth day of creation. (worldanon.com)

Agnathans recent and fossil, and the origin of jawed vertebrates. (palass.org)
Agnathans and the origin of jawed vertebrates. (palass.org)

The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. (wikipedia.org)
The Carboniferous period was a time of active mountain-building, as the component land masses of the supercontinent Pangea came together: The southern continents remained tied together in the supercontinent Gondwana, which collided with North America-Europe (Laurussia) along the present line of eastern North America. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Carboniferous rocks in Europe and eastern North America largely comprise repeated stratigraphic sequences known as "cyclothems" in the United States and "coal measures" in Britain. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In North America, the early Carboniferous rocks are largely marine limestone, which accounts for the division of the Carboniferous into two periods in North American schemes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The Permo-Carboniferous Vertebrates From New Mexico & The Permo-Carboniferous Red Beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna. (geology-books.com)
In North America, where the early Carboniferous beds are primarily marine limestones , the Pennsylvanian was in the past treated as a full-fledged geologic period between the Mississippian and the Permian . (detailedpedia.com)
The Pennsylvanian is the Upper Carboniferous epoch in the strata of North America . (wikipedia.org)

The Carboniferous (/ˌkɑːrbəˈnɪfərəs/ KAR-bə-NIF-ər-əs) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 million years ago (mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 mya. (wikipedia.org)
The Carboniferous period lies between the Devonian and the Permian periods. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
So far as known, it is the only Permian vertebrate material that has been found within the limits of the State. (geoscienceworld.org)
The Carboniferous Period is preceded by the Devonian Period and followed by the Permian Period. (reptilelink.com)
The Early Permian was in the grips of an ice age which had begun in the Late Carboniferous. (palaeocast.com)
Permian oceans were similar to those of the carboniferous. (palaeocast.com)
The Dragonfly-like Meganeuropsis was a giant insect that plied the skies from the Late Carboniferous to the Late Permian, some 317 to 247 million years ago. (thefoxposts.com)
They lasted from the Late Carboniferous to the Late Permian, roughly 317 to 247 million years ago. (thefoxposts.com)
Bechly suggested that the lack of aerial vertebrate predators allowed pterygote insects to evolve to maximum sizes during the Carboniferous and Permian periods, perhaps accelerated by an evolutionary "arms race" for an increase in body size between plant-feeding Palaeodictyoptera and Meganisoptera as their predators. (thefoxposts.com)

Some developed to turn into the dominant land vertebrates in the Carboniferous Period about 300 million years ago. (palermobugs.com)

Birds are not only the most species-rich group of terrestrial vertebrates, but also the most diverse, and are found in almost all habitats on Earth. (naturkundemuseum-bw.de)
Synapsids are one of the major groups of terrestrial vertebrates. (palaeocast.com)
Giant invertebrates such as Meganeura and Arthropleura developed, while the terrestrial vertebrates that began their journey landward in the Devonian continued to adapt. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)
Therefore, the amniotes (a group of terrestrial vertebrates emerging in the Carboniferous) developed an egg structure equipped with more membranes and a protective shell, which could keep an embryo safe while on land. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

Descriptions of fossil vertebrates. (wikimedia.org)

The Placodermi, armoured jawed fishes of the Silurian to Devonian periods (430-360 million years old), are an entirely extinct major group of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). (plos.org)
Late Devonian The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. (theinfolist.com)
Vertebrate remains and conodonts in the upper Silurian Hamra and Sundre formations of Gotland, Sweden. (fossiilid.info)

Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian lineages such as temnospondyls, with the first appearance of amniotes, including synapsids (the group to which modern mammals belong) and reptiles during the late Carboniferous. (wikipedia.org)
When tetrapods finally recovered, those survivors were likely the great-great-grandfathers to the vast majority of land vertebrates present today. (sciencedaily.com)
Tetrapodomorpha The Tetrapodomorpha (also known as Choanata) are a clade of vertebrates consisting of tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) and their closest sarcopterygian relatives that are more closely related to living tetrapods than to living lungfish. (theinfolist.com)
One of the greatest evolutionary innovations of the Carboniferous was the amniote egg, which allowed for the further exploitation of the land by certain tetrapods . (detailedpedia.com)
Dating to the earliest subdivision of the Carboniferous period, the Tournasian, the fossil occurs at just the right time: after the first aquatic tetrapods Acanthostega and Ichthyostega and before terrestrial tetrapods such as Casineria . (earthhistory.org.uk)

The larvae are aquatic, living in fresh water and feeding on small vertebrates and aquatic invertebrates, catching them with a "trapdoor" face-mask. (orionsarm.com)
Many animals including vertebrates and invertebrates have the ability to rapidly change colour. (amazingzoology.com)
The vertebrates share one body plan, while invertebrates have many. (theinfolist.com)

However, there is another arrangement of vertebrates which moves one group described here out of the Vertebrata and creates a clade Craniata to contain both this group and the vertebrates. (ericbutlerlab.com)
The vertebrate + hagfish clade then becomes Craniata, named after the cranium found in all members. (ericbutlerlab.com)

The Cyclostomata is a group of jawless fish which is sister to all other vertebrates (which are grouped together in the Gnathostomata). (ericbutlerlab.com)
Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates. (fossiilid.info)

This implies that placoderms may be uniquely informative about the evolution of gnathostome body architecture, the single most dramatic morphological transformation in vertebrate evolution and a key step in our own ancestry. (plos.org)
In particular, the earliest and most primitive placoderms have great potential to illuminate the evolution of jawed vertebrate traits. (plos.org)
The classification of hagfish was once the subject of debate: was the hagfish a type of vertebrate that through evolution had lost its vertebrae, most closely related to lampreys (the earlier view), or did the hagfish represent a stage preceding the evolution of the vertebral column, as is the case with lancelets (the alternative view)? (eol.org)
The egg is such an vital step in [vertebrate] evolution, on account of it allowed amniotes to go extra and extra away from water," Koen Stein , a paleontologist on the Royal Belgian Institute of Pure Sciences, suggested Reside Science. (csscow.com)
More recently (Science Vol 299, No 5610 pg 1235) regularly renewed teeth were found on late placoderms (the arthrodires) suggesting that teeth appeared twice in two widely seperate vertebrates by covergent evolution. (conodont.info)
Evolution of Vertebrate Reproduction. (fossiilid.info)

The oldest tetrapod fossils are footprints of Middle Devonian age, and, in Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) strata, the first fossils of amniotes are known. (palaeo-electronica.org)
These egg-laying land vertebrates probably split from the early amniotes in the Mississippian. (wikipedia.org)

Description of several new genera and species of fossil fishes, from the Carboniferous strata of Ohio. (wikimedia.org)
But between the latest Devonian Period and the subsequent Carboniferous period, placoderms disappeared and ray-finned fishes rapidly replaced lobe-finned fishes as the dominant group, a demographic shift that persists to today. (sciencedaily.com)

Placoderms are considered as the first jawed vertebrates and constitute a paraphyletic group in the stem-gnathostome grade. (plos.org)

Insects underwent a major radiation during the late Carboniferous. (wikipedia.org)
The Late Carboniferous Pangaea was shaped like an "O. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Pennsylvanian period" and "Late Carboniferous" redirect here. (detailedpedia.com)
The Pennsylvanian ( /ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪni.ən/ pen-səl-VAYN-i-ən, also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous ) is, in the ICS geologic timescale , the younger of two subperiods (or upper of two subsystems ) of the Carboniferous Period. (detailedpedia.com)

The original scheme groups hagfish and lampreys together as cyclostomes (or historically, Agnatha ), as the oldest surviving class of vertebrates alongside gnathostomes (the now-ubiquitous jawed vertebrates). (eol.org)

In general, morphological studies have tended to support the hypothesis that hagfish are sister to the vertebrates and molecular studies have tended to support the existence of Cyclostomata (Heimberg et al. (ericbutlerlab.com)

The alternative scheme proposed that jawed vertebrates are more closely related to lampreys than to hagfish (i.e., that vertebrates include lampreys but exclude hagfish), and introduced the category craniata to group vertebrates near hagfish. (eol.org)

These delicate impressions dating from the Lower Carboniferous ( from roughly 340 MYA) record a sophisticated body plan that includes eyes and an assemblage of tooth elements arranged at one end, connected to a few centimeters of worm-like body that bears distinctive chevron-shaped muscle markings -- placing them in the phylum of chordates, and making conodonts candidates for the first vertebrates. (conodont.info)

Modern vertebrate traits -- such as the motif of five-digit limbs that is shared by all mammals, birds, and reptiles in utero -- may have been set by this early common ancestor, the authors propose. (sciencedaily.com)

Given the arrangement in this text not all vertebrates have vertebrae. (ericbutlerlab.com)
The alternate hypothesis proposes that hagfish are the sister group to the other vertebrates, which are labeled as the true vertebrates as hagfish do not actually have vertebrae. (ericbutlerlab.com)

Instead of vertically articulating jaws like Gnathostomata ( vertebrates with jaws), they have a pair of horizontally moving structures with tooth-like projections for pulling off food. (eol.org)

This sister group naming means two things: first, all other vertebrates are more closely related to each other than they are to the cyclostomes (all other vertebrates are monophyletic) and second, the cyclostomes are the organisms most closely related to all other vertebrates. (ericbutlerlab.com)

Descriptions of new species of vertebrates, mainly from the Sub-Carboniferous Limestome and Coal Measures of Illinois. (wikimedia.org)
The mass extinction scrambled the species pool near the time at which the first vertebrates crawled from water towards land, scientists report. (sciencedaily.com)
Those few species that survived the bottleneck were the evolutionary starting point for all vertebrates -- including humans -- that exist today. (sciencedaily.com)
The mass extinction scrambled the species pool near the time at which the first vertebrates crawled from water towards land, University of Chicago scientists report. (sciencedaily.com)
Those few species that survived the bottleneck were the evolutionary starting point for all vertebrates -- including humans -- that exist today, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (sciencedaily.com)
With a larger dataset of vertebrates and analytical techniques borrowed from modern ecology, Sallan and Coates were able to see the abrupt changes in species composition before and after the Hangenberg event. (sciencedaily.com)
The main focus of the exhibition is on vertebrates, a group that comprises "only" 60 000 of the estimated several million species that exist on Earth today. (naturkundemuseum-bw.de)
81% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species vanish. (fincher.org)

Meganeura the largest Flying Insect Ever Existed, Had a Wingspan of Up to 65 Cm, from the Carboniferous period. (thefoxposts.com)

Vast swaths of forest covered the land, which eventually fell and became the coal beds characteristic of the Carboniferous stratigraphy evident today. (wikipedia.org)
The first attempt to build an international timescale for the Carboniferous was during the Eighth International Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology in Moscow in 1975, when all of the modern ICS stages were proposed. (wikipedia.org)
The Carboniferous is divided into two subsystems, the lower Mississippian and upper Pennsylvanian, which are sometimes treated as separate geological periods in North American stratigraphy. (wikipedia.org)

The term "Carboniferous" had first been used as an adjective by Irish geologist Richard Kirwan in 1799, and later used in a heading entitled "Coal-measures or Carboniferous Strata" by John Farey Sr. in 1811, becoming an informal term referring to coal-bearing sequences in Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe. (wikipedia.org)

It reset vertebrate diversity in every single environment, both freshwater and marine, and created a completely different world. (sciencedaily.com)
But an analysis of the vertebrate fossil record by Sallan and Coates, pinpointed a critical shift in their diversity to the Hangenberg extinction event 15 million years later. (sciencedaily.com)

The analysis benefitted from recent advances in filling in the vertebrate fossil record, Coates said. (sciencedaily.com)

In parts of Europe, the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian are one more-or-less continuous sequence of lowland continental deposits and are grouped together as the Carboniferous Period. (detailedpedia.com)
The current internationally used geologic timescale of the ICS gives the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian the rank of subperiods, subdivisions of the Carboniferous Period. (detailedpedia.com)
Fossil specimen of the bryozoan Archimedes wortheni from the Carboniferous (Mississippian) Warsaw Limestone of Hancock County, Illinois (PRI 70774). (earthathome.org)

The origin of vertebrate limbs. (palass.org)

Vertebrate genera such as Proterogyrinus , Amphibamus , and Hyloplesion remained aquatic or semi-aquatic. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

Four units were originally ascribed to the Carboniferous, in ascending order, the Old Red Sandstone, Carboniferous Limestone, Millstone Grit and the Coal Measures. (wikipedia.org)

The characteristic vertebrates of the coal measures were amphibia , and the plants were mostly giant clubmosses such as Lepidodendron . (wikipedia.org)

Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. (wikipedia.org)
A minor marine and terrestrial extinction event, the Carboniferous rainforest collapse, occurred at the end of the period, caused by climate change. (wikipedia.org)
The Carboniferous period is an interval of about 60 million years defined on the geologic time scale as spanning roughly from 359 to 299 million years ago (mya). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the Carboniferous period-the fifth of six periods making up the Paleozoic era within the Phanerozoic eon-the amniote egg (of a reptile ) and also an early ancestor of Conifer trees first appeared. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The name for the period comes from the Latin word for coal, carbo, and Carboniferous means "coal-bearing. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A global drop in sea level at the end of the Devonian period reversed early in the Carboniferous period. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
These divergent rRNA genes could be the result of a whole ribosomal cluster duplication or of an allopolyploid event during a crisis period, since, the fossil are lacking posterioly to the post-Carboniferous period ( c.a ., 300 million years). (scialert.net)
Bardack (1991) describes a fossil hagfish from the Carboniferous period, some 300 million years ago. (ericbutlerlab.com)
They first appear in the Carboniferous period and since that time have gone through many radiation and extinction events. (palaeocast.com)
Although the middle bone of the ear evolved way before mammals could walk on land, the hearing evolved in the Triassic period, about 100 million years after the transition of the vertebrates from a sea to an earthly habitat in Carboniferous. (nykdaily.com)
The Carboniferous is the period of time spanning between 358.9 ± 0.4 million years ago and 298.9 ± 0.15 million years ago. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)
Carboniferous means 'carbon-bearing', a name alluding to the plentiful coal deposits from this period. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)
There has been some controversy as to how insects of the Carboniferous period were able to grow so large. (thefoxposts.com)
The end of the Coal Measures marks the end of the Carboniferous period. (wikipedia.org)

Based on information gathered over almost two centuries it has long been believed that the origin of vertebrates occurred "sometime" during the earliest Paleozoic, "somewhere" in the northern Hemisphere. (medicospace.com)

Better specimens were announced in 2003 which show well-developed eyes, and other sensory structures characteristic of the cratiates, as well as the muscle blocks typical of early vertebrates (Nature 421, pp 526-529). (conodont.info)

Fossils from the later Carboniferous reveal how life differed from that seen in prior periods, however, there is a massive issue with obtaining earlier Carboniferous fossils. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)
Sadly, we might never know what these forms of life may have looked like, but substantial insights have been gained from other Carboniferous fossils. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

Eoherpeton X: an early Carboniferous Scottish anthracosauroid (probably). (palaeos.com)
It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. (reptilelink.com)
The first early vertebrate remains recorded from Scotland were of Carboniferous age and are now referred to the sarcopterygian Rhizodus and Megalichthys. (medicospace.com)
Later, discoveries of additional Scottish and Baltic Devonian localities made these regions (and also European workers) the main source of information on early vertebrates for a long time. (medicospace.com)
However, discoveries of early vertebrates in the Southern Hemisphere, in Australia and in Bolivia, led to a new understanding of the early history of the group. (medicospace.com)
In the Early Carboniferous, global atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were around 1,500 parts per million, astronomical in comparison to modern values. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)
Chondrichthyans from the Devonian-Early Carboniferous of Belarus. (fossiilid.info)

The name Carboniferous means "coal-bearing", from the Latin carbō ("coal") and ferō ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. (wikipedia.org)
The Carboniferous coal beds provided much of the fuel for power generation during the Industrial Revolution and are still of great economic importance, providing the fuel to produce much of the world's electricity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Carboniferous giants and coal -- Lecture 24. (gapines.org)
The coal measures , which give the Carboniferous its name, are the remains of peat formed by dense tropical wetland forests . (wikipedia.org)

A depiction of the Braidwood Biota (originating from the Mazon Creek fossil beds) during the Carboniferous. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates. (palass.org)

These Carboniferous plants were much larger and much more widespread than those in the Devonian , and so photosynthesis soared. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

Dendrerpeton X: a basal temnospondyl from the Carboniferous. (palaeos.com)
In addition, actin phylogeny evidenced that the cytoplasmic chaetognath actin clustered with the cytoplasmic insect actins, while the muscular chaetognath actins are placed basal to all muscular vertebrate actins. (scialert.net)

There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous: Panthalassa, the vast sea surrounding the land mass, and Paleo-Tethys, which was inside the "O" in the Carboniferous Pangaea. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The Carboniferous amniote Dendromaia unamakiensis from Nova Scotia. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

the two form the sister group to jawed vertebrates, and living hagfish remain similar to hagfish from around 300 million years ago. (eol.org)

An approximate timescale of key Carboniferous events. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

A mid-Carboniferous drop in sea-level is considered to have precipitated the observed major marine extinction , which hit crinoids and ammonites especially hard (Stanley 1999). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A mass extinction of fish 360 million years ago hit the reset button on Earth's life, setting the stage for modern vertebrate biodiversity, a new study reports. (sciencedaily.com)

For instance, the first group to split from the lineage that leads to the rest of the vertebrates is the Cyclostomata. (ericbutlerlab.com)

The vertebrate hearing evolved as a change to allow animals to sense the acoustic scene. (nykdaily.com)
Amphibious reproduction is the method thought to have been used by many Devonian vertebrates , and is still used today by animals such as frogs and toads. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

Foliage of the Carboniferous seed fern Neuropteris flexuosa from the Mazon Creek biota, Carboniferous of Illinois. (earthathome.org)

During the Carboniferous, the two continental masses Gondwana and Larussia collided, closing the Rheic Ocean and forming the supercontinent Pangaea, which went on to cover the Earth for the next 150 million years. (darwinsdoor.co.uk)

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