Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)
Eukaryotic2
It belongs to a highly conserved eukaryotic protein family and its orthologues are SNF1 in yeast, and SnRK1 in plants. (wikipedia.org)
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (lookformedical.com)
Functional1
It consists of three proteins (subunits) that together make a functional enzyme, conserved from yeast to humans. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium2
The interaction of CaMKK2 with AMPK only involves the α and β subunits of AMPK (AMPK γ is absent from the CaMKK2 complex), thus rendering regulation of AMPK in this context to changes in calcium levels but not AMP or ADP. (wikipedia.org)
Free Ca 2+ is then rapidly sequestered by the action of calcium pumps and exchangers and also with buffering by cytosolic calcium binding proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Undergoes2
failed verification] As AMP binds both Bateman domains the γ subunit undergoes a conformational change which exposes the catalytic domain found on the α subunit. (wikipedia.org)
5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK or 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, largely to activate glucose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation when cellular energy is low. (wikipedia.org)
Activation2
In response to binding AMP and ADP, the net effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipogenesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. (wikipedia.org)
for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)
Synaptic plasticity2
These results indicate that activity-dependent phosphorylation of the PDZ ligand may be a critical regulator of NMDAR function and synaptic plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
PSA-NCAM plays vital roles in the development of the nervous system and NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in the adult. (auburn.edu)
Residue3
access to that residue by phosphatases is blocked if AMP or ADP can block access for and ATP can displace AMP and ADP. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that casein kinase II (CK2) phosphorylates the serine residue (Ser1480) within the C-terminal PDZ ligand (IESDV) of the NR2B subunit of NMDAR in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
We found that casein kinase II (CK2) directly phosphorylates the -2 serine residue (Ser1480) within the C-terminal T/SXV motif of NR2B. (jneurosci.org)
Interaction3
Regulation of AMPK by CaMKK2 requires a direct interaction of these two proteins via their kinase domains. (wikipedia.org)
The interaction of CaMKK2 with AMPK only involves the α and β subunits of AMPK (AMPK γ is absent from the CaMKK2 complex), thus rendering regulation of AMPK in this context to changes in calcium levels but not AMP or ADP. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that activity-dependent CK2 phosphorylation of the NR2B PDZ ligand regulates the interaction of NMDAR with PSD-95/SAP90 family proteins as well as surface NMDAR expression and may be a critical mechanism for modulating excitatory synaptic function and plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
Complex2
It should not be confused with cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase (protein kinase A). AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex that is formed by α, β, and γ subunits. (wikipedia.org)
The following human genes encode AMPK subunits: α - PRKAA1, PRKAA2 β - PRKAB1, PRKAB2 γ - PRKAG1, PRKAG2, PRKAG3 The crystal structure of mammalian AMPK regulatory core domain (α C terminal, β C terminal, γ) has been solved in complex with AMP, ADP or ATP. (wikipedia.org)
Domains4
Specifically, the γ subunit includes four particular Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domains, giving AMPK its ability to sensitively detect shifts in the AMP/ATP ratio. (wikipedia.org)
The four CBS domains create two binding sites for AMP commonly referred to as Bateman domains. (wikipedia.org)
failed verification] As AMP binds both Bateman domains the γ subunit undergoes a conformational change which exposes the catalytic domain found on the α subunit. (wikipedia.org)
Interactions between NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and the PDZ [postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/Discs large/zona occludens-1] domains of PSD-95/SAP90 (synapse-associated protein with a molecular weight of 90 kDa) family proteins play important roles in the synaptic targeting and signaling of NMDARs. (jneurosci.org)
Family3
It belongs to a highly conserved eukaryotic protein family and its orthologues are SNF1 in yeast, and SnRK1 in plants. (wikipedia.org)
These results suggest that PDZ domain-mediated interactions between NMDARs and PSD-95/SAP90 family proteins are not required for synaptic targeting of NMDARs. (jneurosci.org)
We hypothesized that phosphorylation of the C-terminal T/SXV motif of NR2B may regulate the interactions between NMDARs and PSD-95/SAP90 family proteins. (jneurosci.org)
Cell1
It thus appears that AMPK is a sensor of AMP/ATP or ADP/ATP ratios and thus cell energy level. (wikipedia.org)
Results1
RESULTS: Bupivacaine, in a concentration-dependent manner (10-300 microM), tonically inhibited the peak amplitude of ICa,L. The inhibition was characterized by an increase in the time of recovery from inactivation and a negative-voltage shift of the steady-state inactivation curve. (nih.gov)