• Vaccination of children with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was initiated in Cambodia in 2015. (cdc.gov)
  • In high-income countries, introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has substantially decreased incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We assessed the impact of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) in pregnancy against infant ALRI in this setting. (bvsalud.org)
  • adults aged ≥65 years or 19-64 years with certain underlying medical conditions or risk factors † with no previous or unknown history of receipt of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) should receive 1 dose of either 20-valent or 15-valent PCV (PCV20 or PCV15, respectively). (cdc.gov)
  • Who Needs the Pneumococcal Vaccine? (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine is a vital preventive measure that can protect individuals from these potentially life-threatening diseases. (total-health-care.com)
  • In this article, we will explore who needs the pneumococcal vaccine and why it is crucial for certain populations. (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine plays a critical role in protecting individuals, particularly those who are more susceptible to pneumococcal diseases. (total-health-care.com)
  • By receiving the pneumococcal vaccine, these vulnerable populations can significantly reduce their risk of developing pneumonia. (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent pneumonia by providing immunity against the most common strains of pneumococcus. (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine is especially important for infants and young children, as they are more susceptible to severe forms of pneumonia. (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine can provide them with an added layer of protection against pneumococcal infections and potentially life-threatening complications. (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine helps protect individuals from pneumococcal meningitis by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the bacterium. (total-health-care.com)
  • By ensuring that infants receive the recommended doses of the pneumococcal vaccine, parents can significantly reduce the risk of their child developing this life-threatening infection. (total-health-care.com)
  • The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent bloodstream infections by strengthening the immune system's ability to recognize and fight off the pneumococcus bacterium. (total-health-care.com)
  • By receiving the pneumococcal vaccine, these individuals can protect themselves from the potential complications of bloodstream infections and improve their overall health outcomes. (total-health-care.com)
  • Who Should Receive the Pneumococcal Vaccine? (total-health-care.com)
  • Before the availability of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, 3-5% of children aged 3-36 months who had a fever higher than 39°C and no source of infection were bacteremic. (medscape.com)
  • Of note, all patients who reported a chest infection had received the influenza vaccine and two thirds had received Pneumovax. (bmj.com)
  • The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) has been recommended to risk-groups and adults aged ≥65 years since 1996. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the childhood immunization program in July 2006, and was replaced by the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) in 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) reduces both invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and other pneumococcal infections worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serotype 19A was the major serotype for all vaccine types in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and severity of acute inflammatory response was reduced in vaccinated patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS: In a prospective observational study, consecutive patients with CPA, allergic aspergillosis and bronchiectasis attending a national referral centre received pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) and had pre- and post-vaccination antibody concentrations quantified as part of routine clinical care. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Response to vaccination has not been studied in chronic lung conditions characterised by ongoing infection or inflammation like chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).METHODS: In a prospective observational study, consecutive patients with CPA, allergic aspergillosis and bronchiectasis attending a national referral centre received pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) and had pre- and post-vaccination antibody concentrations quantified as part of routine clinical care. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Objective To describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, serotype distribution and outcomes of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in the UK. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Children with SCD remain at increased risk of IPD despite national newborn screening, early penicillin prophylaxis and high pneumococcal vaccine uptake. (bmj.com)
  • WHO's recommendations for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine production and control were first established in 2003. (who.int)
  • The effect of chronic cytomegalovirus infection on pneumococcal vaccine responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • METHODS: We evaluated the effect of age and CMV status on pneumococcal vaccine responses in 348 individuals aged 50-70 years. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: These data imply that CMV infection is not directly responsible for the decline in pneumococcal vaccine responses seen with age but suggest that CMV-seropositive individuals differ in their natural exposure to pneumococci or have altered mucosal immune responses after colonization with this organism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To explore barriers and facilitators to COVID-19, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccine uptake in immunosuppressed adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). (scienceopen.com)
  • Pili were recently recognized in Streptococcus pneumoniae and implicated in the virulence of this bacterium, which led to the proposal of using these antigens in a future pneumococcal vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends a single dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for all people 65 years and older [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 13-va- lent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to the Moroccan National Immunization Programme in 2010. (who.int)
  • 36% were covered by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 54% each by PCV-10 and PCV-13, and 72% by the e 23 valent vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is the only currently available preventive measure. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Vaccination with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) induces antibody production against the external polysaccharide capsule of the pneumococcus [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has led to reductions in IPD incidence, cases of IPD caused by serotypes not included in PCV are increasing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We herein report a rare case of a previously healthy boy with secondary HLH complicating IPD of serotype 23A, which is not included in the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Children previously vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine or participants in previous studies with the VCN7-T vaccine candidate. (who.int)
  • BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage is a prerequisite for clinical infections and is used to make public health decisions on vaccine licensure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pneumococcal carriage data among high-risk Thai adults are needed before national vaccine program introduction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion: Vaccine with expanded valence of serotypes is necessary to offer broad preven- tion to IPD. (bvsalud.org)
  • The declining epidemic could be related to improved access to ART in 2004 and introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in 2009. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The primary outcome is vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage at 24 months of age. (bmj.com)
  • Conducted in a country without routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) use, allowing inclusion of an unvaccinated control group and measurement of the reduction in carriage afforded by the reduced-dose schedules. (bmj.com)
  • Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a substantial cause of death among children ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to welding fumes and lower airway infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal disease is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus. (total-health-care.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae , or pneumococcus, is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium that is the major cause of bacteremia and upper respiratory infections (eg, otitis media and sinusitis) in children and a common cause of serious invasive infections. (medscape.com)
  • Childhood community-acquired pneumonia is most often attributed to Streptococcus pneumoniae , and the greatest incidence of invasive pneumococcal infection (IPD) is observed in children younger than age 2 [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At our center, 11 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection while in hospital. (medscimonit.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen responsible for community acquired pneumonia, as well as meningitis, sepsis and milder infections like otitis media [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in very young and elderly subjects. (who.int)
  • Streptococcus pneumonia, Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilous influenzae ) and antibiotic therapy when needed are considered beneficial in diminishing the frequency and gravity of the infections accompanying the syndrome. (hippokratia.gr)
  • ALRI is caused by a number of infective agents, have also shown a reduction in invasive pneumococcal with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most frequently diseases after introduction of PCV ( 7 , 8 ). (who.int)
  • Bacterial counts from nasal lavage culture after pretreatment with 10 or 1 μg of RC-527 or vehicle and infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in BALB/c mice at postinoculation days 2, 5, and 14 (n = 6 per time point). (jamanetwork.com)
  • Numbers of total CD11b + (A), GR1 + (B), CD4 + (C), and CD8 + (D) cells from sinus tissue of mice after pretreatment with 10 or 1 μg of RC-527 or vehicle and infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in BALB/c mice at postinoculation days 2, 5, and 14. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Bacterial counts from nasal lavage culture after infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in wild-type C3H/HeOuJ and TLR4 complex-deficient C3H/HeJ mice at postinoculation days 2 and 21. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Numbers of total CD11b + (A), GR1 + (B), CD4 + (C), and CD8 + (D) cells after infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in wild-type C3H/HeOuJ and TLR4 complex-deficient C3H/HeJ mice at postinoculation days 2 and 21. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, and is one of the most important human pathogens causing severe invasive infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) such as meningitis and bacteremia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is an infection confirmed by the isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile site, while non-invasive pneumococcal disease includes sinusitis, mastoiditis, acute otitis media, and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae ) OR ( S. pneumoniae ) OR pneumococcal OR pneumococcus) AND (polymorphisms OR polymorphism OR (genetic variant) OR (genetic variants) OR (genetic association study) OR (single nucleotide polymorphism) OR (single nucleotide polymorphisms) OR SNP OR SNPs OR genotype OR genotypes) without language restrictions and with search date cut offs between Jan 1, 1983 and Jul 4, 2018. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection of the central nervous system, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in 70 % of cases [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circulating Pneumolysin, another common PAMP produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae , induced cardiomyocyte injury through triggering profound calcium influx during pneumococcal infection ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Impact of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in pregnancy against infant acute lower respiratory infections in the Northern Territory of Australia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Crowding, substance abuse, chronic health conditions, and lack of consistent health care and access to routine vaccination services place persons experiencing homelessness at increased risk for pneumococcal disease ( 1 , 2 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pneumococcal meningitis and its devastating consequences. (total-health-care.com)
  • Vaccination is particularly important for infants, as they are at a higher risk of developing pneumococcal meningitis. (total-health-care.com)
  • By reducing the risk of pneumococcal bacteremia, vaccination can significantly lower the chances of developing sepsis and its life-threatening consequences. (total-health-care.com)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides recommendations regarding pneumococcal vaccination for different age groups and high-risk individuals. (total-health-care.com)
  • The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation, ECCO, published guidelines in 2009 recommending every patient with IBD be considered for varicella, human papilloma virus, influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccination. (bmj.com)
  • Systematic childhood pneumococcal vaccination reduced the prevalence of community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia, especially in 2-5 year group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Universal vaccination with PCV7 also resulted in a 77% reduction in pneumococcal disease in children aged 1-5 and a 39% reduction in hospitalization of children age under age 2 [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: Pneumococcal infection causes significant morbidity in patients with underlying lung disease, and vaccination has been associated with reduced disease rates. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Response to vaccination has not been studied in chronic lung conditions characterised by ongoing infection or inflammation like chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). (manchester.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic and allergic aspergillosis exhibited a poor response to PPV-23 vaccination compared to healthy adults. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • RESULTS: We found participant age to be associated with serotype-specific and functional antibody titers after pneumococcal vaccination, with a mean 6.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.9%-9.5%) reduction in postvaccination functional antibody titers per year. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CMV status was not associated with serotype-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations or functional antibody titers after pneumococcal vaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our aim was to evaluate the immunogenicity of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in patients with IBD receiving different treatment. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • We searched four databases for studies evaluating seroprotection and seroconversion rates after influenza or pneumococcal vaccination in IBD. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le vaccin contre Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) a été inclus dans le programme de vaccination du Yémen en 2005. (who.int)
  • Key facilitators to all vaccines were higher perceived infection risk and belief that vaccination is beneficial. (scienceopen.com)
  • Key barriers of influenza/pneumococcal vaccines were unaware of eligibility, no direct invitation or recommendation from HCP, low perceived infection risk, and no perceived benefit from vaccination. (scienceopen.com)
  • National and state surveys show large disparities in pneumococcal vaccination status among Whites, Blacks and Latinos aged ≥ 65. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any difference in the validity of self-report for pneumococcal vaccination by race/ethnicity that might contribute to the substantial disparities observed in population-level coverage estimates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results of this study suggest that differential self-report error, i.e., summative effect of over-reporting and under-reporting within a race-ethnic group, may contribute to the size and direction of race-ethnic disparities in pneumococcal vaccination observed in surveys. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Healthy People 2010 Objectives call for ≥ 90% of adults aged ≥ 65 to have had a pneumococcal vaccination [ 3 ], and pneumococcal vaccination of adults in this age group has been made a performance measure for the 2004 Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) sponsored by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • National surveys have found that while pneumococcal vaccination coverage has significantly increased over the years, vaccination rates of Black and Hispanic/Latino seniors are 17 to 30 percentage points lower than for Whites [ 4 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Estimates of pneumococcal vaccination coverage are based on self-reported information from state (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion Children were mostly symptomatic during third wave of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination seems to have a protective effect. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections and an impaired response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination are diagnosed with a specific antibody deficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is unknown whether these patients are unable to produce an adequate anti-polysaccharide antibody response to pneumococcal vaccination after recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination 3 months after recovery, she responded adequately to most other pneumococcal serotypes, but still had no response to the infecting serotype 9V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, after 9 years (and prior to pneumococcal-conjugate vaccination) normal antibody levels against 9V were found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These antibody levels further increased after pneumococcal-conjugate vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An impaired response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination can be a risk factor for recurrent respiratory tract infections [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vaccination with 23vPPV is part of the immunological screening in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After recovery, an assessment of the humoral immune status was made, including analysis of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fedson DS Clinical practice and public policy for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination of the elderly. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Not Available, US Department of Health and Human Services.Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination levels among adults aged greater than or equal to 65 years-United States. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Second moment: hospital surveillance, for the entire pediatric population in the Cienfuegos province, of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD), pneumococcal pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) from the year after the vaccination campaign ended. (who.int)
  • The present data contribute to pneumococcal vaccination public health policies for vulnerable patients, mainly those with comorbidity and the elderly. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, older age is not an eligibility factor for pneumococcal vaccination in France. (ehesp.fr)
  • Adults with certain co-morbidities or immunocompromised states are eligible for vaccination, which leaves adults aged ≥65 years without comorbidities at-risk for pneumococcal infections. (ehesp.fr)
  • The objective of the study was to evaluate the acceptability to healthcare professionals (HCPs) of extending pneumococcal vaccination to all individuals ≥65 years. (ehesp.fr)
  • Based on themes identified in semi-structured interviews with 24 HCPs, a representative sample of 500 general practitioners and pharmacists were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs with respect to pneumococcal vaccination for individuals ≥65 years. (ehesp.fr)
  • Current recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination are poorly understood by participants (mean score: 5.8/10). (ehesp.fr)
  • The strategy could be facilitated by associating pneumococcal vaccination with the influenza vaccination campaign (8.3/10). (ehesp.fr)
  • Pharmacists were favourable to participating in pneumococcal vaccination (8.5/10). (ehesp.fr)
  • In conclusion, extension of pneumococcal vaccination to all people aged ≥65 years would be welcomed by HCPs, simplifying identification of patients to be vaccinated and potentially improving vaccination coverage. (ehesp.fr)
  • We investigated the impact of stepwise implementation of childhood PCV programs on the prevalence of pneumococcal pneumonia, severity of acute inflammation, and associations between breakthrough pneumonia and pneumococcal serotypes in Taiwan. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serotype-specific pneumococcal IgG antibodies were quantified for 12 serotypes using a multiplex microsphere assay. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In particular, the recommendations provide guidance on the design of immunogenicity studies that should be performed in order to support the licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (including those containing conjugated capsular polysaccharides of serotypes additional to or different from those in already licensed vaccines). (who.int)
  • However, CMV seropositivity was associated with higher levels of prevaccination functional antibody for 4 of 7 pneumococcal serotypes assessed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to see the clinical profile of invasive pneumococcal disease, antibiotics sensitivity pattern and prevalent serotypes in children admitted at Patan Hospital. (ox.ac.uk)
  • So far, more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes, classified into 46 groups, have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumococcal carriage and serotypes were investigated using both conventional and molecular methods. (bvsalud.org)
  • The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, in which each of the selected bacterial capsular polysaccharides is coupled to a protein carrier molecule, has been a major advance in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease. (who.int)
  • Since 2006, WHO has recommended that all countries incorporate pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in routine immunization schedules for children aged less than two years with priority being given to their introduction in countries with high child mortality rates and/or high rates of HIV infection. (who.int)
  • Key facilitators of influenza/pneumococcal vaccines were awareness of eligibility, direct invitation, and, clear recommendation from trusted HCP. (scienceopen.com)
  • Introduction Reduced-dose schedules offer a more efficient and affordable way to use pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). (bmj.com)
  • Ask how many doses of pneumococcal conjugate (PCV-7) and Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) vaccines have been administered. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] -and thus may be at risk for the infections covered by these vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusion.Negative attitudes towards vaccines are a major public health concern. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reduction of Bloodstream Infections: Pneumococcal bacteremia, an infection of the bloodstream, can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. (total-health-care.com)
  • By getting vaccinated, individuals can lower their chances of developing pneumococcal bacteremia and the associated complications. (total-health-care.com)
  • Pneumococcal bacteremia occurs when the pneumococcus bacterium enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body. (total-health-care.com)
  • Individuals at higher risk of developing pneumococcal bacteremia include those with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or chronic liver disease. (total-health-care.com)
  • Pneumococcal bacteremia was termed "pneumococcal fever" during the 1970s and 1980s, when S pneumoniae was recovered in approximately 5% of blood cultures from young febrile children with mild upper respiratory tract changes (see the table below). (medscape.com)
  • Severe infections, predominantly meningitis, occur in fewer than 6% of pneumococcal occult bacteremia cases-a figure that is much lower than the 50% reported with meningococcal bacteremia and the 20% reported with H influenza . (medscape.com)
  • Because of the extremely low yield, blood cultures are no longer routinely warranted in children aged 3-36 months who have no obvious source of infection, and empiric treatment of occult bacteremia is no longer appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with focal infection and pneumococcal bacteremia, treatment of the focal infection and monitoring for improvement are standard. (medscape.com)
  • For outpatients with proven pneumococcal bacteremia, reevaluation of their clinical status and identification of any new focus of infection is essential. (medscape.com)
  • Occult pneumococcal bacteremia is most common in children aged 3-36 months, an age at which children no longer have maternal IgG but have not yet developed their own protective antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: Out of 42 cases of invasive pneumococcal diseases studied admitted diagnoses included pneumonia, febrile seizure, bacteremia or septicemia, meningitis, acute gastroenteritis and glomerulonephritis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 10 , 52 Pneumococcal bacteremia, which is more easily proven than pneumococcal pneumonia, occurs in up to one-quarter of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Population-based studies have shown that the elderly sustain the highest pneumococcal bacteremia rates of any population group-50 per 100,000 persons over the age of 65, 36 , 37 which is more than three times greater than the rates for younger persons. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 26 , 32 Although pneumococcal pneumonia does not result in permanent lung damage, complications from bacteremia and meningitis are common and can damage other organ systems. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Death rates from pneumococcal bacteremia range from 20 to 80 percent, increasing with age and complications. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Risk of pneumococcal bacteremia in Kenyan children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. (ox.ac.uk)
  • METHODS:We performed a genetic case-control study of pneumococcal bacteremia in Kenyan children stratified across a period of falling malaria transmission between 1998 and 2010. (ox.ac.uk)
  • RESULTS:Four hundred twenty-nine Kenyan children with pneumococcal bacteremia and 2677 control children were included in the study. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We estimate that the population attributable fraction of G6PD deficiency on risk of pneumococcal bacteremia in areas under high malaria transmission is 0.129. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS:Our data demonstrate that G6PD deficiency increases risk of pneumococcal bacteremia in a manner dependent on malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study suggests that E-cigarette vapour has the potential to increase susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • Jacobs MRFelmingham DAppelbaum PCGruneberg RNAlexander Project Group, The Alexander Project 1998-2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. (jamanetwork.com)
  • T here appears to be a direct relationship between increasing age and susceptibility to infections, although the documentation is weak for many specific infectious diseases. (nationalacademies.org)
  • We provide a systemic overview of genetic variants associated with susceptibility, phenotype and outcome of community acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identified five studies with a hypothesis free approach of which one resulted in one genome wide significant association in a gene coding for lincRNA with pneumococcal disease susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the past 20 years several genetic association studies investigated host genetics in relation to susceptibility and outcome of pneumococcal disease, sometimes showing conflicting results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, failure of pneumococcal carriage to generate immune memory, together with altered neutrophil responses to \(S.\) \(pneumoniae\) and high frequencies of inflammatory Th subsets in older adults who succumb to infection, could contribute to their increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. (bham.ac.uk)
  • In recent years serologic methods have been applied to assess pneumococcal etiology of pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of circulating immune complexes in the diagnosis of pneumococcal lower respiratory infection in children. (nih.gov)
  • Pneumococcal immune complexes (IC) containing antibodies to species-specific C-polysaccharide, to mixtures of type-specific capsular polysaccharides or to a protein antigen, pneumolysin, were studied in the sera of 449 children with lower respiratory tract infection. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that the measurement of circulating ICs is more sensitive than other serologic methods for the diagnosis of pneumococcal lower respiratory infection. (nih.gov)
  • Indigenous children in Australia 's Northern Territory are densely colonised with the pneumococcus within weeks of birth antecedent to a high prevalence of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). (bvsalud.org)
  • Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that can lead to severe complications, such as respiratory failure and even death. (total-health-care.com)
  • The epidemiology and estimated etiology of pathogens detected from the upper respiratory tract of adults with severe acute respiratory infections in multiple countries, 2014-2015. (cdc.gov)
  • INTRODUCTION: Etiology studies of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in adults are limited. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Use of multi-pathogen diagnostics and modeling enabled attribution of etiology in most adult SARI patients, despite frequent detection of multiple pathogens in the upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Since invasive pneumococcal strains adhere to, and translocate across, respiratory tract epithelial cells, adhesion is a prerequisite for establishing pneumococcal disease [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Septicaemia (n=7) and lower respiratory tract infection (n=4) were the main clinical presentations, and serogroup 15 (not present in PCV13) was responsible for 73% (8/11) of cases. (bmj.com)
  • We used joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the trend in incidence of acute lower respiratory infection during the study period. (who.int)
  • Our results suggest a probable influence of the PCV on the trend in incidence of acute lower respiratory infection in Morocco. (who.int)
  • It causes a wide range of diseases, from to control acute respiratory infections in children. (who.int)
  • Common signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • In more severe cases, the infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Allergies can cause inflammation in the upper respiratory system, which can lead to ear infections. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • A particulate matter: How environmental irritants and particulate matter increase sensitivity to bacterial respiratory tract infections. (lu.se)
  • Serotype and antimicrobial drug susceptibilities were also determined for all invasive pneumococcal isolates cultured from patients during January 1, 2013-December 1, 2014. (cdc.gov)
  • Serotype distribution of 667 pneumococcal isolates cultured from nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from 974 outpatients 1 month-15 years of age, at Angkor Hospital for Children, Cambodia, Siem Reap, January and August. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal isolates from patients with IPD were serotyped at CDC by Quellung reaction § and whole genome sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • Seven of 10 pneumococcal isolates with serotyping results were serotype 4. (cdc.gov)
  • The pilus islet is present in a minority of pneumococcal isolates recovered from human invasive infections and is therefore not an essential virulence factor in these infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS: We whole-genome sequenced 12 254 pneumococcal isolates from 29 countries on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • RESULTS: We identified tet(S/M) in 131 pneumococcal isolates and none carried other known tet genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Persons experiencing homelessness are often at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)* due to underlying health conditions or risk factors (risk conditions) ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Mike Miller] Well, you talk about invasive pneumococcal disease in your investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • What is `invasive pneumococcal disease' and what makes it so dangerous? (cdc.gov)
  • George Nelson] Invasive pneumococcal disease is when pneumococcus gets into a part of the body that's normally completely free of bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • We found more than three times the number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease than we would have expected during the month that the pandemic peaked in Denver, suggesting a link. (cdc.gov)
  • Seventeen percent of those with invasive pneumococcal disease had evidence of pandemic H1N1 infection and up to 62 percent of cases of pneumococcal pneumonia may have been associated with pandemic H1N1, based on their presenting symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and sepsis are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide with about 2 million deaths each year [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumococcal disease is the primary cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in 0.7 to 1.0 million deaths each year in children younger than age 5 years [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data suggest Iga, ZmpB and ZmpC as candidate surface proteins responsible for pneumococcal infection and potentially involved in distinct stages of pneumococcal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 65 years since 2003 to prevent pneumococcal disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk for infection. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • Serogroup 6 is one of the most common causes of invasive pneumococcal disease in unvaccinated populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pneumococcal disease has long been recognized as an important risk factor for the elderly. (nationalacademies.org)
  • This report describes notification data for measles, pertussis, rubella, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b invasive infection, invasive meningococcal disease, mumps, tetanus, invasive pneumococcal disease and selected travel-related diseases in New South Wales, Australia in 2013. (who.int)
  • Invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease has a high mortality risk, especially in the elderly patient with comorbidities [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies have identified several host genetics factors influencing risk of pneumococcal disease, but many result in non-reproducible findings due to methodological limitations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we systematically review these studies, perform a meta-analysis and discuss the potential of these findings for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of pneumococcal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vaccinations can help to prevent illnesses that can lead to ear infections, such as the flu and pneumococcal disease. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • Davidson MParkinson AJBulkow LRFitzgerald MAPeters HVParks DJ The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Alaska, 1986-1990: ethnic differences and opportunities for prevention. (jamanetwork.com)
  • The effect of G6PD deficiency on risk of pneumococcal disease is undefined. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We hypothesized that G6PD deficiency increases pneumococcal disease risk and that this effect is dependent upon malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At the population level, the impact of G6PD deficiency on invasive pneumococcal disease risk in malaria-endemic regions is substantial. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pneumococcal carriage were also investigated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Strongyloidiasis is a disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis and remains a neglected tropical infection despite significant public health concerns. (bvsalud.org)
  • Undiagnosed infections result in hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated disease when patients become immunocompromised. (bvsalud.org)
  • Protection Against Meningitis: Pneumococcal meningitis is a severe infection that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. (total-health-care.com)
  • Pneumococcal meningitis is a specific type of meningitis caused by the pneumococcus bacterium. (total-health-care.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal infection is one of the leading causes of pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia in developing countries. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common and severe form of bacterial meningitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we have performed a prospective nationwide genetic association study using the Human Exome BeadChip and identified gene variants in encoding dynactin 4 ( DCTN4 ), retinoic acid early transcript 1E ( RAET1E ), and V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 ( AKT3 ) to be associated with unfavourable outcome in patients with pneumococcal meningitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No clinical replication cohort is available, so we validated the role of one of these targets, AKT3 , in a pneumococcal meningitis mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, our results show that AKT3 influences outcome of pneumococcal meningitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whole-genome association studies, using an unbiased approach, may identify new candidate genes and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to an unfavourable outcome in pneumococcal meningitis [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we report our genome wide association study on the host side, analysing the associations between human genome variants and functional outcome in patients with pneumococcal meningitis using the Human Exome BeadChip. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We subsequently validated the role of one of the top hits, AKT3 , in a pneumococcal meningitis mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In view of the importance of these a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality burden infections, Morocco set up a national programme in 1993 worldwide ( 1 ). (who.int)
  • Further reductions in morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal diseases require that preventive measures be used. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Our study highlights the infection-associated morbidity and mortality conferred by G6PD deficiency in malaria-endemic settings and adds to our understanding of the potential indirect health benefits of improved malaria control. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To determine whether HIV exposure without infection is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity in children admitted to PICU with pneumonia. (who.int)
  • In A549 and BEAS-2B cells MS-WF increased pneumococcal adhesion and infection and PAFR protein expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Nicotine-containing and nicotine-free E-cigarette vapour increased pneumococcal adhesion to airway cells in vitro . (ersjournals.com)
  • Epidemiological studies suggest that inhalation of toxins increases the risk of airway bacterial infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • Otitis media is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • The pneumococcus is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infection and death in African children. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Toll-like receptors are transmembrane glycoproteins, which recognize many PAMPs with extracellular domains and aggravate the exaggerated inflammatory response to bacterial infection through activating nuclear factor (NF)-κB ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • [ 13 ] On the other hand, one study found that the subjective history of fever in such infants may not correlate with subsequent fever, whereas those with an elevated rectal temperature measured at home had relatively high rates of serious bacterial infection. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical profile of invasive pneumococcal diseases in Patan Hospital, Nepal. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The effect of age on neutrophil and monocyte responses to \(S.\) \(pneumoniae\) and on CD4+ T cell polarisation during health, pneumococcal carriage and clinical pneumonia infection were determined. (bham.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The decline in stroke mortality is real and represents a major public health and clinical medicine success story. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical guidelines have been studied, reported, and scrutinized in major journals for the past 2 decades, yet definitive conclusions are sometimes still elusive and the application to each individual case in the ED is sometimes even more frustrating for the clinician. (medscape.com)
  • The costs of pneumococcal diseases are great because the elderly require hospitalization and the illnesses often cause complications. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Although antibiotics are considered to be effective in the treatment of pneumococcal diseases, deaths and complications often occur despite the prompt use of effective antibiotics. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Secondary HLH can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Background: Chronic conditions increase the risk of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). (bvsalud.org)
  • The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage, as determined by the molecular method, was 30.8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 26.1-35.8), while after excluding non-typeable pneumococci from the oropharyngeal sample, the carriage prevalence was 20.8 % (95 % CI: 16.79-25.31). (bvsalud.org)
  • The age group under 65 years was associated with a higher pneumococcal carriage rate than the age group 85 and older (odds ratio (OR): 5.01, 95 % CI: 1.75-14.36). (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in Thais was high. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Vietnam Pneumococcal Trial II (VPT-II) will evaluate reduced-dose schedules of PCV10 and PCV13 utilising an unvaccinated control group. (bmj.com)
  • Severe infections accompanying functional hyposplenism can lead to the overwhelming post infection syndrome, which can often be fatal. (hippokratia.gr)
  • However, if the infection is severe or causing significant discomfort, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • Chronic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been proposed as a contributor to poorer responses in older adults. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The authors believe that this case is the first description of a temporary deficient response to the infecting pneumococcal serotype in adults, while other reports with similar observations all involved children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure to cigarette smoke can increase the risk of ear infections in both children and adults. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • Since that recurrent infection, one additional case was reported, during the week of August 23, 2023. (cdc.gov)
  • Since oxidative stress in airway cells increases platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) expression, and PAFR is co-opted by pneumococci to adhere to host cells, we hypothesised that E-cigarette vapour increases pneumococcal adhesion to airway cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • A total of 88 studies (n = 67,794) on patients with a COVID-19 infection published between 1 January 2020 and 20 October 2022 were included in this meta-analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • It works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the bacterium, reducing the risk of infection and its associated complications. (total-health-care.com)
  • auris traits that render this latest yeast singular challenging.C. auris infections have already been reported from more than 30 countries and are associated with high mortality rates. (medworm.com)
  • The diagnosis of N. caninum infection was confirmed, suggesting its association with perinatal mortality in captive axis deer. (cetp-signal.com)
  • Survival analysis was used to determine the association between HIV infection/exposure with mortality, and linear regression was used to examine the association with length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. (who.int)
  • HIV infection was associated with prolonged length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay but not increased mortality. (who.int)
  • AbstractNowadays, fungal infections affect millions of people across the world.Candida auris, a new emergent yeast, is a worrisome pathogen because it associates with a high rate of incidence and prevalence, including in the nosocomial environment. (medworm.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tet(S/M) in pneumococci was low and its dissemination was due to an unrecognized outbreak of CC230 in South Africa. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To analyse the importance in virulence of three of these metalloproteinases, intranasal challenge of MF1 outbred mice was carried out using a range of infecting doses of wild type and knock-out pneumococcal mutant strains, in order to compare mice survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This includes, among others, an increased incidence of infections caused by encapsulated microorganisms. (hippokratia.gr)
  • CDC's own pandemic flu planning included many strategies for reducing not only the impact of pandemic flu virus itself, but also complications like pneumococcal pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
  • It is characterised mostly by defective immune responses against infectious agents, especially encapsulated organisms, since the spleen is thought to play an important role in the production and maturation of B-memory lymphocytes and other substances like opsonins, both of which are considered crucial elements of the immune system for fighting infections. (hippokratia.gr)
  • 18 , 47 , 55 Factors that may contribute to the predisposition of the elderly to infections include impaired immune function, 47 , 55 anatomic and functional changes, 8 and degree of exposure to infections. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Breastfeeding can help to boost a child's immune system and reduce their risk of developing ear infections. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • Otitis media, also known as a middle ear infection, occurs when the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected, causing pain and discomfort. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • The symptoms of otitis media can vary depending on the severity of the infection. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • The treatment for otitis media will depend on the severity of the infection. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • Interestingly, in our small cohort, influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations did not seem to protect against self reported chest infections. (bmj.com)
  • Background: Welders are at increased risk of pneumococcal pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
  • Certain infections are important risk factors for the elderly because the illnesses they cause reduced quality of life during the infection and are at times fatal. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The environment of an elderly individual can also influence his or her exposure to infections, with long-term care facilities 28 and hospitals 47 bringing greater risk than living at home. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Prolonged use of a pacifier can increase the risk of ear infections in young children. (hygeiahmo.com)
  • By following simple preventive measures, such as thoroughly drying your ears, using earplugs, and avoiding the use of foreign objects in the ear, you can greatly reduce your risk of developing this painful infection. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Elderly people are at high risk for pneumococcal infections. (ehesp.fr)
  • We determined the effect of vapour on oxidative stress-induced, PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion to airway epithelial cells in vitro , and on pneumococcal colonisation in the mouse nasopharynx. (ersjournals.com)
  • Nicotine-containing E-cigarette vapour increased mouse nasal PAFR expression, and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonisation. (ersjournals.com)
  • Pneumococcal colonisation of the nasopharynx is an immunising event. (bham.ac.uk)
  • MS-WF increased mouse lung PAFR mRNA expression and increased BALF and lung pneumococcal CFU values. (cdc.gov)
  • This study highlights the importance of monitoring bacterial coinfection in patients with viral lung infection due to SARS-CoV-2. (medscimonit.com)
  • Of the 97 patients, 64% had been on an immunosuppressing medication in the previous 6 months, 29% of which reported having had an infection in the preceding 12 months. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusion A significant number of patients diagnosed with IBD will require immunosuppressing medications at some point during their care. (bmj.com)
  • In adult patients with pneumococcal pneumonia an impaired antibody response to the infecting pneumococcal serotype can sometimes be found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Those patients with an impaired response to pneumococcal polysaccharides are diagnosed with a specific antibody deficiency [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: We sought to assess the effect of mild steel welding fumes (MS-WF) on PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion and infection to human airway cells in vitro and on pneumococcal airway infection in a mouse model. (cdc.gov)
  • Pneumococcal adhesion and infection of A549, BEAS-2B, and primary human bronchial airway cells were assessed by means of quantitative bacterial culture and expressed as colony-forming units (CFU). (cdc.gov)
  • Both CV-3988 and N-acetylcysteine reduced MS-WF-stimulated pneumococcal adhesion and infection of airway cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: Hypersusceptibility of welders to pneumococcal pneumonia is in part mediated by the capacity of welding fumes to increase PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion and infection of lower airway cells. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, we found that cigarette smoke extract, fossil fuel-derived particulate matter and welding fumes, by means of the induction of oxidative stress, upregulate PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion to lower airway cells in vitro [ 8 - 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)