Conclusions discrimination hiv seropositivity. Medical search. Frequent questions

The majority of research on HIV/AIDS and mental health has been carried out among clinical populations: the time of onset of comorbid depression and the mechanisms for this are therefore unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Although there is evidence to suggest that asymptomatic people living with HIV/AIDS exhibit some cognitive deficits, the prevalence of poor cognitive functioning among people in low income settings at an early, pre-clinical stage has not yet been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
We used a cross-sectional survey design to test the hypotheses that symptoms of Common Mental Disorder (CMD) and low scores on cognitive tests would be associated with seropositivity among participants coming for testing for HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
If replicated, this may have implications for the way in which we measure and treat CMD and cognitive functioning among people living with HIV/AIDS. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the ways to control HIV/AIDS in India is through prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT), the success of which lies in the utilization of services. (ijstd.org)
A comprehensive PPTCT initiative that emphasizes treatment for HIV-positive women and their children was launched in 2004 by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) using funds from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. (ijstd.org)
4] Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society (TANSACS) was established in 1993 to control and prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. (ijstd.org)
A descriptive analysis was conducted using routine programmatic data that were collected during a 9-month implementation period (June 2018 to March 2019) for peer-assisted HIVST among FSWs, MSM, and transgender people in 6 provinces where the US Agency for International Development-and US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief-funded LINKAGES (Linkage across the Continuum of HIV Services for KP Affected by HIV) Burundi project was being implemented. (jmir.org)
According to the 2009 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Program on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS), 2.6 million individuals are newly infected by HIV every year, 33 million patients live with HIV (PLHIV), and there are 1.8 million cases of AIDSmortality annually worldwide. (openaidsjournal.com)
The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
Literature about HIV/AIDS and stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa was systematically searched in Pubmed, Medscape, and Psycinfo up to March 31, 2009. (hindawi.com)
The material was analyzed using Gilmore and Somerville's (1994) four processes of stigmatizing responses: the definition of the problem HIV/AIDS, identification of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), linking HIV/AIDS to immorality and other negative characteristics, and finally behavioural consequences of stigma (distancing, isolation, discrimination in care). (hindawi.com)
It was found that the cultural construction of HIV/AIDS, based on beliefs about contamination, sexuality, and religion, plays a crucial role and contributes to the strength of distancing reactions and discrimination in society. (hindawi.com)
More qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS stigma including stigma in health care institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa are recommended. (hindawi.com)
Although the current data show that the global HIV/AIDS epidemic is stabilizing, statistics still report an unacceptably high level of infection and progress is uneven in many countries [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) face not only medical problems but also social problems associated with the disease. (hindawi.com)
One of the barriers to reaching those who are at risk or infected with HIV/AIDS is stigma [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Although the reaction to PLWHA varies, with some PLWHA receiving support which positively affects them, HIV/AIDS stigma negatively affects seeking HIV testing, seeking care after diagnosis, quality of care given to HIV patients, and finally the negative perception and treatment of PLWHA by their communities and families, including partners [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this literature review is to elucidate what is known about HIV/AIDS stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa, the origins and contents of stigma, contributing factors and the gender dimension of stigma. (hindawi.com)
another search with "HIV/AIDS'', "discrimination'' and "Africa'' gave an additional 192 abstracts (Medline 73, PsycInfo 15, and Pubmed 104). (hindawi.com)
Objective: to identify the social representations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) among HIV-positive adults. (bvsalud.org)
Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e da Aids. (bvsalud.org)
Social representations on HIV AIDS descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizada de 2017 a 2018, na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, aplicados 129 questionários de evocações livres com adultos vivendo com HIV e 30 entrevistas semiestruturadas. (bvsalud.org)
According to 2020 data from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), an estimated 18.3% of PWID were living with HIV in Kenya compared to 4.2% (3.7-4.9%) among the general adult population aged 15 to 49 years [ 1 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The presented study analyzes the possibility of a relationship between the migratory flow from Haiti toward the Dominican Republic and the spread of HIV/AIDS, as well as implications for the human rights of immigrants living with the infection. (bvsalud.org)
Its purpose is to identify possible areas of intervention and research in order to increase the participation of this population and its organizations in HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention efforts. (bvsalud.org)
and, 3) eight case studies of Haitian immigrants living with HIV/AIDS in agricultural bateyes in the Dominican Republic. (bvsalud.org)
Results evidence the stigmatizing scenarios that immigrants living with HIV/AIDS face. (bvsalud.org)
This investigation was part of a multicentric study on the human rights of people living with HIV/AIDS, carried out simultaneously in Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela by the focal points of the Latin American and Caribbean Council of AIDS Services Organizations (LACCASO) in those countries for the Joint United Nations Program for HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (bvsalud.org)
This project should be seen as the exploratory stage of a broader study that must be made of this long standing and complex problem between two nations, a problem that must be redefined in light of recent events relating to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. (bvsalud.org)
It is difficult to identify a more charged issue in AIDS prevention than that of nondisclosure of positive HIV status to sexual partners. (aphapublications.org)
Programs targeting MSM should include screening and treatment for injection drug use to most effectively control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among MSM in HCMC. (cdc.gov)
The Vietnam Ministry of Health has utilized RDS since 2006 to sample MSM, and other hard-to-reach populations, as part of its national strategy on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control. (cdc.gov)
The HIV epidemic in HCMC, as in the rest of Vietnam, is concentrated in key populations such as PWID, FSWs, and MSM, resulting in significant investments in HIV-related services by the Government of Vietnam and donors such as The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). (cdc.gov)
The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) acknowledges the substantial financial contribution of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) to the preparation of the 2002 International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects . (unibuc.ro)
The World Health Organization in Geneva contributed generously also through the departments of Reproductive Health and Research, Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy, Vaccines and Biologicals, and HIV/AIDS/Sexually Transmitted Infections, as well as the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. (unibuc.ro)

METHODS: A multicenter observational study was performed by distributing an anonymous self-administered questionnaire to patients of six public healthcare facilities specialized in the treatment of individuals with HIV infection. (unicatt.it)
1% prevalence of HIV infection in ante-natal women but above 5% prevalence in high-risk group. (ijstd.org)
Tamil Nadu comes under group I high-prevalence state, as the prevalence of HIV infection in ante-natal mothers is below 1% but above 5% in high-risk group (HRG). (ijstd.org)
In this study, we investigate within-racial group patterns of HIV/STI infection between Black MSM and Black men who only have sex with women (MSW). (biomedcentral.com)
Logistic regression models were constructed to assess whether or not history of STIs were associated with current HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Men with a history of syphilis (OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 2.68,15.71), genital warts (OR = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.79,10.43) or genital ulcers (OR = 21.3, 95% CI: 1.89,239.51) had an increased odds of HIV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The associations between STIs and current HIV infection highlight the need for integrated of HIV/STI screening and treatment programs for Black men. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the past several decades, effective ways to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as improved medical management for people living with HIV (PLHIV), have become widely available in high-income countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Vietnam has been conducting HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) integrated bio-behavioral surveillance surveys on men who have sex with men (MSM) as well as other key populations since 2005. (cdc.gov)
HIV seroprevalence among MSM was 5.8% in 2006, 16.1% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2013 and prevalence of at least one STI (syphilis, gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection) was 11.4% in 2006 and 15.6% in 2009 (no data for 2013). (cdc.gov)
95% CI 1.30-2.00) were all positively associated with HIV infection. (bvsalud.org)
Needle/syringe sharing behaviour is an important determinant of HIV infection. (bvsalud.org)

CONCLUSIONS: There exist episodes of discrimination on the part of some dentists, and a relatively high proportion of HIV-positive persons do not disclose their seropositivity to the dentist. (unicatt.it)
We estimated the proportion of HIV-positive adults who have any sexual contact without disclosure and the proportion of their sexual partnerships that involve unprotected sex without disclosure. (aphapublications.org)

In Burundi, given the low testing numbers among key populations (KPs), peer-assisted HIV self-testing (HIVST) was initiated for female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender people to provide another testing option. (jmir.org)
Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors that were independently associated with HIV seropositivity among FSWs and MSM who used HIVST kits. (jmir.org)

Stigma prevents the delivery of effective social and medical care (including taking antiretroviral therapy) and also enhances the number of HIV infections. (hindawi.com)

Our findings provide tentative evidence to suggest that low cognitive test scores (and possibly depressive symptoms) may be associated with HIV status among people who have yet to receive their HIV test results. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusions Our findings inform the utility of family history data as a risk assessment and screening tool for the prevention of ODHBs and to provide additional insights into shared risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion Our findings suggest that delays at home, in transport and in accessing tertiary care are risk factors for mortality from febrile illness in northern Tanzania. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggested that there is a high prevalence of HIV among PWID with 1 in 5 PWID reported to have HIV. (bvsalud.org)

The desire to procreate in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) has been seldom investigated in Africa, particularly in Gabon. (openaidsjournal.com)
Since 1981, the majority of the HIV-infected population lives in countries with limited resources in Africa. (openaidsjournal.com)
Currently, there is an increasing number of research on HIV-related stigma in Sub-Saharan Africa. (hindawi.com)
HIV entered the human population from monkeys in Africa. (bvsalud.org)
These two papers outline the underlying principle of HIV and the differing epidemiologies in Africa, the USA and in Edinburgh. (bvsalud.org)
The underlying immunosuppression of HIV in Africa was initially hidden behind common infections and HIV first came to world awareness in focal areas of the USA as a disease seemingly limited to gay males. (bvsalud.org)

This study aims to improve access to HIV testing for underserved KPs, improve diagnoses of HIV serostatus among key populations, and link those who were confirmed HIV positive to life-saving treatment for epidemic control. (jmir.org)
Kenya's Ministry of Health has identified key populations that the HIV epidemic disproportionately impacts, including people who inject drugs (PWID), sex workers, and men who have sex with men (MSM). (biomedcentral.com)
Nevertheless, numerous countries gather data from MSM to monitor HIV epidemic trends, assess the impact of interventions, and inform appropriate investment and resource allocation for prevention, care, and treatment programs. (cdc.gov)
The epidemic of intravenous drug abuse in Edinburgh was associated with overlapping epidemics of bloodborne viruses like hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. (bvsalud.org)

2 Public health researchers, responding to data reporting sexual contact without disclosure by HIV-positive persons, have called for interventions to promote increased sexual responsibility and to increase rates of consistent safer sex among HIV-positive persons. (aphapublications.org)
To reduce HIV among PWID in Mizoram, interventions should target those sharing needles/syringes, females, especially those over 35 years of age and unmarried participants. (bvsalud.org)

Previous studies show that not disclosing positive HIV serostatus to at least some sexual partners is common, 5- 7 that HIV-positive persons are more likely to disclose their status to steady partners than to nonsteady partners, 8- 10 and that unprotected sex without disclosure occurs within both types of partnerships. (aphapublications.org)

Dentists should be provided with training for promoting both ethically acceptable practices and suitable clinical management of HIV-positive persons. (unicatt.it)
HIV status data was extracted from clinical records. (biomedcentral.com)
Standard testing included HIV testing by clinical staff either at mobile clinics in the community or in facilities. (jmir.org)
EFdA prevents the emergence of resistant HIV mutants, is over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2', 3'-dideoxynucleoside drugs, very low toxic, very long acting, and very useful for prophylaxis. (infectiousconferences.com)
CONCLUSIONS: The decline in stroke mortality is real and represents a major public health and clinical medicine success story. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion Both 4C risk stratification models demonstrate consistent performance to predict clinical deterioration and mortality in a large prospective second wave validation cohort of UK patients. (ox.ac.uk)
We evaluated discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the models in a held-out temporal external validation cohort. (tropmedres.ac)
The 3 models containing NLR, suPAR, or IL-6 demonstrated promising discrimination (c-statistics: 0.72-0.74) and calibration (calibration slopes: 1.01-1.05) in the validation cohort and provided greater utility than a model containing the clinical parameters alone. (tropmedres.ac)
Conclusions We present 3 clinical prediction models that could help clinicians identify patients with moderate COVID-19 suitable for community-based management. (tropmedres.ac)

Many still had misperceptions in terms of knowledge and transmission risk of viral hepatitis, suggestive of social stigma or discrimination towards infected individuals. (hkmj.org)

2] Majority of the HIV infections among children are the result of parent-to-child transmission, and this can be prevented through an effective package of prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT) services integrated with the existing reproductive and child health services. (ijstd.org)
3] Based on the estimated HIV infections among adult females and assumptions on the effect of HIV on fertility and mother-to-child transmission rates, it is estimated that around 38,000 HIV-positive pregnant women needed PPTCT services in 2011. (ijstd.org)
however, little is known regarding the prevalence of HIV/STI co-infections among Black men in Toronto. (biomedcentral.com)
the overall prevalence of HIV among MSM is expected to increase as is the proportion of all new infections in Vietnam that are attributed to MSM. (cdc.gov)

These first observations in Gabon highlight the importance of the desire to have children in PLHIV and sero-discordant couples, and they show the level of interest in developing assistance methods for procreation and family planning programs to help this population, as well as to reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission. (openaidsjournal.com)
These biological factors are believed to impact the two key determinants of HIV transmission risk: the HIV viral load in the PLHIV's blood and genital secretions, and the number and density of HIV-susceptible cells in the sex partner (generally within their penile, vaginal, or anal mucosa) who is a person not living with HIV (non-PLHIV) [ 13 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Risky sex without disclosure of serostatus is not uncommon among people with HIV. (aphapublications.org)

voluntary informed consent was sought for participation in research interviews and data linkage with HIV test results. (biomedcentral.com)
Results Some women had a fair understanding of exclusive breastfeeding and its role in preventing the transmission of HIV from the mother to the child. (bvsalud.org)
Significant, but small, increasing trends were found for MSM who reported ever testing and receiving results for HIV and for HIV prevalence. (cdc.gov)
Keywords: STIs, Treatment [IS-02] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis Macit Ilkit Macit Ilkit Background: Materials-Methods: Results: Conclusion: Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is the second most common cause of vaginitis (17-39%) after bacterial vaginosis (22-50%), in terms of vaginal complaints in the primary care setting. (paperzz.com)
Results: Advances in TV diagnosis have led to a greater appreciation of the burden of trichomoniasis in the general population and the biological and epidemiological interactions between TV and HIV. (paperzz.com)
RESULTS: 21.19% of the participants tested positive for HIV and the prevalence of HIV among male and female participants were 19.5% and 38.6%, respectively. (bvsalud.org)

In Canada, disproportionately high HIV and STI burdens exist among several subpopulations, including African, Caribbean, and Black (Black) communities, men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDUs), and indigenous peoples [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

HIV among PWID was significantly higher among those over 35 years of age, females and divorced/separated/widowed participants. (bvsalud.org)

Although a small percentage of MSM reported injecting drugs, HIV was positively associated with ever injecting drugs. (cdc.gov)

METHODS: ALEXANDROS was a community-based program and participation included interviewing, rapid HIV/HCV tests, counselling and linkage to care. (bvsalud.org)

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess risk factors for HIV seroconversion. (bvsalud.org)

Conclusions: Standardized methodologies, such as our PPTR approach, could facilitate unbiased efficacy outcome determinations, improve discrimination between outcomes that are related and unrelated to regimen efficacy, and enhance the ability to conduct pooled analyses of contemporary trials. (cdc.gov)
A holistic approach that combines violence prevention and response, comprehensive harm reduction, healthcare access, and community support is crucial to address the complex issue of drug use and HIV burden among PWID in Kenya for improved health outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)

African, Caribbean, and Black (Black) men account for 16.5% of new HIV diagnoses among men in Ontario. (biomedcentral.com)

However, Ontario's Black population (3.9% of the total population) comprises approximately 22.5% of people living with HIV in the province. (biomedcentral.com)

One proven and effective sampling method used to conduct HIV prevalence and behavioral surveillance in many hard-to-reach populations, including MSM, is respondent-driven sampling (RDS). (cdc.gov)

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore the status of utilization of PPTCT services by rural HIV-positive mothers, in the Gingee Block of Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu. (ijstd.org)

In Kenya, violence is common among people who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV and their sexual and injecting partners and may lead to decreased uptake of HIV services, increased HIV risk behaviors, and increased HIV transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Data on HIV prevalence and sexual and drug use behaviors were collected from MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in 2006 (n = 397), 2009 (n = 399) and 2013 (n = 350) using respondent-driven sampling. (cdc.gov)
Sampling men who have sex with men (MSM) for surveys of HIV prevalence and related behaviors in Vietnam, as in most parts of the world, is challenging due to the level of stigma and discrimination towards this population. (cdc.gov)

In 2007, approximately 33 million people worldwide were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
It isolates people from the community and affects the overall quality of life of HIV patients [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chi-Square tests were used to compare the prevalence of (1) HIV and current STIs between MSM and MSW and (2) current STIs between people living with HIV and people not living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2011, 208 people per 100,000 (0.2%) were infected with HIV in Canada [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
AIM: To estimate the prevalence and associated factors with the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Mizoram, Northeast India. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: Multiple HIV outbreaks have been recorded among people who inject drugs (PWID) since 2010. (bvsalud.org)

3,302 sexual and/or injecting partners of PWID living with HIV were recruited through assisted partner services and participated in the study. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the combined effect of these restrictive laws and policies, cultural norms, social stigma, and discrimination can increase the risk of physical and threatened violence among PWID and their partners and creates barriers to engaging in HIV-related health services [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors associated with HIV among PWID after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, injection, and sexual behaviours. (bvsalud.org)
The high prevalence of HIV among PWID population is multifactorial. (bvsalud.org)
During an intervention for PWID in 2019-2021 in Thessaloniki, Greece, an increasing number of HIV cases was documented. (bvsalud.org)
HIV incidence was estimated from data on 380 initially seronegative PWID with at least two tests. (bvsalud.org)

Public health strategies are also needed to reduce disproportionate HIV/STI burden among Black MSM-including improving HPV vaccine coverage. (biomedcentral.com)

We drew participants from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (n = 1421). (aphapublications.org)

The questions concerned personal data potentially correlated with discrimination, the patient-dentist relationship before and after HIV diagnosis, and the reasons for seeking dental care in public facilities. (unicatt.it)
We also evaluated the patients' discomfort in the patient-dentist relationship after HIV diagnosis, performing univariate and multivariate analyses. (unicatt.it)
A total of 630 persons received dental care after HIV diagnosis: 209 (33.2%) did not tell the dentist that they were seropositive. (unicatt.it)

In both applications, Mr Drelon firstly argues that the collection and retention of personal data reflecting his alleged sexual orientation by the EFS infringes his right to respect for private life, guaranteed by Article 8 of the Convention, and constitutes discrimination on the grounds of his sexual orientation under Article 14 (§70). (strasbourgobservers.com)
Emerging data demonstrating the high prevalence of TV in the general population and interactions between TV and HIV suggest that additional research efforts should be directed at determining the possible benefits of enhanced screening for this important pathogen. (paperzz.com)

8 clients per week (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.8) were independently associated with HIV seropositivity. (jmir.org)

129 questionnaires of free evocations with adults living with HIV and 30 semi-structured interviews. (bvsalud.org)

The main outcome measures were discrimination and calibration of models for in-hospital deterioration (defined as any requirement of ventilatory support or critical care, or death) and mortality, incorporating predefined subgroups. (ox.ac.uk)

Conclusion: it was demonstrated the existence of a process of change in the representations, initial y linked to death, but later, a view of normality, probably as a consequence of living with the disease, through the new context that al ows greater survival. (bvsalud.org)

attitudes and practices of HIV positive women who were instructed to stop breastfeeding at 6 months to prevent the transmission of HIV to their children. (bvsalud.org)

The PPTCT program involves counseling and testing of pregnant women, detection of HIV-positive pregnant women, and the administration of prophylactic Nevirapine to these women and their infants, to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. (ijstd.org)

the prevalence of syphilis and high-risk HPV were also increased in men living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
The HIV/STI prevalence was high among this sample of Black men, although the study design may have led to oversampling of men living with HIV. (biomedcentral.com)
HIV sentinel surveillance shows that HIV prevalence is very high in HCMC (up to 17% in 2017) and is increasing among MSM in the last 5years in Vietnam (from 6.7% in 2014 to 11.4% in 2018). (cdc.gov)

Stigma enhances secrecy and denial, which are also catalysts for HIV transmission [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

Both the 4C Mortality (0.78 (0.77 to 0.78)) and 4C Deterioration scores (pooled C-statistic 0.76 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.77)) demonstrated consistent discrimination across all nine National Health Service regions, with similar performance metrics to the original validation cohorts. (ox.ac.uk)

There were 21 HIV-positive mothers during this period, 19 of whom gave consent for the study. (ijstd.org)

Esto abona la hipótesis de que los cambios del rol de integrador social de la educación formal en Argentina inciden en la vulnerabilidad psicosocial de adultos jóvenes, especialmente en varones. (bvsalud.org)

Progress has been made in understanding factors contributing to racial/ethnic disparities in HIV between among men who have sex with men (MSM). (biomedcentral.com)

Article 16 of the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women requires minimum ages for marriage to be specified and says that child marriages are illegal ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Dental care and HIV-infected individuals: are they equally treated? (unicatt.it)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the problems in seeking dental care faced by HIV-positive individuals in Italy. (unicatt.it)
Public discourse on this topic is heavily influenced by a few well-publicized cases in which individuals who knew they were HIV positive reportedly infected a series of unsuspecting partners. (aphapublications.org)

Conclusion: It is worth further research - pharmacology of ancient, folk, native remedies especially in treatment of gonorrhoea and urethritis. (paperzz.com)

The highest prevalence of HIV was found in patients aged 30-39 years old (44.3%), of which 59% (249/422) were unemployed. (openaidsjournal.com)

In 1994, the International Conference on Population and Development stated that the minimum age of marriage should be raised and enforced, all forms of coercion and discrimination should be eliminated, marriage should be entered into with free consent and as equal partners, and the education and employment of girls should be encouraged (Principle 9, Action 4.18, Action 5.5) ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Although HIV prevalence in the Vietnamese general population remains below 1%, it is expected to be much higher among MSM. (cdc.gov)

Biological specimens were collected to screen for HIV and other STIs. (biomedcentral.com)

Organisms8

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Psychiatry and Psychology15

Phenomena and Processes8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care15

Geographicals1

AIDS36

Infection12

Proportion of HIV-positive2

FSWs2

Antiretroviral therapy1

Findings4

Africa6

Epidemic4

Interventions2

Disclose1

Clinical9

Hepatitis1

Infections4

PLHIV2

Serostatus1

RESULTS6

Disproportionately1

Significantly higher1

Positively associated1

Linkage1

Assess1

Outcomes2

Diagnoses1

22.51

Populations1

Qualitative1

Behaviors3

People6

PWID6

Burden among1

Participants1

Diagnosis3

Data2

Odds1

Questionnaires1

Calibration1

Survival1

Practices1

Pregnant1

High3

Transmission1

Mortality1

Study1

Social1

Factors1

Convention1

Individuals3

Treatment1

Found1

Population2

Biological1