Clock proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The high diagnostic potential of peptides and proteins from cells, tissues, and biological fluids is unquestionable. (genengnews.com)

determined that the KaiABC protein complex was responsible for the circadian negative feedback loop in Synechococcus by mapping 19 clock mutants to the genes for these three proteins. (wikipedia.org)
These lines of evidence suggest that the transcriptional-translational feedback loop mediated by the clock genes, and the post-translational modification of their products, are indispensable to the circadian clock machinery. (elifesciences.org)
Genetic analyses of patients with severe spine segmentation defects have implicated several human orthologues of cyclic genes that are associated with the mouse segmentation clock, suggesting that this oscillator might be conserved in humans 3 . (nature.com)
You can't make the proteins without genes, which act as the software directing the protein's production. (bionity.com)
Sixteen years after scientists found the genes that control the circadian clock in all cells, the lab of UNC's Aziz Sancar, MD, PhD, discovered the mechanisms responsible for keeping the clock in sync. (unc.edu)
Researchers at the UNC School of Medicine have discovered how two genes - Period and Cryptochrome - keep the circadian clocks in all human cells in time and in proper rhythm with the 24-hour day, as well as the seasons. (unc.edu)
Discovering how these circadian clock genes interact has been a long-time coming," said Aziz Sancar, MD, PhD, Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics and senior author of the Genes and Development paper. (unc.edu)
In all human cells, there are four genes - Cryptochrome , Period , CLOCK, and BMAL1 - that work in unison to control the cyclical changes in human physiology, such as blood pressure, body temperature, and rest-sleep cycles. (unc.edu)
the genes and proteins need time to adjust. (unc.edu)
These genes bind to many other genes and turn them on to express proteins. (unc.edu)
Specifically, CLOCK and BMAL1 bind to a pair of genes called Period and Cryptochrome and turn them on to express proteins, which - after several modifications - wind up suppressing CLOCK and BMAL1 activity. (unc.edu)
Sancar, a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center who studies DNA repair in addition to the circadian clock, thought the two genes might have complementary roles. (unc.edu)
This led to the eventual degradation of Cryptochrome , and then the CLOCK-BMAL1 genes were free to restart the circadian clock anew to complete the 24-hour cycle. (unc.edu)
Previous association analyses of clock genes revealed a potential role for Bmal1 in alcohol-drinking behaviour. (concordia.ca)
Expanding on this - and given evidence of sex differences in alcohol consumption and in some functions of clock genes - the researchers hypothesized that Bmal1 may affect alcohol intake in a sex-dependent manner. (concordia.ca)
Embedded within the genes of us, and almost all life on earth, are the instructions for a biological clock that marks the passage of around 24 hours. (theconversation.com)
The clock genes produce messages that are translated into proteins. (theconversation.com)
The proteins then interact to form complexes and move from the cytoplasm of the cell into the nucleus and then inhibit their own genes. (theconversation.com)
These inhibitory clock protein complexes are then broken down and the clock genes are then once more free to make more messages and fresh protein - and the cycle continues day after day. (theconversation.com)
Based on the findings of Hall, Rosbash and Young in the fruit fly, very similar clock genes were then discovered in mice , humans and many other animals. (theconversation.com)
We now know that the morning and evening preferences of individuals who describe themselves as either "larks" or "owls" also appear to be related to small changes in some of these clock genes that either speed up or slow down our circadian rhythms. (theconversation.com)
Interestingly," said Dr. Friedman, some of the differentially expressed genes were related to circadian-clock genes, which suggests disruption of the circadian system in association with e-cigarette and Western diet exposure. (medscape.com)
Research has shown that circadian-clock genes play a key role in fatty liver disease, Dr. Friedman noted. (medscape.com)

We have previously reported that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock regulates transcriptional responsiveness of the heart to acute increases in fatty acid availability (e.g., short-term fasting). (nih.gov)
In the new study, researchers focused on mutations in an enzyme called casein kinase 1 (CK1), which regulates a core clock protein called PERIOD (or PER). (legalvenoms.com)
Fig. 4: FGF signalling regulates the dynamic properties of the segmentation clock. (nature.com)
This internal biological clock regulates a host of cellular responses to the environment, ranging from gene expression and cell division in cyanobacteria, to photosynthesis in plants and finally to the sleep/wake cycles in mammals (commonly referred as circadian rhythms). (imsc.res.in)
There are several interlocking levels of synchronization of these clocks, the main one being light, which in particular regulates the central clock located in the cerebral hypothalamus. (sciencedaily.com)
Like a conductor in the orchestra, it regulates peripheral clocks present in organs and cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Findings provide additional insight into how the circadian clock regulates physiological function. (neurosciencenews.com)
A group of researchers has found that at least some of it has to do with a particular protein in the part of the forebrain that regulates, among other things, decision-making and reward perception. (concordia.ca)
Bmal1 is also an integral element in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master circadian clock found in all mammals that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. (concordia.ca)

The RadA/Sms family are probable ATP-dependent proteases involved in both DNA repair and degradation of proteins, peptides, glycopeptides. (wikipedia.org)
PER proteins are part of a complex feedback loop in which changes in their abundance set the timing of circadian rhythms, so mutations that increase the rate of PER degradation throw off the clock. (legalvenoms.com)
A new twist on clock protein phosphorylation: a conformational change leads to protein degradation. (tamu.edu)
But scientists didn't know exactly how that gene suppression and protein degradation happened at the back end. (unc.edu)
This negative feedback loop generates a near 24-hour rhythm of protein production and degradation that drives the internal biological day. (theconversation.com)
Since the beginning of my research career, I have worked with Boolean gene regulatory network models, the HP model of protein folding, stem cell regulation, circadian clocks in plants, plant-pathogen interactions, evolutionary algorithms, degradation of soil organic matter by fungi and methods for processing spectroscopic imaging data. (lu.se)

Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3 -knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3 -overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. (elifesciences.org)
Recently, oscillators in the oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (OV-BNST), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), hippocampus (HIPP) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of male rats have been shown to rhythmically express Period 2 (PER2), clock gene protein, with peak expression in the early evening. (elsevierpure.com)

Functional analysis showed that cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and the cytochrome 450 family of proteins (specifically Cyp4A10 that is associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation leading to hepatocyte injury) were increased in mice exposed to e-cigarette aerosol. (medscape.com)

Analysis of immunophenotypically defined cell populations markedly increased specificity of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Over 375 differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems). (genengnews.com)
Not surprisingly, the major groups of differentially expressed proteins were involved in tumor migration, invasion, and progression. (genengnews.com)

CK1 and other kinase enzymes carry out a reaction called phosphorylation, adding a phosphate to another protein. (legalvenoms.com)
Most PTMs are catalyzed by highly specific protein modifying enzymes, which have some specific recognition motif. (deepdyve.com)

For instance, to optimise the response to variations in day length, the photoperiodic pathway interacts with the circadian clock, which controls numerous physiological processes in plants. (who.int)

Partch notes that it is important to understand how these clock proteins regulate our circadian rhythms because those rhythms affect not only the sleep cycle but almost every aspect of our physiology. (legalvenoms.com)
Nearly all the cells in our body comprise molecular clocks that regulate and synchronize metabolic functions to a 24-hour cycle of day-night changes. (sciencedaily.com)
When the two proteins are connected, they trigger a series of chemical signals within the cell that regulate various cell functions. (medlineplus.gov)
A broad category of proteins that regulate the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM of an organism. (bvsalud.org)

Progressive phosphorylation of circadian clock proteins is a hallmark of time-keeping. (tamu.edu)

1) The circadian oscillators in eukaryotes that have been studied function using a negative feedback loop in which proteins inhibit their own transcription in a cycle that takes approximately 24 hours. (wikipedia.org)

A new Jackson Laboratory-Stanford Medicine research project will develop plasma protein 'clocks' to measure aging in mice and humans. (jax.org)
Wyss-Coray and his collaborators have been refining these plasma-protein clocks, and he has now teamed up with Rosenthal for a bold research project, funded by the Milky Way Research Foundation, to explore the aging process in both humans and genetically diverse laboratory mice. (jax.org)
Fatty acid availability was increased in cardiomyocyte-specific CLOCK mutant (CCM) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice for 9weeks in time-of-day-independent (streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes) and dependent (high fat diet meal feeding) manners. (nih.gov)
A multi-tissue full lifespan epigenetic clock for mice. (sens.org)
Recent studies demonstrate that similar epigenetic clocks for mice (Mus Musculus) can be slowed by gold standard anti-aging interventions such as calorie restriction and growth hormone receptor knock-outs. (sens.org)
While the anti-aging effect of calorie restriction could be detected with all types of epigenetic clocks, only ridge regression based clocks replicated the finding of slow epigenetic aging effects in dwarf mice. (sens.org)
Overall, this study demonstrates that there are trade-offs when it comes to epigenetic clocks in mice. (sens.org)
Male mice without the protein consumed more alcohol than those that had it, while female mice without the protein consumed less than females with it. (concordia.ca)

To confirm that the interactions observed in the test tube matched the behavior of the proteins in living cells, they worked with researchers at the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore. (legalvenoms.com)
Researchers have developed a process that could sharply reduce the work involved in computational protein design, according to a study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (scitechdaily.com)
For years, researchers have focused on building custom proteins that can be useful in the human body. (scitechdaily.com)
Researchers only focus on the blocks that fit together, ignoring those structures that would not form a functioning protein. (scitechdaily.com)
Using a molecule extracted from lemon peel, researchers have succeeded in 'repairing' the disrupted cellular clocks. (sciencedaily.com)
Moreover, using clock modulator molecule dubbed Nobiletin, extracted from lemon peel, the researchers succeeded in "repairing" the disrupted cellular clocks and in partial restoring of the islet cell function. (sciencedaily.com)
In a new study, researchers pinpoint key molecular actions of proteins that allow the creation of mental representations necessary for higher cognition that are genetically altered in schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
In a new study, researchers at Yale University School of Medicine pinpoint key molecular actions of proteins that allow the creation of mental representations necessary for higher cognition that are genetically altered in schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers report the discovery of a crucial part of the biological clock: the wiring that sets its accuracy to within a few minutes out of the 1440 minutes per day. (neurosciencenews.com)
Current methods for producing these DNA sequences are slow or not robust, the researchers said, which has hindered the development of these increasingly important new classes of protein-based polymers . (bionity.com)
Researchers have already demonstrated that when a large protective macromolecule (polymer) is attached to a protein, it greatly improves effectiveness and allows the protein to remain active in the bloodstream longer. (bionity.com)
In fact, during experiments using one compound to stifle Cryptochrome and another drug to hinder Period , other researchers found inconsistent effects on the circadian clock, suggesting that Cryptochrome and Period did not have the same role. (unc.edu)
The consortium arose after both researchers decided to work on a shared goal: to improve and simplify ultraprecise optical atomic clocks . (laserfocusworld.com)

epigenetic regulation of CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY1 and PER1 may contribute to breast cancer in shift workers. (greenmedinfo.com)
Previously, scientists found that CLOCK and BMAL1 work in tandem to kick start the circadian clock. (unc.edu)
He found that Cryptochrome not only suppressed CLOCK and BMAL1, but it squashed them indefinitely. (unc.edu)
As Period's protein accumulated inside cells, the scientists could see that it began to remove the Cryptochrome , as well as CLOCK and BMAL1. (unc.edu)

In molecular biology, the cyanobacterial clock proteins are the main circadian regulator in cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)

While the precise function of these proteins remains unclear, KaiA has been shown to be a positive regulator of the expression of KaiB and KaiC. (ox.ac.uk)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the loss of several synaptic proteins has been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear whether their reduction contributes to clinical symptoms. (jneurosci.org)

In a study published in Nature Cancer , a research team at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) showcased a new potential treatment approach for glioblastoma called a designer peptide, which targets a protein-protein interaction in the glioblastoma cells. (innovations-report.com)
The development of the designer peptide began when Huang and first author Dr. Weifan Dong discovered that two proteins called EAG2 and Kvβ2, both highly present in glioblastoma cells, were interacting where cancerous cells meet with healthy brain tissue. (innovations-report.com)
The designer peptide prevents the protein-protein interaction from occurring, slowing growth and deterring the cancer from spreading into surrounding cells. (innovations-report.com)
There are about 3,000 different proteins in your blood plasma, the fluid that conducts cells through the circulatory system. (jax.org)
Here we show that human PSM cells derived in vitro-as well as those of the mouse 4 -recapitulate the oscillations of the segmentation clock. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Recapitulation of the mouse and human segmentation clocks in vitro by differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards PSM fate. (nature.com)
We had also previously observed that if the clocks of human pancreatic cells were artificially disrupted in the cellular culture in vitro, secretion of the key islet hormones -- insulin and glucagon -- was compromised," says Volodymyr Petrenko, a researcher in Dr. Dibner's lab and the first author of these publications. (sciencedaily.com)
Using combined bioluminescence-fluorescence time-lapse microscopy, a technology that allows tracking the molecular clock activity in living cells very precisely over time, the scientists compared the behaviour of pancreatic cell of type-2 diabetic donors and those of healthy subjects throughout the day. (sciencedaily.com)
Moreover, the defects in temporal coordination of insulin and glucagon secretion observed in patients with type-2 diabetes were comparable to those measured in healthy islet cells with artificially-disrupted circadian clock. (sciencedaily.com)
The wiring uses GABA to connect the individual cells of the biological clock in a fast network which changes strength with the time of day. (neurosciencenews.com)
VIP, a molecule which desynchronizes the cells in the biological clock help also helps the circadian clock adjust more quickly to abrupt shifts in light/dark schedules. (neurosciencenews.com)
Cells in nearly every human tissue and organ contain proteins that govern circadian rhythms. (nih.gov)
This strategy only makes sense if all the corals release their sex cells en masse and sure enough, every individual within a third of a million square kilometres of reef does so during the days after the October full moon. (nationalgeographic.com)
Now we know how the clock is reset in all cells. (unc.edu)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular deposition of Aβ peptides in senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated τ protein in neuronal cells as neurofibrillary tangles. (springer.com)
Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma, myelomatosis, medullary plasmacytoma) is a bone marrow-based, malignant disorder of postgerminal center B-cells that is characterized by a clonal proliferation of plasma cells, with associated serum and/or urine monoclonal proteins. (medscape.com)
Asymptomatic plasma cell myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm defined by the presence of serum monoclonal protein of 3.0 gm/dL or greater (by electrophoresis) and/or clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow of 10% or greater, without evidence of end-organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, lytic lesions of bone). (medscape.com)
Symptomatic plasma cell myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm defined as the presence of end-organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, lytic lesions of bone) in a patient with a monoclonal protein (of any amount) and clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (of any amount) or plasmacytoma. (medscape.com)

Partch's lab performed structural and biochemical analyses of the CK1 and PER proteins that suggested how the switch works. (legalvenoms.com)
The team discovered that a small number of structural patterns frequently recurred in proteins, and that much of the diversity in protein structure comes from how these building blocks are combined. (scitechdaily.com)
This basic discovery led the team to hypothesize that rather than modeling proteins as complex networks of interacting atoms, they can instead represent them much more simply as groupings of a limited set of structural building blocks. (scitechdaily.com)
These are recurring structural arrangements-similar to an archway or column in a building-that can be applied to designing novel proteins without regard to their atomic-level composition. (scitechdaily.com)
According to the research paper, the results "strongly argue that the Protein Data Bank is now sufficiently large to enable proteins to be designed by using only examples of structural motifs from unrelated proteins. (scitechdaily.com)
posttranslational modifications, amino acid variations, computational mutation analysis, protein PTM predictor, network biology Introduction Protein PTMs are biochemical alterations of amino acids that change the physicochemical properties of target proteins, leading to structural changes and therefore regulating protein-protein interactions and cellular signal transduction in developmental and cancer pathways [1]. (deepdyve.com)

The cyanobacterial clock proteins comprise three proteins: KaiA, KaiB and KaiC. (wikipedia.org)
They also tested incubating mutant KaiC protein with KaiA, KaiB, and ATP. (wikipedia.org)
The circadian clock found in Synechococcus elongatus, the most ancient circadian clock, is regulated by the interaction of three proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC. (ox.ac.uk)

The postsynaptic protein Shank3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains) is of particular interest, as the loss of a single allele of the SHANK3 gene is sufficient to cause profound cognitive symptoms in children. (jneurosci.org)
The data from this study suggests that sex hormones modulate the pattern of clock gene expression in the OV-BNST and CEA, and provide some insight into gender differences in mood disorders and disruption of circadian functioning. (elsevierpure.com)
The gene remained present in other parts of the body, since it plays a critical role in the circadian clock. (concordia.ca)
The PROK2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called prokineticin 2. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein interacts with another protein called prokineticin receptor 2 (produced from the PROKR2 gene). (medlineplus.gov)
Most of the PROK2 gene mutations that cause Kallmann syndrome change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in prokineticin 2. (medlineplus.gov)
Exposure to light in SDPs causes the expression of the CONSTANS (CO) gene, and the CO protein causes the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a gene that encourages flowering. (who.int)

Included here are proteins that transmit intracellular and intercellular signals in a chronological manner along with proteins that sense light and time-dependent changes in the environment such as the PHOTOPERIOD. (bvsalud.org)

Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXL17, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. (nih.gov)
Among the barriers to developing synthetic proteins is the overwhelming number of possible amino acid combinations. (scitechdaily.com)
Proteomic analysis and prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein. (deepdyve.com)
To increase the utilization of current computational resources, we 﫿rst provide an overview of computational prediction of amino acid variations that influence protein PTMs and their functional analysis. (deepdyve.com)
Consequently, amino acid variations through changing the type of residues of the target sites or key flanking residues could directly or indirectly influence PTM of protein and bring about a detrimental effect on protein function. (deepdyve.com)
7] analyzed amino acid variations of 15 different PTMs and indicated that about 4.5% of amino acid variations may affect protein function through disruption of PTMs, and the mutation of 238 PTMs sites in human proteins was causative of disease. (deepdyve.com)
In this regard, comprehensive studies of the impact of amino acid variation on protein PTMs will be helpful for further understanding of how genetic polymorphisms are involved in regulating biological and pathological processes and providing instructive information for drug development of various related diseases. (deepdyve.com)
However, it often requires extensive laboratory work and considerable expense to make thousands of variant proteins and select amino acid variations that influence PTM sites. (deepdyve.com)

Using hybrid/integrative modeling, involving multiple experimental and computational methods, we have been able provide mechanistic insights into the role of cryptochromes a core clock protein, in regulating circadian period length, thus directly relating protein structure and dynamics to in vitro and in vivo experimental observations [1]. (imsc.res.in)
They noted that blue light sets the body clocks of many other animals via a group of proteins called the cryptochromes , or CRYs. (nationalgeographic.com)

These rhythms are sustained by a molecular clock and provide a temporal matrix that ensures the coordination of homeostatic processes with the periodicity of environmental challenges. (nih.gov)
In this talk, I will present the work that we have been doing to not only enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating circadian clock [1] but also to develop therapeutic interventions to modulate the circadian rhythms in mammals [2, 3]. (imsc.res.in)
Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 72nd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in biological clocks and rhythms. (cshlpress.com)
An understanding of how circadian clocks work and the central role they play in our biology has led to advances in many areas, not least an appreciation that when circadian rhythms are disrupted our overall health and well-being can be severely affected. (theconversation.com)
Prokineticin 2 and its receptor are active in a region of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which acts as an internal clock that controls circadian rhythms. (medlineplus.gov)

The new process focuses on the larger blocks of atoms that occur in proteins, known as tertiary motifs, to design functioning proteins. (scitechdaily.com)

Also in the KaiC family is RadA/Sms, a highly conserved eubacterial protein that shares sequence similarity with both RecA strand transferase and lon protease. (wikipedia.org)

These novel sequences of recombinant DNA are used to produce repetitive proteins to create new types of drugs and bioengineered tissues. (bionity.com)

The presence of light-sensitive CRYs in corals suggest that the most primitive animals also had genetic body clocks that responded to light, long before the first eyes evolved. (nationalgeographic.com)

In addition to these essential elements, several proteins and signalling pathways are also involved in photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)

So we have a better idea of what to expect if we target these proteins with therapeutics. (unc.edu)

Zymo Research, through an exclusive license to the Horvath Epigenetic Clock, is leading the way to a fast, reliable, commercially available epigenetic age test. (zymoresearch.com)
But now, in the charged political atmosphere that has accompanied the arrival of millions of refugees to Europe, forensic scientists across the continent are joining forces to improve epigenetic-clock-based tests - with a focus on whether they might be used to help determine the age of refugees whose claims to be under 18 are disputed. (zymoresearch.com)

Understanding these molecular mechanisms may enable scientists to develop therapies for intervening in the clock to alleviate disruptions, whether they are caused by inherited conditions or by shift work or jet lag. (legalvenoms.com)
Phytochromes play a key role in how plants perceive the day in the complex network of proteins and signalling channels that make up the molecular mechanisms behind photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)

Folding is basically the process of assembling a protein, and simulating that process takes massive CPU and GPU (graphical processing unit) power so scientists can more closely study how proteins "misfold" and cause disease processes. (darkreading.com)
The mechanism, however, is also relevant for other biological clocks and light-controlled processes: 'We think that what we have uncovered goes beyond the monthly timing system,' says Eva Wolf. (eurekalert.org)
A circadian clock also stops everything happening at the same time, ensuring that biological processes occur in the appropriate sequence. (theconversation.com)

For example, custom proteins can be used to develop therapeutic drugs to fight disease. (scitechdaily.com)

The disruption of the circadian clocks was concomitant with the perturbation of hormone secretion. (sciencedaily.com)

By uncovering the role of a previously unknown protein-protein interaction in glioblastoma, we were able to develop a designer peptide which possesses robust therapeutic efficacy in treating all major types of glioblastoma in preclinical models," says Dr. Xi Huang , a Senior Scientist in the Developmental & Stem Cell Biology program . (innovations-report.com)
F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al. (nih.gov)
The FT gene's expression is encouraged by GI's interaction with the protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL), which also encourages flowering. (who.int)

This double use of the same atoms should make it much easier to construct optical atomic clocks, as the atoms provide light that is not only very stable, but also automatically has the correct frequency. (laserfocusworld.com)

We examined these two proteins closely and found that when they interacted they created a potassium channel complex that is fundamental to the aggressive nature of the cancer," says Dong, a former PhD student and current post-doctoral fellow in the Huang Lab . (innovations-report.com)

Our work identifying the human segmentation clock represents an important milestone in understanding human developmental biology. (nature.com)
There are many protein-polymer based medications in use today, such as human growth hormones, drugs to stimulate blood cell formation in cancer patients and anti-viral agents. (bionity.com)
For instance, the SwissVariant database (http://swissvar.expasy.org/) contained 76 613 variants in 20 244 human proteins on 10 January 2018. (deepdyve.com)

It binds and locks the kinase down, so it's like a pause button that prevents the PERIOD protein from being degraded too soon," Partch says. (legalvenoms.com)

Other collaborators at UC San Diego performed simulations of the molecular dynamics of the switch showing how the CK1 protein switches between two conformations, and how mutations cause it favor one conformation over another. (legalvenoms.com)
The clock-changing mutations in CK1 cause it to favor this degron-binding conformation. (legalvenoms.com)
The other conformation favors binding to a site on the PER protein known as the FASP region, because mutations in this region lead to an inherited sleep disorder called familial advanced sleep phase syndrome. (legalvenoms.com)

Without a clock, our biology would be in chaos. (theconversation.com)

Previous reports have suggested that protein kinases play important roles in the regulation of circadian clocks ( Reischl and Kramer, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)

Furthermore, we demonstrate that FGF signalling controls the phase and period of oscillations, expanding the role of this pathway beyond its classical interpretation in 'clock and wavefront' models 1 . (nature.com)

The KaiA protein from Anabaena sp. (wikipedia.org)
Crystal structure of circadian clock protein KaiA from Synechococcus elongatus. (ox.ac.uk)
The 2.0-A structure of KaiA of S. elongatus reported here shows that the protein is composed of two independently folded domains connected by a linker. (ox.ac.uk)

In astronomy, atomic clocks are used to synchronize telescopes all over the planet into what is effectively one giant telescope the size of Earth. (laserfocusworld.com)

A new study of molecular interactions central to the functioning of biological clocks explains how certain mutations can shorten clock timing, making some people extreme "morning larks" because their internal clocks operate on a 20-hour cycle instead of being synchronized with the 24-hour cycle of day and night. (legalvenoms.com)
Today, increasing evidence show that disturbances in our internal clocks stemming from frequent time zone changes, irregular working schedules or ageing, have a significant impact on the development of metabolic diseases including type-2 diabetes. (sciencedaily.com)

The Yale team discovered this stimulation requires the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to activate a specific protein in the nicotinic family of receptors -- the alpha7 nicotinic receptor. (sciencedaily.com)

Their findings, published in Nature Communications, show that L-Cry can interpret moonlight to entrain the monthly (circalunar) clock of a marine worm to control sexual maturation and reproduction. (eurekalert.org)
For some species, such as the bristle worm Platynereiis dumerilii, lab experiments have shown that moonlight exerts its timing function by entraining an inner monthly calendar, also called circalunar clock. (eurekalert.org)
Co-first-author Shruthi Krishnan worked out that L-Cry proteins exposed to naturalistic moonlight accumulate the low photon numbers of the moonlight over hours, but at most only half of the FADs get photoreduced. (eurekalert.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Peptides and Proteins1

Genes23

Regulates9

Degradation6

PER22

Family of proteins1

Differentially expressed2

Enzymes2

Physiological1

Regulate4

Phosphorylation1

Inhibit1

Mice8

Researchers13

BMAL14

Cyanobacteria1

Remains unclear2

Cells18

Structural6

KaiB3

Gene7

Intracellular1

Amino8

Cryptochromes2

Rhythms5

Tertiary1

KaiC1

Tissues1

Genetic1

Pathways1

Therapeutics1

Epigenetic clock2

Mechanisms2

Processes3

Develop therapeutic1

Disruption1

Interaction3

Atoms1

Closely1

Human3

Kinase1

Conformation3

Biology1

Regulation1

Oscillations1

KaiA3

Synchronize1

Internal clocks2

Specific protein1

Moonlight3