Specimens are typically sliced at a range of 3 µm-5 μm. (wikipedia.org)
In general, hematolymphoid cells manifest as dyshesive cells in cytological specimens. (cytojournal.com)
[ 4 . 5 ] Adding to the challenge, classic lymphoglandular bodies, representing remnants of lymphocyte cytoplasm, are typically inconspicuous or absent in effusion fluids, in contrast to FNA material from solid specimens. (cytojournal.com)
Morphology2
Preparation of the sample is critical to maintaining cell morphology, tissue architecture and the antigenicity of target epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
Differentiating between low-grade lymphoma and reactive lymphocytes is often difficult by morphology alone as reactive lymphoid cells may acquire activation morphology from being exposed to different cytokines within the body fluid. (cytojournal.com)
Tumors1
Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Antibody8
Visualising an antibody-antigen interaction can be accomplished in a number of ways, mainly either of the following: Chromogenic immunohistochemistry (CIH), wherein an antibody is conjugated to an enzyme, such as peroxidase (the combination being termed immunoperoxidase), that can catalyse a colour-producing reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the method of fixation and tissue preservation, the sample may require additional steps to make the epitopes available for antibody binding, including deparaffinization and antigen retrieval. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the tissue type and the method of antigen detection, endogenous biotin or enzymes may need to be blocked or quenched, respectively, prior to antibody staining. (wikipedia.org)
Quality control should as a minimum include a tissue known to express the antigen as a positive control and negative controls of tissue known not to express the antigen, as well as the test tissue probed in the same way with omission of the primary antibody (or better, absorption of the primary antibody). (wikipedia.org)
Primary antibodies are raised against an antigen of interest and are typically unconjugated (unlabeled), while secondary antibodies are raised against immunoglobulins of the primary antibody species. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-K is the next most common immune red cell antibody after those in the ABO and Rh system. (wikidoc.org)
Individuals without K antigens(K 0 ) who have formed an antibody to a K antigen, must be transfused with blood from donors who are also K 0 to prevent hemolysis. (wikidoc.org)
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurs when the body produces an antibody against a blood group antigen on its own red blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
Polymorphic2
HIV-positive patients may develop a spectrum of lymphoid proliferation including: reactive hyperplasia, AtLP, lesions resembling polymorphic B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders and malignant lymphomas. (medscape.com)
The KEL gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein [5] that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. (wikidoc.org)
Tissues3
It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. (wikipedia.org)
For formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, antigen-retrieval is often necessary, and involves pre-treating the sections with heat or protease. (wikipedia.org)
In situ hybridization of EBV-encoded RNA sequences in lymph nodes usually demonstrates five- to ten-fold more EBV-positive cells in lymphoid tissues of HIV-infected patients compared with the lymphoid tissue in normal patients. (medscape.com)
Antibodies7
Although antibodies show preferential avidity for specific epitopes, they may partially or weakly bind to sites on nonspecific proteins (also called reactive sites) that are similar to the cognate binding sites on the target antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Monoclonal antibodies are made by injecting the animal and then taking a specific sample of immune tissue, isolating a parent cell, and using the resulting immortalized line to create antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals lacking a specific Kell antigen may develop antibodies against Kell antigens when transfused with blood containing that antigen. (wikidoc.org)
Following the formation of anti-K, subsequent blood transfusions may be marked by destruction of the new cells by these antibodies, a process known as hemolysis . (wikidoc.org)
The antibodies lead to destruction of the red blood cells with resulting anemia . (wikidoc.org)
Similarly, a pregnant woman may develop antibodies against fetal red blood cells, resulting in destruction, anemia, and hydrops fetalis in a process known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). (wikidoc.org)
Both AIHA and HDN may be severe when caused by anti-Kell antibodies, [10] as they are the most immunogenic antigens after those of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems . (wikidoc.org)
Antigenicity2
Preparation of the sample is critical to maintaining cell morphology, tissue architecture and the antigenicity of target epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
This is particularly true for the "K" antigen which shows a relatively high antigenicity and moderately low frequency (~9%) in Caucasian populations. (wikidoc.org)
Lymphoid2
In this condition, the immune suppression allows the escape of EBV-infected B cells and thus results in a polymorphous lymphoid proliferation composed of small B cells, plasmacytoid cells and immunoblasts. (medscape.com)
Acute Leukemia of Indeterminate Lineage An acute leukemia in which the blasts lack sufficient evidence to classify as myeloid or lymphoid or they have morphologic and/or immunophenotypic characteristics of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. (nih.gov)
Benign2
Patients with primary immune disorders are more likely to develop benign T-cell expansions of CD4-/CD8- α/β T cells than T-cell malignancies. (medscape.com)
Malignant C7419 Acanthoma A benign skin neoplasm composed of epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
Proliferation1
Specific molecular markers are characteristic of particular cellular events such as proliferation or cell death (apoptosis). (wikipedia.org)
Malignant4
WHO, 2001) Malignant C45929 Acidophil Stem Cell Pituitary Gland Adenoma Acidophil Stem Cell Adenoma An infrequent pituitary gland adenoma composed of cells showing immunoreactivity for prolactin and less often growth hormone. (nih.gov)
Acinic Cell Carcinoma A malignant glandular epithelial neoplasm consisting of secretory cells forming acinar patterns. (nih.gov)
Malignant C40367 Acinic Cell Breast Carcinoma A breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of serous (acinic cell) differentiation. (nih.gov)
WHO, 2001) Malignant C4673 Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia An acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage characterized by blasts which coexpress myeloid and T or B lineage antigens or concurrent B and T lineage antigens. (nih.gov)
Specific1
A great amount of non-specific binding causes high background staining which will mask the detection of the target antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Found2
Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. (wikipedia.org)
[1] [2] The Kell antigens are peptides found within the Kell protein , a 93- kilodalton transmembrane zinc -dependent endopeptidase which is responsible for cleaving endothelin-3 . (wikidoc.org)
Type1
The Kell antigen system (also known as Kell-Cellano system ) is a group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
Molecular1
Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of the intraepithelial B cells occurring in Hashimoto's disease, Sjögren's syndrome and Helicobacter pylori -associated gastritis revealed predominantly monocytoid B cells and marginal zone cells as the effector cells. (medscape.com)
Include1
Representative examples include the acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas and the acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. (nih.gov)