• The effects of psychogenic stressors, rat exposure and fox urine odor, on central monoamine functioning was assessed in two inbred strains of mice, BALB/cByJ and C57BL/6ByJ, thought to be differentially reactive to stressors. (aku.edu)
  • However, central amygdala 5-HIAA elevations as well as DOPAC increases in the prefrontal cortex elicited by fox odor were greater in C57BL/6ByJ than in BALB/cByJ mice. (aku.edu)
  • Although BALB/cByJ mice are more behaviorally reactive than C57BL/6ByJ mice, and also show greater corticosterone elevations in response to neurogenic and systemic stressors, it was previously shown that differential corticosterone changes were not elicited by a predator exposure. (aku.edu)
  • Reproductive performance consisting of mean litter size, number of pups that wean (wean: born ratio) and mean reproductive index of three inbred mice strains, which are BALB/cMlac, C57BL/6Mlac and DBA/2Mlac, were investigated to provide some basic information on the breeding and maintaining of a foundation colony. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Long-term exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) increased ductal branching to a similar extent in wild type BALB/cJ and 129/SvEv female mice but no mammary tumors were observed in either strain. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • DES induced thymic regression in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • We offer pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in widely used murine inbred (C57BL/6, BALB/c), or custom strains. (flywithabird.com)
  • Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes for Neutrophil Recruitment in Sterile Inflammation Mapped in AXB-BXA Recombinant Inbred Mice. (genenetwork.org)
  • Evaluation of heritable determinants of blood and brain serotonin homeostasis using recombinant inbred mice. (genenetwork.org)
  • There are SeV-resistant F344 rats and susceptible BN rats. (wikipedia.org)
  • In rats, the F433 strain was most responsive in pituitary and uterine tissues, but DES-induced thymic regression was greatest in the SD strain compared to F344 and BN. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • When pituitary weight was used as a phenotypic indicator of estrogen stimulated lactotroph proliferation, five QTL were identified upon characterization of DES treated female F2 progeny generated in an intercross between F344 and BN rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • A second QTL, Eutr2 was mapped to the same region of chromosome 5 through characterization of DES treated congenic rats in which BN alleles across proximal chromosome 5 were introgressed onto the F344 genetic background. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. (lookformedical.com)
  • This study established a low incidence hydronephrosis Wistar rat (Mlac:WR) colony at the National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Thailand. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Accordingly, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were maintained on either regular (Reg) or high fat (HF) diets for 24wk. (cdc.gov)
  • Inbred and outbred mouse and rat strains have very different susceptibility to Sendai virus infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In most brain regions, the neurochemical effects of the stressors were comparable in the two mouse strains. (aku.edu)
  • Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
  • The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)
  • Most QTL have been mapped in model organisms such as the mouse and the rat. (jax.org)
  • She and co-researchers found significant concordance among mouse, human and rat hypertension QTL, 4 between mouse and human HDL cholesterol QTL, 6 between rat and human kidney disease QTL, 7 between mouse and human atherosclerosis QTL, 8 and among various species for osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes and asthma QTL. (jax.org)
  • The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) is particularly useful for helping investigators select the most appropriate strains to cross in a QTL mapping project. (jax.org)
  • The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
  • Here, we report a study of phenotypic effects and gene interactions for 90 blood, bone, and metabolic traits in a mouse CSS panel and 54 traits in a rat CSS panel. (nih.gov)
  • FXGs were previously identified in mouse, rat, and human brains in a conserved subset of neuronal circuits but with species-dependent developmental profiles. (biorxiv.org)
  • Alam G, Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP, Lu L, Williams RW, Jones BC 2016 MPTP neurotoxicity is highly concordant between the sexes among BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. (genenetwork.org)
  • Xue Y, Li J, Yan L, Lu L, Liao FF 2015 Genetic variability to diet-induced hippocampal dysfunction in BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. (genenetwork.org)
  • exposure to organophosphate neurotoxicants combined with high circulating glucocorticoids in two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J. (cdc.gov)
  • The top cited product from Charles River was the C57BL/6J mouse, with over 2500 citations. (citeab.com)
  • It was the first mouse strain to have its genome sequenced, back in 2003. (citeab.com)
  • C57BL/6 LAK cells were simultaneously stained with FITC-conjugated PK136 (anti-mouse NK-1.1, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We now have been utilizing the Inbred Lengthy- and Quick-Sleep mouse strains (ILS, ISS) and a recombinant inbred panel derived from them, the LXS, to research the genetic underpinnings of acute ethanol tolerance which is taken into account to be a threat issue for alcohol use issues (AUDs). (eumorphia.org)
  • Genetic manipulation of the mouse genome has been customarily performed using ES cells derived from the agouti 129-inbred strain of mouse. (umassmed.edu)
  • C57BL/6J is an inbred strain, commonly used as a genetic background when genetically modified mice are utilised as models for human disease. (citeab.com)
  • Nature Communications 7:10464 [Best reference on the BXD family of strains and the wide range of phenotypes that have been generated over the past 40 years. (genenetwork.org)
  • When these C57BL/6N-based JM8 cells were injected into blastocysts from albino mice, a high proportion of chimeras displayed ES cell contribution to both germline and somatic tissues. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, a disadvantage of this combination is that a slightly mixed C57BL/6 genetic background (C57BL/6N x C57BL/6J) is produced when breeding the resulting chimeras with C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd albino mice to test for germline transmission in the G1 generation. (umassmed.edu)
  • These FXG properties are conserved in both mice and rats, suggesting these granules may support conserved cellular functions. (biorxiv.org)
  • In mice and rats, females require mating stimulation for the maintenance of pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • After inbreeding for 20 generations, a surprisingly high incidence of hydronephrosis was encountered and we finally obtained a strain of mice with a very high incidence of severe hydronephrosis affected on both sides of kidney and in both sexes as the process of inbreeding has been increased. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Based upon this observation, Tani et al (27) reported an L-arginine induced rat model of necrotizing acute pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Since these observations, the model of L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in rat has been used in different laboratories. (pancreapedia.org)
  • In this Methods entry, we describe protocols for the induction of L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis in rats and mice. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The virus is responsible for a highly transmissible respiratory tract infection in mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and occasionally marmosets, with infection passing through both air and direct contact routes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This important part of their business includes research animal models such as inbred, outbred, disease and immunodeficiency models, including mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs and rabbits to name a few examples. (citeab.com)
  • In contrast, FXGs are found in rats throughout life in both hippocampal and olfactory bulb circuits while recapitulating the developmental downregulation in other forebrain regions seen in mice. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast, ACI rats have a persistent proliferative response to DES in mammary epithelium without a compensatory increase in apoptosis and was associated with extensive hyperplasia. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Homozygous inactivation of this gene causes embryonic lethality and extensive developmental defects in inbred strains. (jax.org)
  • Recently, researchers from the Sanger Institute (UK) have isolated stable and germline competent embryonic stem (ES) cells from C57BL/6N mice (1). (umassmed.edu)
  • To generate suitable C57BL/6 embryonic stem cells for gene targeting experiments, the Sanger team established a male cell line (JM8) from the N-substrain of C57BL/6 mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • Experience has shown that injection of black C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells into albino C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd blastocysts is a particularly favorable combination for germline transmission. (umassmed.edu)
  • Since these JM8A3 cells are heterozygous for the corrected agouti allele [A tm1brd ], crossing the resulting brown-on-white chimeras with C57BL/6N test mice yield embryonic stem cell-derived offspring with either agouti or black coats. (umassmed.edu)
  • Chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) enable statistically powerful studies based on testing engineered inbred strains that have single, unique, and nonoverlapping genetic differences, thereby providing measures of phenotypic effects that are attributable to individual chromosomes. (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, individual chromosome substitutions often conferred surprisingly large effects (often a substantial fraction of the entire phenotypic difference between the parental strains), with the result that the sum of these individual effects often dramatically exceeded the difference between the parental strains. (nih.gov)
  • Selective inbreeding of this mutant led us to the establishment of a colony of inbred hydronephrosis mice. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Transformation of znuA mutant with a shuttle vector pBBR1MCS-4 containing znuA gene restored the growth in zinc chelated medium and intracellular replication in HeLa cells and macrophages to a level comparable to that of wild-type strain. (go.jp)
  • Bacterial internalization into HeLa cells and macrophages and co-localization with either late endosomes or lysosomes of znuA mutant were not different from those of wild-type strain. (go.jp)
  • Depending upon the study, these mice often have to be backcrossed 9 more generations with C57BL/6 mice to place the mutant allele on an inbred C57BL/6 background. (umassmed.edu)
  • Genome scan for trabecular bone density, from a cross between strains C57BL/6J and C3H. (jax.org)
  • ACI rats also developed mammary tumors with chronic exposure to 17β-estradiol or DES. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • In this context, a higher faecal excretion and lower tissue accumulation, as well as metallothionein induction in rats following exposure to methylmercury naturally incorporated in fish compared to methylmercury chloride added to the same matrix, have been reported [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Rats were euthanized at 7, 12, and 24wk to evaluate local and systemic immune markers corresponding to the baseline, exposure, and recovery phases of the study, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • In BN rats, resolution of immune alterations was further compromised by HF diet, as many exposure-induced alterations in local/systemic immune markers were still evident in HF/WF animals at 24wk. (cdc.gov)
  • Collectively, HF diet appeared to have a greater impact on global immune status and exposure-induced lung injury in SD rats, but a more pronounced effect on inflammation resolution in BN rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Breeder selection for breeding was carried out by using the progeny selection method, which selects offspring based on their characteristics, in combination with the breeding principle of maximum avoidance of inbreeding and the rotational mating system. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • Furthermore, 129-strain ES cells often contribute to the germline of the chimeras, and when breeding chimeras with C57BL/6 test mice, the dominant agouti color in offspring signifying germline transmission is also easily detected in the G1 generation litters. (umassmed.edu)
  • The present study further ana- lyzed behavioral correlates of two novel breeding lines of rats, Carioca high-and low-conditioned freez- ing (CHF and CLF), based on defensive freezing responses to contextual cues previously associated with electric footshock. (bvsalud.org)
  • Only 10% mortality rate was observed in C57BL/6 mice after the administration of very high virulent dose of 1*105 TCID50. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are also reports in literature to indicate that even a single dose of 500 mg/100 g i.p. causes significant mortality in rats (20) while use of a double dose (2x250 mg/100 g at 1 h interval) reproducibly causes pancreatitis (20) without mortality. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The Sanger group performed gene targeting in the JM8 ES cells to delete the retrotransposon from the agouti locus and restore agouti gene function, permitting the visualization of ES cell-derived mice on an inbred C57BL/6 background by agouti coat color. (umassmed.edu)
  • At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. (nature.com)
  • Taken together with earlier findings, it appears that despite greater behavioral reactivity/anxiety, the strain-specific neurochemical changes elicited may be situation-specific such that the profile apparent in response to neurogenic and systemic stressors may not be evident in response to predator-related threats. (aku.edu)
  • Right here, we've got used RNA-seq to look at the transcriptome of complete mind in 40 of the LXS strains eight hours after a saline or ethanol "pretreatment" as in earlier behavioral research. (eumorphia.org)
  • A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. (lookformedical.com)
  • Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Glucose has been reported to increase the de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) and translocate and activate protein kinase C (PKC) in rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Glucose rapidly increased DAG content and PKC enzyme activity in microsomes, but not in plasma membranes or other membranes, during a 30-min treatment of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Treatment of both strains with exogenous IFN before and during viral infection led to an increase in survival time in C57BL/6 mice, but all animals of both strains ultimately succumb to SeV caused disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Causal impact of a full-gene deletion will be investigated in all organ systems by comparing phenotypic characteristics of KO-mice with wild-type control mice of the same genetic C57BL/6N background (Munoz-Fuentes et al. (springer.com)
  • However, the resulting targeted G1 mice are of a mixed 129 x C57BL/6 genetic background. (umassmed.edu)
  • These ES cells allow for the generation of gene‐targeted mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background without the need for multiple backcrossing of mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • Of course, one could breed the chimeras with inbred C57BL/6N mice to maintain a pure C57BL/6N substrain background- but then one could not use coat color in the G1 generation to identify germline-transmitting chimeras, as all the offspring would be of a black coat color regardless of germline transmission. (umassmed.edu)
  • The constitutive KO allele has been generated after Cre-mediated recombination by crossing chimeras to a Cre-Deleter on a C57BL/6 background. (taconic.com)
  • The constitutive KO line has been derived using C57BL/6NTac animals and the Cre-transgene was removed by segregation. (taconic.com)
  • however, diet appeared to preferentially impact SD rats at this time point, as several inflammatory markers (lymph node cellularity, lung neutrophils) were further elevated in HF over Reg animals. (cdc.gov)
  • This is because 129-derived ES cells have proven to be very robust in generating chimeras, with the agouti (129-derived) coloration easily visible on the black (C57BL/6-derived) coat in the chimeras. (umassmed.edu)
  • Rat model of arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride. (flywithabird.com)
  • Such differences in emotionality responses in the 10th generation of selected rats further indicate a possible use of this model to study correlations between trait anxiety and defen- sive reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats become slow after the 2nd injection but gradually recover. (pancreapedia.org)
  • QTL associated with regression of testes induced by DES were identified on chromosomes 1 and 7 in recombinant inbred male rats. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Male and female rats from the 10th generation were used to assess anxiety-like reactions in the elevated plus maze (EPM), depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST), and aversive memory in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2003. Promotion versus suppression of rat colon carcinogenesis by chlorophyllin and chlorophyll: modulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and beta-catenin/Tcf signaling. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Strains of rodents exhibit striking differences in their responses to endogenous ovarian estrogens (primarily 17β-estradiol). (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Thus, strains of rodents appear to have adopted different strategies to achieve tissue homeostasis. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • C57BL/6 mice showed slight loss of body weight after SeV administration, which returned to normal later. (wikipedia.org)
  • In rats of about 300 g body weight (BW), restoration of total lung mass is complete approximately 14 days after left PNX [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mizunuma et al (18) were first to report that intra-peritoneal (i.p.) administration of excessive doses of L-arginine (500 mg/100 g body weight) in rats selectively damage pancreatic acinar cells without any morphological change in islets of Langerhans or other organs. (pancreapedia.org)
  • The UMass Chan Transgenic Animal Modeling Core (TAMC) also has JM8-strain ES cells for targeting, and routinely injects either JM8.F6-strain ES cells or JM8.A3-strain ES cells into albino C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd blastocysts. (umassmed.edu)
  • This phenomenon was first revealed between laboratory rat and human hypertension QTL. (jax.org)
  • This approach allows you to maintain the inbred C57BL/6N status of the offspring. (umassmed.edu)
  • Although the biology of response is best characterized in rats, dogs have proven valuable in defining post-operative physiological adaptations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Ferric Chloride - induced thrombosis technique allows assessment of thrombosis progression in coisogenic strains, and in isogenic mice dosed with study compounds. (flywithabird.com)
  • At least two isoforms of CD244.2 protein, products of alternative splicing of hnRNA, are expressed on IL-2-activated C57BL/6 NK cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Positions of QTL regulated responses to estrogens in 5 tissues in rats featured image credit figure/F1 . (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • Although the strains differed in initial thymus weights, both exhibited similar ~1.5 g decreases following DES treatment. (diethylstilbestrol.co.uk)
  • The targeting vector has been generated using C57BL/6J DNA and transfected into TaconicArtemis C57BL/6NTac ES cell line. (taconic.com)
  • C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant to the virus, while DBA/2J mice are sensitive. (wikipedia.org)