Intraoperative CareIntraoperative PeriodSpinal CordMonitoring, IntraoperativeSpinal Cord InjuriesIntraoperative ComplicationsBrain ChemistryBrain NeoplasmsBrain InjuriesInjections, SpinalAnesthesia, SpinalSpinal Cord DiseasesSpinal NervesSpinal Cord NeoplasmsBrain MappingSpinal Nerve RootsSpinal DiseasesSpinal CanalSpinal Cord CompressionSpinal NeoplasmsSpinal FusionMagnetic Resonance ImagingSpinal StenosisBrainPostoperative ComplicationsNeuronavigationFrozen SectionsTreatment OutcomeBrain StemBlood Loss, SurgicalNeurosurgical ProceduresTime FactorsSurgery, Computer-AssistedSpinal InjuriesBrain EdemaRetrospective StudiesIntraoperative AwarenessMuscular Atrophy, SpinalBrain IschemiaRats, Sprague-DawleyThoracic VertebraeSpinal Cord IschemiaLaminectomySpineNeuronsGanglia, SpinalProspective StudiesCervical VertebraeAnesthesia, GeneralLumbar VertebraeParaplegiaMotor NeuronsBrain AbscessSpinal CurvaturesTomography, X-Ray ComputedTuberculosis, SpinalIntraoperative Neurophysiological MonitoringPreoperative CareDisease Models, AnimalCerebral CortexPosterior Horn CellsHematoma, Epidural, SpinalRecovery of FunctionEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryFollow-Up StudiesParathyroidectomySpinal FracturesLaparoscopyNeurosurgeryLumbosacral RegionScoliosisBlood-Brain BarrierImage Processing, Computer-AssistedDeep Brain StimulationSpinal Muscular Atrophies of ChildhoodDecompression, SurgicalAnesthesiaPain MeasurementHypoxia, BrainNerve Tissue ProteinsPainSurgical Procedures, Minimally InvasivePostoperative CareReoperationImmunohistochemistryElectric StimulationSensitivity and SpecificityCraniotomyAxonsPostoperative PeriodEchocardiography, TransesophagealSpinal Cord RegenerationReproducibility of ResultsBlood Transfusion, AutologousAstrocytesQuadriplegiaLocomotionAnalysis of VarianceStereotaxic TechniquesTrigeminal Nucleus, Spinal