Bone osteoclasts. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this study, we show that human Btk-deficient osteoclasts are defective at resorption activity in vitro owing to a dysregulation of the actin cytoskeletal function. (uea.ac.uk)
This study provides novel evidence that Btk signaling is crucial for optimal actin cytoskeletal organization and lacunar resorption in isolated osteoclasts. (uea.ac.uk)
We found that interleukin 1β stimulated multinucleation and bone resorption of osteoclasts derived from the 3 precursors at different rates. (vu.nl)
20 nuclei) and highest level of bone resorption (16.3%) was by myeloid blast-derived osteoclasts. (vu.nl)
Our results indicate that the different bone marrow osteoclast precursors are differently stimulated by interleukin 1β with respect to proliferation, multinucleation, life span, and bone resorption. (vu.nl)
However, the effect of SF in bone resorption has not been studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia-inducible factor regulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption: role of angiopoietin-like 4. (ox.ac.uk)
Hypoxia and the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor regulate angiogenic-osteogenic coupling and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. (ox.ac.uk)
Normoxic inducers of HIF (CoCl(2), desferrioxamine, and l-mimosine) and 100 ng/ml ANGPTL4 stimulated osteoclastic resorption 2- to 3-fold in assays of lacunar dentine resorption, without affecting osteoclast viability. (ox.ac.uk)
These results demonstrate that HIF is sufficient to enhance osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and that ANGPTL4 can compensate for HIF-1α deficiency with respect to stimulation of osteoclast activity and also augments osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
In order to exert these functions throughout life, bone tissue undergoes a repeating cycle of osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. (nih.gov)
The immobilization resulting from acute spinal cord injury stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption. (medscape.com)
This can be followed by the use of drugs to enhance excretion of calcium in the urine and/or medications to reduce bone resorption. (medscape.com)
Immobilization after spinal cord injury (SCI), or immobilization hypercalcemia, triggers an increase in osteoclastic bone resorption. (medscape.com)
The cascade of events that link the lack of mechanical forces on bone with enhanced resorption may involve altered piezoelectric effects in bone. (medscape.com)
With immobilization, the mechanical stimulation for bone formation caused by muscle activity is reduced, leaving resorption unopposed. (medscape.com)
The bone resorption continues for up to 18 months after spinal cord injury, long after patients begin remobilization. (medscape.com)
Less clear is fluoride's impact on bone resorption and the cells (osteoclasts) that resorb bone. (fluoridealert.org)
Many have assumed that fluoride's main effect on bone resorption and osteoclasts is an inhibitory one (i.e., less bone resorption). (fluoridealert.org)
While evidence does indicate that fluoride can inhibit osteoclasts and bone resorption, evidence also indicates that fluoride can increase osteoclast activity and bone resorption. (fluoridealert.org)
While it is commonly assumed that much higher doses of fluoride are required to increase bone resorption than to increase bone formation. (fluoridealert.org)
An iliac crest bone biopsy revealed an increased amount of thick unmineralized osteoid as well as a large number of osteoclasts and associated resorption cavities, consistent with osteomalacia. (fluoridealert.org)
This type of resorption beneath unmineralized bone matrix is often observed in osteomalacia, particularly that caused by renal abnormalities and associated secondary hyperparathyroidism . (fluoridealert.org)
While the stimulatory effects of fluoride on bone formation have been well described, its effects on bone resorption is less well understood. (fluoridealert.org)
If calcium is deficient, mineralization defects will occur, and bone resorption may be enhanced. (fluoridealert.org)
Histologic description of fluorotic bone generally includes increased osteoid and mineralized bone, disordered lamellar structure, thickened trabeculae and cortical bone, and increased areas of resorption. (fluoridealert.org)
Our findings suggest that the optimal concentration of fluoride that increases bone resorption is higher than the concentration that increases formation. (fluoridealert.org)
If this is correct, the effects of fluoride on bone formation and resorption may be mediated through different mechanisms and may be dissociable. (fluoridealert.org)
Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood. (wikipedia.org)
These are the cells responsible for the resorption of bone. (wikipedia.org)
The osteoclast then induces an infolding of its cell membrane and secretes collagenase and other enzymes important in the resorption process. (wikipedia.org)
Conditions that result in a decrease in bone mass can either be caused by an increase in resorption or by a decrease in ossification. (wikipedia.org)
During childhood, bone formation exceeds resorption. (wikipedia.org)
Bone resorption rates are much higher in post-menopausal older women due to estrogen deficiency related with menopause. (wikipedia.org)
Light weight bearing exercise tends to eliminate the negative effects of bone resorption. (wikipedia.org)
Bone resorption is highly stimulated or inhibited by signals from other parts of the body, depending on the demand for calcium. (wikipedia.org)
High levels of calcium in the blood, on the other hand, leads to decreased PTH release from the parathyroid gland, decreasing the number and activity of osteoclasts, resulting in less bone resorption. (wikipedia.org)
Vitamin D increases absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestinal tract, leading to elevated levels of plasma calcium, and thus lower bone resorption. (wikipedia.org)
Recent research indicates that calcitriol leads to a reduction in osteoclast formation, and bone resorption. (wikipedia.org)
It follows that an increase in vitamin D3 intake should lead to a decrease in bone resorption - it has been shown that oral administration of vitamin D does not linearly correlate to increased serum levels of calcifediol, the precursor to calcitriol. (wikipedia.org)
Calcitonin decreases osteoclast activity, and decreases the formation of new osteoclasts, resulting in decreased resorption. (wikipedia.org)
In some cases where bone resorption outpaces ossification, the bone is broken down much faster than it can be renewed. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on where in the body bone resorption occurs, additional problems like tooth loss can arise. (wikipedia.org)
Some people who experience increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation are astronauts. (wikipedia.org)
Ossification decreases due to a lack of stress, while resorption increases, leading to a net decrease in bone density. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, TNF often acts on cell types other than osteoclasts, or synergically with RANKL to indirectly promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, discovery of these intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms addresses why TNF has a weak osteoclastogenic potential, explains a significant difference between RANKL and TNF signaling, and provides potentially new or complementary therapeutic strategies to selectively treat inflammatory bone resorption, without undesirable effects on normal bone remodeling or immune response in disease settings. (frontiersin.org)
Osteoclasts are bone cells derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage and are exclusively responsible for bone resorption, which contributes to skeletal development, bone homeostasis, and remodeling. (frontiersin.org)
Under inflammatory conditions, abnormal osteoclast differentiation and function often results in excessive bone resorption, which is a common characteristic of many diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis and periodontitis ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Current treatments for excessive bone resorption utilize RANK receptor blockers or neutralizing antibodies, which are able to inhibit osteoclast formation. (frontiersin.org)
Long-term cultures of human bone marrow form multinucleated cells (MNC) with many functional characteristics of osteoclasts including: expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, appropriate responses to osteotropic hormones, calcitonin-induced contraction and formation of resorption lacunae on calcified matrices. (elsevierpure.com)
A - C ) Representative images from intravital multiphoton imaging of mouse bone tissues of heterozygous TRAP-tdTomato transgenic mice treated with BAp-E, an H + probe detecting sites of local bone resorption (Supplemental Video 5). (jci.org)
Given the rate of transition from static to motile behavior of the osteoclasts, these areas are likely to be those undergoing resorption by previously static cells shortly before obtaining the image and characterizing the osteoclasts at motile. (jci.org)
Therefore, inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-induced bone resorption is an important approach in controlling pathophysiology of these skeletal diseases. (hindawi.com)
The process of bone remodeling consists of both osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
OC-STAMP promotes osteoclast fusion for pathogenic bone resorption in periodontitis via up-regulation of permissive fusogen CD9. (bvsalud.org)
Cell fusion -mediated formation of multinuclear osteoclasts (OCs) plays a key role in bone resorption . (bvsalud.org)
Nonetheless, according to the ligature -induced periodontitis model, significantly lower level of bone resorption was found in OC-STAMP-KO mice compared to WT mice . (bvsalud.org)
Continuous treatment with calcitonin (CT) to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption results in acquired resistance. (edu.au)
Pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis includes most commonly the use of antiresorptive agents to decrease bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, and the selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene. (medscape.com)
Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals, and by binding at sites of active bone resorption, these agents can inhibit osteoclastic resorption. (medscape.com)
Their major pharmacologic action is the inhibition of bone resorption. (medscape.com)
Alendronate inhibits osteoclast activity and bone resorption. (medscape.com)
It inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and has some analgesic effects in patients with fractures. (medscape.com)
A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. (bvsalud.org)
An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption. (bvsalud.org)
To analyze the relationship between age, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and alveolar bone resorption with menopause duration in postmenopausal women. (bvsalud.org)
Categorical determinations of age, BMI, BMD, and alveolar bone resorption were based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. (bvsalud.org)
The longer the duration of menopause showed a tendency for lower bone density and higher age, BMI, and bone resorption. (bvsalud.org)
The longer the duration of menopause, the more estradiol function decreases, which causes osteoclasts to become active in bone resorption [3]. (bvsalud.org)

This study aims to investigate the effect of interleukin 1β on osteoclastogenesis derived from different mouse bone marrow precursors. (vu.nl)
BMMs, that act as osteoclast precursors, were cultured with M-CSF (50 ng/ml) and RANKL (100 ng/ml) for 4 days to generate osteoclasts. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies have uncovered key intrinsic mechanisms by which TNF acts on osteoclast precursors to restrain osteoclastogenesis, including the mechanisms mediated by RBP-J signaling, RBP-J and ITAM (Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) crosstalk, RBP-J mediated regulatory network, NF- κ B p100, IRF8, and Def6. (frontiersin.org)
This was done by daily CT treatment of mouse bone marrow cultures from day 0, when only undifferentiated mononuclear precursors of osteoclast-like cells were present, or commencing from day 6, when differentiated osteoclast-like cells were abundant. (edu.au)

In XLA patients, however, these inherent osteoclast defects are corrected by increased inflammatory cytokine levels, restoring osteoclast activity and leading to the normalization of bone density. (uea.ac.uk)

Until recently many studies of bone remodeling at the cellular level have focused on the behavior of mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and their respective precursor cells, with the role of osteocytes and bone lining cells left largely unexplored. (ebi.ac.uk)
However, there is increasing evidence that osteocytes play important roles in the cycle of targeted bone remodeling, in serving as a significant source of RANKL to support osteoclastogenesis, and in secreting the bone formation inhibitor sclerostin. (ebi.ac.uk)
Here we develop a cell population model of bone remodeling that includes the role of osteocytes, sclerostin, and allows for the possibility of RANKL expression by osteocyte cell populations. (ebi.ac.uk)
Through numerical simulations we demonstrate that our model can be used to explore theoretically many of the qualitative features of the role of osteocytes in bone biology as presented in recent literature. (ebi.ac.uk)
Normal bone remodeling requires a delicate balance between the activities of major bone cell types: bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes. (frontiersin.org)
A couple of four main types of cell in bone tissue, osteoblasts (OB), osteoclasts (OC), osteocytes, and chondrocytes. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Osteocytes were trapped inside these trabeculae, which contained osteoclast-like multinucleated cells and voluminous pavement cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, sometimes interpreted as osteoblasts. (bvsalud.org)

ABSTRACT: We propose a mathematical model explaining the interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, two cell types specialized in the maintenance of the bone integrity. (cellml.org)
The model results corroborate all behaviors of the bone remodeling system that we have simulated, including the tight coupling between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the catabolic effect induced by continuous administration of PTH, the catabolic action of RANKL, as well as its reversal by soluble antagonist OPG. (cellml.org)
We found that BMN-111 treated mice had elevated levels of osteocalcin and collagen 1 C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) as well as increased osteoblasts and osteoclasts. (tamu.edu)

In this study, we examined the potential of SF extract (SFE) to inhibit receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) -induced osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). (biomedcentral.com)
SFE attenuated the RANKL-mediated induction of NF-κB through inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation, which contributed to inhibiting of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of NFATc1. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) are two cytokines secreted mainly by osteoclast. (biomedcentral.com)
The osteoclast is a large, multinucleated cell that is differentiated from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). (nih.gov)
Many types of cells express RANKL to support osteoclastogenesis depending on the biological context and the dysregulation of RANKL signaling leads to bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. (nih.gov)
This review outlines the findings on osteoclast and RANKL/RANK signaling that have accumulated to date. (nih.gov)
Here we show that the in vivo administration of MPA triggers massive induction of the key osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) in mammary-gland epithelial cells. (nature.com)
Regulation of cancer cell migration and bone metastasis by RANKL. (nature.com)
Osteoclast differentiation is induced by the master osteoclastogenic factor, RANKL, which acts in concert with M-CSF and ITAM-mediated co-stimulatory signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding the mechanistic difference between RANKL-mediated physiological and TNF-mediated inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, and especially TNF-induced intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms, will strengthen the development of therapeutic approaches to treat pathological bone destruction in disease settings and prevent negative side effects on bone remodeling and immunity. (frontiersin.org)
The neighborhood proportion of RANKL:OPG is probable a significant determinant of OC function in vivo, although global entire bone tissue or serum ratios could be much less meaningful. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
We also found that rapid application of the osteoclast-activation factor RANKL converted many N osteoclasts to R, suggesting a novel point of action in RANKL-mediated control of mature osteoclast function. (jci.org)
Furthermore, we showed that Th17 cells, a subset of RANKL-expressing CD4 + T cells, could induce rapid N-to-R conversion of mature osteoclasts via cell-cell contact. (jci.org)
These findings provide new insights into the activities of mature osteoclasts in situ and identify actions of RANKL-expressing Th17 cells in inflammatory bone destruction. (jci.org)
Many osteopenic disorders, including a postmenopausal osteoporosis and lytic bone metastasis in breast and prostate cancers, are linked with a hyperosteoclast activity due to increased receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblastic/stromal cells. (hindawi.com)
We found that, of seven type I, II, and III saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum , saikosaponins A and D, type I saikosaponins with an allyl oxide linkage between position 13 and 28 and two carbohydrate chains that are directly attached to the hydroxyl groups in position 3, exhibited the most potent inhibition on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation at noncytotoxic concentrations. (hindawi.com)
Saikosaponins A and D inhibited the formation of resorptive pits by reducing the secreted levels of matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 2, MMP-9, and cathepsin K in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. (hindawi.com)
However, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the number of osteoclast cells (TRAP-positive multinucleated cells) were not changed by nSP treatment in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) at doses that did not induce cytotoxicity by silica particles. (springer.com)
Collectively, the results suggested that nanosilica exerts no effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, although a detailed mechanistic examination of the nSP70-mediated cytotoxic effect is needed. (springer.com)
RANKL-responsive epigenetic mechanism reprograms macrophages into bone-resorbing osteoclasts. (nih.gov)

These initial modeling results are extremely encouraging and lead us to proceed with additional explorations into bone turnover and skeletal remodeling. (cellml.org)
Osteoprotegerin inhibits osteolysis and decreases skeletal tumor burden in syngeneic and nude mouse models of experimental bone metastasis. (nature.com)
Bones are a key part of your skeletal system. (webmd.com)
It's also the main part of the bone that lends firmness and support to your skeletal system. (webmd.com)
There are many different conditions that can impact your skeletal system, and your bones in particular. (webmd.com)
There are certain cancers that can form inside of your bones and impact your skeletal system. (webmd.com)
However, an imbalance in osteoclasts and osteoblasts activities, mostly in favor of a hyperosteoclast activity, is responsible for pathophysiology of several skeletal diseases, including osteoporosis and metastatic bone diseases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Astronauts who spend a number of weeks in space have been shown to suffer from reduced bone mineral density, leading to skeletal problems. (titech.ac.jp)
In people with SPENCDI, increased bone breakdown contributes to the skeletal abnormalities, including irregularly shaped bones and short stature. (medlineplus.gov)
Skeletal muscle is attached by cord-like tendons to bone, such as in the legs, arms, and face. (kidshealth.org)
To assist in the evaluation of skeletal status, two markers of bone turnover are being measured: a) bone alkaline phosphatase, a formative marker in serum, and b) NTx, a resorptive marker in urine. (cdc.gov)

The TRAP enzyme primarily regulates the activity of a protein called osteopontin, which is produced in bone cells called osteoclasts and in immune cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Two versions (isoforms) of the TRAP enzyme are produced: TRAP5a is found primarily in immune cells and TRAP5b is found primarily in bone cells called osteoclasts. (medlineplus.gov)
Prolia works by blocking a protein called RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta) and helps prevent bone cells called osteoclasts from breaking down bone in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Furthermore, it is possible that nSP circulating in the blood can reach the alveolar bone, which is presented in the submucosal layer, as well as various cells such as macrophages and osteoblasts. (springer.com)
Like TRAP5b in bone cells, the TRAP5a enzyme inactivates osteopontin in macrophages and dendritic cells when it is no longer needed. (medlineplus.gov)

Previously, we reported that distinct murine osteoclast precursor subsets, such as early blasts (CD31hi Ly-6C−), myeloid blasts (CD31+ Ly-6C+), and monocytes (CD31− Ly-6Chi), respond differently to the osteoclastogenesis-inducing cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand. (vu.nl)
Osteoclasts are bone resorbing, multinucleate cells that differentiate from mononuclear macrophage/monocyte-lineage hematopoietic precursor cells. (jci.org)
Compared to saline treatments, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone marrow osteoclast precursor populations were also increased in ODE-treated WT but not IL-6 KO mice. (cdc.gov)
Long bones are formed from a cartilage model precursor by endochondral ossification (see the image below) and can range in size from a phalanx to a femur. (medscape.com)
Endochondral ossification of long bones through cartilage precursor. (medscape.com)

Inflammatory conditions have complex impacts on osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling ( 1 , 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
The present study demonstrated that OC-STAMP partners CD9 to promote periodontal bone destruction by up-regulation of fusion during osteoclastogenesis , suggesting that anti-OC-STAMP-mAb may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic regimen for periodontitis . (bvsalud.org)
We reported that p62 (sequestosome 1) serves as a signaling hub in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for the formation of signaling complexes, including NFκB, p38MAPK and JNK, that are involved in the increased osteoclastogenesis and multiple myeloma (MM) cell growth induced by BMSCs that are key contributors to multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD), and demonstrated that the ZZ domain of p62 (p62-ZZ) is required for BMSC enhancement of MMBD. (elsevierpure.com)
T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. (nih.gov)

Supplementation of osteoclast cultures from normal and XLA subjects with serum from XLA patients or recombinant inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α resulted in a stimulation of osteoclast activity in vitro, whereas the addition of cytokine-neutralizing antibodies inhibited this stimulatory effect, confirming that elevated inflammatory cytokines in XLA serum heightened osteoclast activity in vitro. (uea.ac.uk)
Firstly, the expression of HSP90α in osteoclast differentiation was detected by western blotting in vitro, then the effect of HSP90α inhibition on the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts was examined. (spandidos-publications.com)

They also displayed the ability to resorb bone. (edu.au)
Osteoclasts that resorb bone play an important role in bone remodelling. (springer.com)
Osteoclasts are specialized cells that break down and remove (resorb) bone tissue that is no longer needed. (medlineplus.gov)

It is unknown, however, how these cell types respond to the osteoclast-stimulating inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β. (vu.nl)
TNF (Tumor necrosis factor) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in immunity and inflammatory bone destruction. (frontiersin.org)
Our studies revealed that nSP induced high ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and these cellular responses may induce excess osteoclast differentiation. (springer.com)
This gene encodes a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. (nih.gov)

Pharmaceutical inhibition of osteoclast differentiation is a current therapeutic approach for the treatment of bone loss-related diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
However, inhibition of osteoclast formation via blocking RANK signaling can result in long-term bone remodeling defects. (frontiersin.org)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HSP90α involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and the process of osteoporosis. (spandidos-publications.com)

These results indicated that nSP did not cause differentiation of osteoclasts. (springer.com)
The main pathogenesis of OP is excessive proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, in which the peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway has a pivotal role. (spandidos-publications.com)
Inhibition of HSP90α could block the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts, and remit osteoporosis in mice. (spandidos-publications.com)

These were cultured on glass coverslips and on cortical bone slices in the presence of particles of latex, PMMA and titanium. (ox.ac.uk)
Unlike other durable structures, such as teeth, tendons, and cartilage, bone is continuously renewed by the process of bone remodeling in which pockets or trenches of bone are removed from the surfaces of the trabecular and cortical bone and subsequently replaced by new bone. (hindawi.com)
We found that XRK3F2 induces dramatic cortical bone formation that is restricted to MM containing bones and blocked the effects and upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), an osteoblast (OB) differentiation inhibitor that is increased in the MM bone marrow microenvironment and utilizes signaling complexes formed on p62-ZZ, in BMSC. (elsevierpure.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] The remainder of the blood supply is through nutrient vessels that pierce the cortex and supply the marrow cavity and the inner two thirds of the cortical bone. (medscape.com)
Most commonly associated with joint surfaces, it usually comprises a thin, compact bone shell with a large amount of bony struts (trabecular bone) for support of the cortical shell. (medscape.com)
The subchondral bone is not true cortical bone, in that it lacks some of the organization of cortical bone. (medscape.com)
Additionally, osteoblastomas can be classified according to the bone component involved as cortical, medullary or periosteal. (bvsalud.org)
The medullary and periosteal subtypes are more common in the jaw bones, while the cortical variant is frequently observed at extragnathic sites 2-3 . (bvsalud.org)

In our mouse model, systemic administration of anti-OC-STAMP-mAb suppressed the expression of CD9 mRNA , but not DC-STAMP mRNA , in periodontal tissue , along with diminished alveolar bone loss and reduced emergence of CD9+ OCps and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase -positive multinuclear OCs. (bvsalud.org)
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase deficiency causes a bone dysplasia with autoimmunity and a type I interferon expression signature. (medlineplus.gov)
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the osteoclast/immune cell dichotomy. (medlineplus.gov)

Mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) cause the B-cell disorder X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in humans, but the effect of Btk deficiency in human bone health has not been investigated previously. (uea.ac.uk)
Some variation exists, because humans may have different numbers of certain bones (eg, vertebrae and ribs). (medscape.com)

Osteoclasts are specialized as the only bone-resorbing cell type and increased numbers are implicated in the development of bone loss-accompanied diseases such as osteoporosis, periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteosarcoma, and bone cancer metastases [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Some diseases with symptoms of decreased bone density are osteoporosis, and rickets. (wikipedia.org)
Through direct and indirect pathways, prolonged ethanol exposure increases fracture risk by decreasing bone mineral density and promoting osteoporosis. (wikipedia.org)
Nevertheless, recent preclinical proof suggests an elevated risk of bone tissue metastasis due to IAP antagonists, along with prospect of promoting osteoporosis. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
An imbalance between OBs, the cells building bone tissue, and OCs, the cells resorbing bone tissue, is normally an integral feature of several diseases such as for example osteoporosis and osteopetrosis, and it is essential in many various other circumstances including tumor metastasis to bone tissue. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Thus, saikosaponins A and D can serve as a beneficial agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone loss. (hindawi.com)
Current medical treatment of osteoporosis and breast cancer bone metastasis is anti-bone resorptive agents, including bisphosphonates and denosumab [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, emerging therapies, including cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase, or nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src inhibitors, are being introduced for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and cancer bone metastasis. (hindawi.com)
Just the bare bones this week as we find out how exercise strengthens the skeleton and how new scanning techniques can help to pick up osteoporosis earlier and inform its. (thenakedscientists.com)
Calcitonin is used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women more than 5 years post menopause with low bone mass relative to healthy premenopausal females. (medscape.com)
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease that occurs most frequently in the elderly. (spandidos-publications.com)
In conclusion, these data indicated that the inhibition of HSP90α could block osteoclast formation and remit osteoporosis by reducing the nuclear import of PPARγ. (spandidos-publications.com)
BACKGROUND: Prolia is a prescription medicine approved in June 2010 to treat postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for bone fracture. (medlineplus.gov)
Prolia was later approved to treat men with osteoporosis, glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and in women receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
end of menstrual periods) who have an increased risk for fractures (broken bones) or who cannot take or did not respond to other medication treatments for osteoporosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Although it does not cause death, menopause can decrease quality of life and lead to degenerative diseases especially bone loss or osteoporosis [2]. (bvsalud.org)
Osteoporosis is characterized by bone mineral density (BMD), thus increasing bone fragility and fracture risk. (bvsalud.org)
In adolescence, the occurrence of bone fractures is a common event 2,3 , however due to trauma, not osteoporosis. (bvsalud.org)

As with other bisphosphonates, risedronate inhibits osteoclast formation and activity. (medscape.com)

Regarding the underlying mechanism, inhibition of HSP90α could block the nuclear import of PPARγ to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)

Bone is a dynamic, living tissue whose structure and shape continuously evolves during life. (cellml.org)
This is a semi-rigid tissue that covers bones where they touch one another. (webmd.com)
These make new bone tissue and help repair damage to your bones. (webmd.com)
Yellow bone marrow stores fat in the form of adipose tissue. (webmd.com)
Osteoclasts are prominent in the tissue destruction found in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatological disorders. (wikipedia.org)
Within this review, the bond between IAP antagonists, the choice NF-B pathway, osteoclasts, and bone tissue metastasis are talked about. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
In light of the ramifications of IAP antagonists over the bone tissue microenvironment, more interest ought to be paid to the and other web host tissue as these medications are created further. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
In regular, homeostatic conditions the actions of OBs and OCs are combined to maintain bone tissue mass. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Lately, the NF-B pathway continues to be found to try out major assignments in regulating bone tissue homeostasis. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Bone is a specialized connective tissue composed of both mineral and organic phases that is exquisitely designed for its role as the load-bearing structure of a body. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, other portions of bone tissue a little more distant from the interface, which establish direct contact with the implant, are also damaged during the drilling process, and therefore, they also need to be remodeled. (elsevier.es)
Now, Akira Kudo at Tokyo Tech, together with scientists across Japan, have shown that medaka fish reared on the International Space Station for 56 days experienced increased osteoclast activity - bone cells involved in the re-absorption of bone tissue - likely leading to a subsequent reduction of bone density. (titech.ac.jp)
Osteoclasts are responsible for the re-absorption of bone tissue, resulting in demineralisation and decalcification of the skeleton. (titech.ac.jp)
These cells are involved in bone remodeling, which is a normal process that replaces old bone tissue with new bone. (medlineplus.gov)
Bone-building continues throughout life, as a body constantly renews and reshapes the bones' living tissue. (kidshealth.org)
[ 1 ] All bones are encased in a soft tissue envelope known as the periosteum, which is vital for perfusion and nutrient supply to the outer third of the bone (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Histologically, this tumor is characterized by the deposition of bone tissue at different stages of maturation and the abundant presence of osteoblasts, which are often intimately associated with bone neoformation. (bvsalud.org)

These results show that the systemic IL-6 effector pathway mediates bone deterioration induced by repetitive inhalant ODE exposures through an effect on osteoclasts, but a positive role for IL-6 in the airway was not demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
Several other mutations associated with Paget disease have been identified, many affecting the RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B) signaling pathway that is critical for osteoclast generation and activity. (msdmanuals.com)

It is made up of a mesh-like network of tiny pieces of bone called trabeculae (truh-BEH-kyoo-lee). (kidshealth.org)

The model is also able to simulate metabolic bone diseases such as estrogen deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, senescence and glucocorticoid excess. (cellml.org)
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells and targets for treating bone diseases. (vu.nl)
Several diseases can result in disorders of bone mineralization, which can be defined as the process by which osteoid becomes calcified. (medscape.com)

1994). Bone mineralization and histomorphometry in biopsies of osteoporotic patients treated with fluoride. (fluoridealert.org)
Risedronate is a potent antiresorptive agent that does not affect bone mineralization. (medscape.com)
Degradation of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and DMP-1 and release of acidic serine-rich and aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM) peptides are chiefly responsible for the hypophosphatemic rickets mineralization defect and changes in osteoblast-osteoclast differentiation. (medscape.com)

In BMN-111 injected mice, tibial mRNAs for Rank ligand and osteoprotegrin were increased and decreased, respectively, whereas sclerostin mRNA was elevated 400-fold, consistent with increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. (tamu.edu)
With help of the astronauts aboard the ISS, the team extracted genetic material from the fish at different stages of the process, alongside monitoring osteoclast/osteoblast activity. (titech.ac.jp)

Muscle activity transmits a bone formation signal through the osteocyte. (medscape.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Osteoclast Activity and Bone Density in Morbidly Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (duke.edu)
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Osteoclast activity, bone mineral density. (duke.edu)
In addition to its effects on kidney and intestine, PTH increases the number and activity of osteoclasts. (wikipedia.org)
The increase in activity of already existing osteoclasts is the initial effect of PTH, and begins in minutes and increases over a few hours. (wikipedia.org)
GC-B7E/7E mice that express a GC-B mutant that cannot be inactivated by dephosphorylation exhibit increased CNP-dependent GC-B activity, which increases bone length, as well as bone mass and strength. (tamu.edu)
This thinning of bone was accompanied by an increase in the volume and activity of osteoclasts. (titech.ac.jp)
Their results show that osteoclast formation and activity in medaka fish increased after they spent more than two weeks in a microgravity environment. (titech.ac.jp)
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have shown how osteoclast volume and activity is enhanced in the upper and lower jaw bones of medaka fish after 56 days spent on the International Space Station. (titech.ac.jp)
Although a viral cause remains controversial, it is hypothesized that in genetically predisposed patients an as yet unidentified virus triggers abnormal osteoclast activity. (msdmanuals.com)
Estradiol is a type of estrogen that assists osteoblasts, suppresses cytokines, and inhibits osteoclast activity. (bvsalud.org)
Basketball is a collective dynamic sports activity, which includes significant mechanical impact on bones (running, jumping, quick changes of direction, etc.) and is performed predominantly at moderate and vigorous intensity (intermittent feature) 6 . (bvsalud.org)

The effects of RYGB on bone metabolism and bone health are largely unknown. (duke.edu)
the long-term clinical implications of this increased bone metabolism are unknown. (duke.edu)

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , 26 (1), 182-192. (uea.ac.uk)
The bone is an essential organ for locomotion and protection of the body, as well as hematopoiesis and mineral homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 5(Suppl 1):S205-15. (fluoridealert.org)
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 5(Suppl 1): S191-4. (fluoridealert.org)
The total bone mineral density was statistically unchanged within 1 year of intervention in both groups. (duke.edu)
Common treatments include drugs that increase bone mineral density. (wikipedia.org)
The effects of alcohol on bone mineral density (BMD) are well-known and well-studied in animal and human populations. (wikipedia.org)
Mineral apposition rates and trabecular bone mass were not elevated in response to BMN-111. (tamu.edu)
Because 9-week-old male GC-B7E/7E mice have increased bone mass but do not exhibit increased mineral apposition rates, we examined 4-week-old male GC-B7E/7E mice and found that these animals had increased serum osteocalcin, but not CTX. (tamu.edu)
Importantly, tibias from these mice had 37% more osteoblasts, 26% fewer osteoclasts as well as 36% and 40% higher mineral apposition and bone formation rates, respectively. (tamu.edu)
Under healthy physiological conditions, activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are tightly controlled by both systemic and local factors, maintaining bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture. (hindawi.com)
In contrast to DC-STAMP-knockout (KO) mice , which show the osteopetrotic phenotype , OC-STAMP-KO mice show no difference in systemic bone mineral density . (bvsalud.org)
Studies have shown that astronauts experience a significant drop in bone mineral density when they have been on space missions, but the exact molecular mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. (titech.ac.jp)
Kudo and his team found that bone mineral density in the pharyngeal bone (the jaw bone at the back of the throat) and the teeth of the fish reduced significantly, with decreased calcification by day 56 compared with the control group. (titech.ac.jp)
They performed X-ray analysis of the bones of the fish at day 56 to ascertain mineral density changes. (titech.ac.jp)
Utilizing micro-computed tomography, analysis of tibia showed that loss of bone mineral density, volume, and deterioration of bone micro-architecture, and mechanical strength induced by inhalant ODE exposures in WT mice were absent in IL-6 KO animals. (cdc.gov)
Bones are made up of a framework of a protein called collagen , with a mineral called calcium phosphate that makes the framework hard and strong. (kidshealth.org)
Ransjo, M and Lerner, U H ( 2001 ) In Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16 (Suppl. (lu.se)
To analyze the impact of basketball practice on bone mineral density of male adolescents. (bvsalud.org)
Bone mineral density was measured in different body segments (upper limbs, lower limbs, spine, and total) using the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry technique. (bvsalud.org)
The practice of basketball seems to affect bone mineral density gains in adolescents, mainly when the practice is prolonged. (bvsalud.org)

Elevated cGMP stimulates long bone growth, and inactivating mutations in CNP or GC-B reduce cGMP, which causes dwarfism. (tamu.edu)
Romosozumab is an uncoupling agent that both stimulates the formation of bone and acts as an antiresorptive. (medscape.com)

As a consequence, targeting RBP-J activities suppresses inflammatory bone destruction but does not significantly impact normal bone remodeling or inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
STING suppresses bone cancer pain via immune and neuronal modulation. (nih.gov)

In contrast to the bone turnover markers, the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were significantly elevated in XLA patients' serum compared with control individuals. (uea.ac.uk)
yet the mechanisms responsible for connecting the lung-bone inflammatory axis remain unclear. (cdc.gov)
IL-6 might be an important link in explaining the lung-bone inflammatory axis. (cdc.gov)
While pathogenetically the influx of immune and inflammatory cells signifies synovitis, its invasion into the adjacent bone and the consumption of cartilage constitute the destructive elements of the disease. (bmj.com)

Contrary to expectation, XLA patients did not exhibit increased bone density or alterations in serum markers of bone turnover, indicating that a potential compensation mechanism normalizes bone homeostasis. (uea.ac.uk)
OBJECTIVE: Determine the changes in osteoclast function and bone density 1 year after RYGB as compared with a control group undergoing a diabetes support and education program (DSE). (duke.edu)
The precise molecular mechanisms responsible for loss of bone density are not yet fully understood. (titech.ac.jp)
The team found subsequent reduction in bone density in the space fish compared with a control group of fish kept on Earth. (titech.ac.jp)

As a result, osteopontin is abnormally active, prolonging bone breakdown by osteoclasts and triggering abnormal inflammation and immune responses by immune cells. (medlineplus.gov)
This abnormal structure weakens the bone, despite bone enlargement and areas of bone sclerosis. (msdmanuals.com)

The present study investigates the effects of nSP on osteoclast differentiation and the relationship between particle size and these effects. (springer.com)

By binding to calcium salts, alendronate blocks the transformation of calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite and inhibits the formation, aggregation, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone. (medscape.com)

This model was conceived as the first step in a bone turnover modeling platform. (cellml.org)
Paget disease of bone is a chronic disorder of the adult skeleton in which bone turnover is accelerated in localized areas. (msdmanuals.com)
Bone turnover is accelerated at involved sites. (msdmanuals.com)

Continued elevation of PTH levels increases the abundance of osteoclasts. (wikipedia.org)
Importantly, how GC-B increases bone mass is not known. (tamu.edu)

However, these drugs do not prevent development of bone metastasis and also do not prolong survival [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Early blasts, myeloid blasts, and monocytes were sorted from mouse bone marrow cells using flow cytometry. (vu.nl)
Monocytes needed the longest time (95 h) for the generation of such large osteoclasts, but these cells had a longer life span (50 h). (vu.nl)
ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein were induced by 24 h at 2% O(2) in human primary osteoclasts, monocytes, and osteoblasts. (ox.ac.uk)
In contrast to authentic osteoclasts, MNC reacted with a monoclonal antibody (Mo1) which identifies an antigen present on myeloblasts, monocytes, granulocytes, and null cells from human peripheral blood and bone marrow. (elsevierpure.com)

Examples of bones that have red bone marrow include your pelvis, sternum, humerus, and femur. (webmd.com)

Osteoclasts containing particles were also calcitonin-receptor-positive and showed an inhibitory response to calcitonin. (ox.ac.uk)
Calcitonin has a greater effect in young children than in adults, and plays a smaller role in bone remodeling than PTH. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of continuous treatment with CT on the generation of osteoclasts and calcitonin receptor (CTR) expression in mouse bone marrow cultures. (edu.au)
Use of calcitonin-salmon injection is recommended in conjunction with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake to prevent the progressive loss of bone mass. (medscape.com)

Bones vary widely in size, ranging from the tiny inner ear bones that are responsible for transmitting mechanical sound waves to the sensory organs to the large (nearly 2 ft long) femur bone that is strong enough to withstand 30 times one's body weight. (medscape.com)
The bones most commonly affected are the pelvis, femur, and skull. (msdmanuals.com)

To investigate the validity of this claim we isolated human osteoclasts from giant-cell tumours of bone and rat osteoclasts from long bones. (ox.ac.uk)
Mature long bones have 3 distinct zones: epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The epiphysis is the region at the polar ends of long bones. (medscape.com)
This tumor is more common in young adults (mean age of 20 years) and mainly affects the spine, long bones, and metacarpal and metatarsal bones, in addition to facial bones including the jaws 1 . (bvsalud.org)

Interleukin 1β particularly accelerated proliferation of early blasts and the most small osteoclasts (3-5 nuclei) formed on plastic. (vu.nl)
Excessively active osteoclasts are often large and contain many nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)

The bone becomes more porous and fragile, exposing people to the risk of fractures. (wikipedia.org)

Moreover, there is also increasing interest in sclerostin, an osteocyte-secreted bone formation inhibitor, and its role in regulating local response to changes in the bone microenvironment. (ebi.ac.uk)

Osteoclast differentiation was measured by tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining and the TRAP solution assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Mature osteoclasts expressing TRAP-tdTomato signals ( A ), green fluorescent signals from high H + concentration ( B ), and merged images ( C ). Green fluorescent signals from the H + probes overlapped with static (low CDI, arrowheads) but not moving (high CDI, asterisk) osteoclasts, suggesting that former cells are secreting protons actively and resorbing bone tissues when observed in vivo. (jci.org)

Our findings demonstrate that osteoclasts are capable of phagocytosing particles of a wide range of size, including particles of polymeric and metallic biomaterials found in periprosthetic tissues, and that after particle phagocytosis, they remain fully functional, hormone-responsive, bone-resorbing cells. (ox.ac.uk)
These are strong tissues that connect your bones to one another. (webmd.com)
Here, we visualized fluorescently labeled mature osteoclasts in intact mouse bone tissues using intravital multiphoton microscopy. (jci.org)

RANK is essential for osteoclast and lymph node development. (nature.com)

These cells expressed only very low levels of CTR or CTR mRNA and were morphologically indistinguishable from osteoclast-like cells formed in control cultures. (edu.au)

Cells were cultured on plastic or on bone slices in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand, without or with interleukin 1β (0.1-10 ng/ml). (vu.nl)
Similar to bone-derived osteoclasts, MNC formed in long-term human bone marrow culture expressed osteoclast-specific antigens (detected by monoclonal antibodies 13c2 and 23c6) and did not express Fc receptors, T cell specific antigens, most myeloid antigens or mature macrophage antigens. (elsevierpure.com)

Recurrent mutation of the gene encoding sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) in Paget disease of bone. (msdmanuals.com)

Anatomy41

Organisms7

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs56

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Resorption70

Precursors4

Restoring osteoclast activity1

Osteocytes7

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts3

RANKL20

Skeletal11

Cells called osteoclasts3

Macrophages2

Precursor5

Osteoclastogenesis4

Vitro2

Resorb3

Cytokine4

Inhibition of osteoclast2

Regulation of osteoclast1

Differentiation of osteoclasts3

Cortical8

Tartrate-Resistant A3

Humans2

Osteoporosis18

Bisphosphonates1

Inhibit osteoclast1

Tissue17

Pathway2

Trabeculae1

Diseases3

Mineralization3

Osteoblast activity2

Activity12

Metabolism2

Mineral21

Stimulates2

Suppresses2

Inflammatory4

Density4

Abnormal2

Particle Size1

Inhibits1

Turnover3

Increases2

Metastasis1

Monocytes4

Humerus1

Calcitonin4

Femur2

Long bones4

Nuclei2

Fractures1

Osteocyte1

TRAP2

Tissues3

RANK1

MRNA1

Macrophage2

Paget Dise1