Certain tropane alkaloids such as cocaine and scopolamine are notorious for their psychoactive effects, related usage and cultural associations. (wikipedia.org)
Atropa belladonna is a medicinal plant and main commercial source of tropane alkaloids (TAs) including scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which are anticholine drugs widely used clinically. (bvsalud.org)
Tropane alkaloids (TA) including anisodamine, anisodine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine are a group of important anticholinergic drugs with rapidly increasing market demand, so it is significant to improve TA production by biotechnological approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
Hyoscyamine1
Anticholinergic drugs and deliriants: Atropine, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) Hyoscyamine, the levo-isomer of atropine, from henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) and the sorcerers' tree (Latua pubiflora). (wikipedia.org)
Pharmacological3
Particular tropane alkaloids such as these have pharmacological properties and can act as anticholinergics or stimulants. (wikipedia.org)
Some medicinal plants of Solanaceae are rich in tropane alkaloids(TAs), which have significant pharmacological activities. (bvsalud.org)
These pharmacological activities provide a reasonable explanation for the traditional therapeutic efficacy of tropane drugs. (bvsalud.org)
The same is also true of many other plants belonging to subfamily Solanoideae of the Solanaceae, the alkaloids being concentrated particularly in the leaves and seeds. (wikipedia.org)
The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae edited by Hawkes, J.G., Lester, R.N. and Skelding, A.D. (Linnean Society Symposium Series Number 7) Published for the Linnean Society of London by Academic Press 1979 ISBN 0-12-333150-1 Eich, Prof. Dr. Eckhart, 2008, Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae: Secondary Metabolites - Biosynthesis, Chemotaxonomy, Biological and Economic Significance (A Handbook) pub. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds2
Background: Since alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds, the availability of nitrogen [N] is expected to play an important role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in plants. (bvsalud.org)
However, the biosynthesis of these compounds is incompletely understood because many of the downstream enzymatic steps have yet to be resolved. (bvsalud.org)
Hairy1
This review aims to provide practical references for synthetic biologists and highlight the great commercial potential of plant chassis biosynthesis, such as hairy roots. (bvsalud.org)
Roots1
We propose that ERF1A, CYP90G1-1 and CYP76AH1 are specifically involved in the key steps of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in V. maackii roots. (bvsalud.org)
Greatly1
However, the concentration of alkaloids can vary greatly, even from leaf to leaf and seed to seed. (wikipedia.org)
Plant2
Stimulants and cocaine-related alkaloids: Cocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) Ecgonine, a precursor and metabolite of cocaine Benzoylecgonine, a metabolite of cocaine Hydroxytropacocaine, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) Methylecgonine cinnamate, from coca plant (Erythroxylum coca) Catuabines, found in catuaba, an infusion or dry extract made from Erythroxylum vaccinifolium Scopine Synthetic analogs of tropane alkaloids also exist, such as the phenyltropanes. (wikipedia.org)
Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
Analysis2
Collinearity analysis shows that the collinear BGC segments can be traced back to early-diverging angiosperms, and the essential gene-encoding enzymes necessary for BAT biosynthesis are recruited before the splitting of Aesculus, Acer, and Xanthoceras. (bvsalud.org)
Our data represent the first cross-species analysis of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Veratrum and indicate that the metabolic properties of V. maackii and V. nigrum are broadly conserved despite their distinct alkaloid profiles. (bvsalud.org)
Important1
Putrescine N -methyltransferase (PMT) was considered as the first rate-limiting upstream enzyme while tropinone reductase I (TRI) was an important branch-controlling enzyme involved in TA biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
High2
The biosynthesis of the tropane alkaloids have attracted intense interest because of their high physiological activity as well as the presence of the bicyclic tropane core. (wikipedia.org)
Digital expression patterns results suggested that the 4 genes including ODC, ADC, AIH and CPA involved in the upstream pathway of TAs, and the 2 branch pathway genes including SPDS and TRII were found to be expressed in all the detected tissues with high expression level in secondary root. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolites3
Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic [3.2.1] alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. (wikipedia.org)
The Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae edited by Hawkes, J.G., Lester, R.N. and Skelding, A.D. (Linnean Society Symposium Series Number 7) Published for the Linnean Society of London by Academic Press 1979 ISBN 0-12-333150-1 Eich, Prof. Dr. Eckhart, 2008, Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae: Secondary Metabolites - Biosynthesis, Chemotaxonomy, Biological and Economic Significance (A Handbook) pub. (wikipedia.org)
The hairy root culture technique can be used to increase secondary metabolites such as tropane alkaloids. (bvsalud.org)
The study demonstrated the potential of nano-silver as an elicitor for promoting the production of target alkaloids in Hyoscyamus muticus hairy root cultures, which exhibit high biological activity. (bvsalud.org)
Activity1
In transgenic hairy root cultures, AgNPs application at a concentration of 100 mg/L resulted in the highest total tropane alkaloid production, which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. (bvsalud.org)