• Cholesterol metabolism pathways - are the intermediates more important than the products? (swan.ac.uk)
  • The major route of cholesterol metabolism is conversion to bile acids. (swan.ac.uk)
  • Defective cholesterol metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by: Eylan Yutuc, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
  • Imaging Sterols and Oxysterols in Mouse Brain Reveals Distinct Spatial Cholesterol Metabolism by: Eylan Yutuc, et al. (swan.ac.uk)
  • Consequently, the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as part of the cholesterol metabolism is prevented in these adults. (nature.com)
  • Wild-type IDI1 and cholesterol metabolism related serological parameters are normal in all adults. (nature.com)
  • Human IDI2 is expressed only in skeletal-myocellular peroxisomes and instant spikes in isoprene exhalation during muscle activity underpins its origin from muscular lipolytic cholesterol metabolism. (nature.com)
  • The liver X-receptors (LXRs) act as cholesterol sensors and participate in the regulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. (scirp.org)
  • Morpholino knock down of lxr resulted in an overall impaired lipid deposition as determined by oil red O staining particularly in the head and around the eyes, and to significantly elevated levels of both total and free cholesterol in the yolk of lxr morphant embryos. (scirp.org)
  • The expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism was also changed in the lxr morphants. (scirp.org)
  • G. Hoffmann, K. M. Gibson, I. K. Brandt, P. I. Bader, R. S. Wappner and L. Sweetman, "Mevalonic Aciduria-An Inborn Error of Cholesterol and Nonsterol Isoprene Biosynthesis," New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 314, No. 25. (scirp.org)
  • Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare genetic metabolic disorder of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism that results in systemic and neurologic abnormalities. (faoj.org)
  • C erebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive lipid-storage disease secondary to a disruption in cholesterol metabolism caused by a mutation in the sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) gene [1,2]. (faoj.org)
  • cholesterol is a lipid of Sterol Lipids (ST) class. (cmdm.tw)
  • Amphotericin B lipid complex or amphotericin B multiple-dose administration to rabbits with elevated plasma cholesterol levels: pharmacokinetics in plasma and blood, plasma lipoprotein levels, distribution in tissues, and renal toxicities. (cmdm.tw)
  • Biliary lipid composition in cholesterol microlithiasis. (cmdm.tw)
  • Lipid Panel Blood Test With Total Cholesterol: HDL R. (walkinlab.com)
  • A cholesterol test is often referred to as a lipid panel or lipid profile and is used to measure lipids-fats and fatty substances used as a source of energy by your body. (walkinlab.com)
  • Overview of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Disorders. (tempsite.ws)
  • There are several disorders of pyrimidine metabolism (see the table). (tempsite.ws)
  • Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism Disorder Defective Enzyme Comments. (tempsite.ws)
  • Disorders that involve abnormalities of nucleotide metabolism range from relatively common diseases such as hyperuricemia and gout, in which there is increased production or impaired excretion of a metabolic end product of purine metabolism (uric acid), to rare enzyme deficiencies that affect purine and pyrimidine synthesis or degradation. (tempsite.ws)
  • Disorders in the metabolism of pyrimidine are mostly caused by enzyme defects (highlighted in pink, one disease is depicted in orange, since there appears to be no clinical difference between type 2 and 1 of orotic aciduria, therefore researchers believe that type 2 does not exist officially). (tempsite.ws)
  • Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Rebecca S. Wappner PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are important constituents of RNA, DNA, nucleotide sugars, and other high-energy compounds and of cofactors such as adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. (tempsite.ws)
  • Background: Clinical presentation and disease severity in disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism vary considerably. (tempsite.ws)
  • Peroxisome biogenesis disorders: Biological, clinical and pathophysiological perspectives. (medscape.com)
  • Carbohydrate metabolism, inborn errors refer to genetic disorders that affect the body's ability to properly process carbohydrates, leading to various metabolic disorders. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this section you will find information about how this synaptic metabolism could be defined and how it is affected by different neuropaediatric disorders including inborn errors of metabolism. (connectingthegrowingbrain.com)
  • RESULTS: AIA mice suffered from inflammatory adipokines-mediated metabolism and immune disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • Biochemical genetic testing and newborn screening are essential laboratory services for the screening, detection, diagnosis, and monitoring of inborn errors of metabolism or inherited metabolic disorders. (cdc.gov)
  • Her current research has been concerned with applications of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics approaches (GC-MS and LC-MS) for the study of the alterations in the lipidome associated to fatty acid ß-oxidation disorders, an inborn error of metabolism. (cienciavitae.pt)
  • Nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and catabolism. (up.ac.za)
  • Here we discuss the biological activity of the different intermediates generated in the various bile acid biosynthesis pathways. (swan.ac.uk)
  • We put forward the hypothesis that the acidic pathway of bile acid biosynthesis has primary evolved to generate signalling molecules and its utilisation by hepatocytes provides an added bonus of producing bile acids to aid absorption of lipids in the intestine. (swan.ac.uk)
  • Shot- gun lipidomics approach displays unique changes in lipids biosynthesis in centenarians, with 41 differently abundant lipid species with respect to elderly subjects. (aging-us.com)
  • In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic defects involving enzymes essential for pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism have provided new insights into the vital physiological functions of these molecules in addition to nucleic acid synthesis. (tempsite.ws)
  • Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular metabolism consists of numerous interconnected pathways that are catalyzed by enzymes in a series of stepwise biochemical reactions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Cellular metabolism, involving the synthesis and breakdown of complex organic molecules, requires harmonious coordination of the various enzymes, biochemical reactions, and so forth. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The instructions for building nearly all the enzymes involved in metabolism are stored as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus of the cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • inborn errors of metabolism are caused by mutant genes that produce abnormal enzymes whose function is altered. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This study was aimed at investigating the effects of quercetin on mRNA expression and activity of critical enzymes in homocysteine metabolism in rats fed a methionine-enriched diet. (hindawi.com)
  • Liver enzymes and a lipid panel found no abnormalities except for an elevated cholestanol level of 25.8 ug/mL (normal value is 4.2 +/- 1.2 ug/mL). (faoj.org)
  • She has been conducted research work in the field of structural characterization of lipids, from different matrices (human cells and biofluids), using lipidomics approaches. (cienciavitae.pt)
  • Lipidomics studies are planned to study lipids metabolism in the fetus and during pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. (irpcds.org)
  • 7] The enzyme L-gluconolactone oxidase, which would usually catalyze the conversion of L-gluconogammalactone to L-ascorbic acid, is defective due to a mutation or inborn error in carbohydrate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Considering the particular actions of these metabolites, these data are suggestive of a better counteractive antioxidant capacity and a well-developed membrane lipid remodelling process in the healthy aging phenotype. (aging-us.com)
  • Metabolomics is the study of cells, tissues or biological fluids by evaluating their metabolites as many as possible. (jri.ir)
  • Metabolites are the final products of cellular processes and can be considered as the last reactions to biological arrangements of ecological alterations. (jri.ir)
  • The sequences of metabolites created by a biological organization comprise their "metabolome" (6, 7). (jri.ir)
  • biocrates provides MetaboINDICATOR™, a software tool that calculates sums and ratios of metabolites, termed metabolism indicators, to provide meaningful insights for the analysis and interpretation of targeted metabolomic and lipidomic datasets. (biocrates.com)
  • The first prerequisite to use these indicators at their full potential is to use quantitative targeted metabolomic and lipidomic data, such as that provided by the MxP® Quant 500 kit from biocrates.Together, the MxP® Quant 500 kit and MetaboINDICATOR™ enable the measurement of more than 860 quantitative metabolic features (630 metabolites and lipids + 232 metabolism indicators). (biocrates.com)
  • We used stable isotope tracers and high resolution-mass spectrometry techniques to describe lipids and metabolites profile and surfactant specific proteins metabolism and amounts in different disease in children and adults. (irpcds.org)
  • The overall reaction for one cycle of beta oxidation is: Cn-acyl-CoA + FAD + NAD+ + H 2O + CoA → Cn-2-acyl-CoA + FADH 2 + NADH + H+ + acetyl-CoA Free fatty acids cannot penetrate any biological membrane due to their negative charge. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, fatty acids with an odd number of carbons are found in the lipids of plants and some marine organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study of fatty acid metabolism gained importance during the 1970s when investigators and clinicians recognized patients who appeared to have genetic defects in this area. (medscape.com)
  • In 1973, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) deficiency became the first fatty acid metabolism condition to be defined. (medscape.com)
  • Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
  • Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms. (tempsite.ws)
  • Human diseases that involve abnormalities in purine metabolism include gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, adenosine deaminase deficiency, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. (tempsite.ws)
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with genetic and nutritional abnormalities in Hcy metabolism and has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and several other diseases [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • L. Wang, G. U. Schuster, K. Hultenby, Q. Zhang, S. Andersson and J. A. Gustafsson, "Liver X Receptors in the Central Nervous System: From Lipid Homeostasis to Neuronal Degeneration," Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences of the USA, 15 October 2002, pp. 13878-13883. (scirp.org)
  • The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways among vastly different species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1908, physician Sir Archibald Garrod coined the term "inborn errors of metabolism" to suggest that defects in specific biochemical pathways were due to an inadequate supply or a lack of a given enzyme. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Glia is also very important to the regulation of glycolitic pathways, lactate and glutamate metabolism among other functions. (connectingthegrowingbrain.com)
  • The predefined metabolism indicators are automatically calculated in MetIDQ™ and can improve statistical power of analysis, facilitate biological interpretation, and provide links to biochemical pathways (Figure 1). (biocrates.com)
  • Such reactions are involved in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism as well as in the metabolic conversion of vitamins B 6 and B 9 into their biologically active forms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therapeutic agents directed against nucleotide metabolism. (up.ac.za)
  • Nevertheless, it has been shown that in nucleated cells, P5′N‐1 deficiency results in abnormal pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism (Hopkinson et al, 1990). (tempsite.ws)
  • 1) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (pages 6-7) The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a sex linked defect of the Hypoxanthine, guanine, phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) gene … Nucleotide Metabolism is an important issue in medical studies and therefore you can learn in this biochemistry article everything about purine & pyrimidines. (tempsite.ws)
  • NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM Mark Rush Nucleotides serve various metabolic functions. (tempsite.ws)
  • Biochemistry of lipids, membrane structure, anabolism and catabolism of lipids. (up.ac.za)
  • Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glucose-induced activation of DAG/PKC signaling in microsomes was not associated with a change in the translocation of Glut-4 transporters from microsomes to the plasma membrane, a biological response that is known to be stimulated by agonists, e.g., phorbol esters, which increase DAG/PKC signaling in plasma membranes, as well as in microsomes. (jci.org)
  • Homocysteine (Hcy) is a nonprotein amino acid, derived from methionine (Met) metabolism [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a treatable inherited error of metabolism causing mental retardation. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Public health programs around the world screen infants shortly after birth for monogenetic inborn errors of treatable metabolic conditions. (biocrates.com)
  • Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. (lookformedical.com)
  • It is caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of the HEXOSAMINIDASE A resulting in lipid-laden ganglion cells. (curehunter.com)
  • Impact of nutritional lipids and vascular factors in Alzheimer's Disease - a study of transgenic Alzheimer mice. (radboudimaging.nl)
  • E. J. Flynn, C. M. Trent and J. F. Rawls, "Ontogeny and Nutritional Control of Adipogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)," Journal of LIPID Research, Vol. 50, No. 8, 2009, pp. 1641-1652. (scirp.org)
  • Effect of long term simvastatin administration as an adjunct to ursodeoxycholic acid: evidence for a synergistic effect on biliary bile acid composition but not on serum lipids in humans. (cmdm.tw)
  • Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy of blood plasma or serum lipid extracts can be used to correctly identify and quantify lipids, including unusual lipids in the blood of patients with inborn errors of lipid metabolism, which could be applicable in clinical diagnosis and follow up. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, NMR metabonomics profiling of serum revealed that centenarians are characterized by a metabolic phenotype distinct from that of elderly subjects, in particular regarding amino acids and lipid species. (aging-us.com)
  • An iron serum test aids in the evaluation of many conditions involving red cell production and destruction, iron metabolism, or iron transport. (walkinlab.com)
  • Our data show that lxr is an important component of the regulatory network governing the lipid homeostasis during zebrafish development, which in turn may support a role of lxr for normal development of the central nervous sytem, including the retina. (scirp.org)
  • Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much less attention has been placed on characterizing the biological events associated with the clinical resolution of severe COVID-19, even though understanding disease resolution at the molecular and cellular level might contribute new targets of therapeutic interventions against severe COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cellular trafficking is essential to maintain critical biological functions. (connectingthegrowingbrain.com)
  • Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some severe diseases, such as many of the lipid storage diseases, currently have no effective therapy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Studies on preterm and newborn infants' nutrition (focused on parenteral nutrition) are also ongoing with important results obtained describing the metabolism of lipids components and their relationship with the diseases. (irpcds.org)
  • In addition to its intrinsic importance in the use of alternative fuels, the process of beta-oxidation clearly illustrates the role of vitamin cofactors in metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • In its biologically active forms, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), the vitamin plays key metabolic roles as an intermediate in the transfer of electrons in biological oxidation-reduction reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings reveal phospho/sphingolipids as putative markers and biological modulators of healthy aging, in humans. (aging-us.com)
  • Clinical Significances of Pyrimidine Metabolism. (tempsite.ws)
  • MetaboINDICATOR™ is incorporated directly into the MetIDQ™ software from biocrates to easily calculate sums and ratios with high relevance to biological and clinical applications. (biocrates.com)
  • The cell forms the fundamental basis of all the biological sciences and life. (kopykitab.com)
  • Journal of Biological Sciences, 14: 1-19. (scialert.net)
  • These N-acylglycines have been detected in the CNS in mammals and are linked to several important biological roles including antinociception, anti-inflammation, proliferative control, intracellular calcium mobilization, insulin release, body temperature regulation, locomotion, nitric oxide production in sensory neurons, and skin aging. (avantilipids.com)
  • The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3. Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical methods of the taxonomy of animals. (teachersbadi.in)
  • Metabolism (/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)