• Since cytokine receptor proteins lack enzymatic activity, they are dependent upon JAKs to initiate signaling upon binding of their ligands (e.g. cytokines). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ras signaling can be thought of in simple terms as occuring downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, triggered by association of adaptor proteins with the phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of these receptors. (sdbonline.org)
  • The 2022 William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic Immunology was shared by Drs. Vishva Dixit, Judy Lieberman, Feng Shao, and Hao Wu in recognition of the importance of their discoveries regarding gasdermins, the proteins that rip open cell membranes during an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. (cancerresearch.org)
  • Environmental factors that can detect specific IgE antibodies against most low-molecular- affect the initiation of occupational asthma include the intrinsic weight agents has resulted in a search for alternative or characteristics of causative agents as well as the influence of the complementary physiopathologic mechanisms leading to airway level and route of exposure at the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • In genomic pathways, calcitriol binds to intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR), which subsequently heterodimerizes with another nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR). (jcancer.org)
  • The heterodimer binds to vitamin D response element in target genes and leads to gene transcription regulation ( 1 ). (jcancer.org)
  • As a member of the TNF family , LT-α binds to various receptors and activates the NF-κB pathway , thus promoting immune regulation through the innate immune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • The OKT4 antibody binds to the D3 domain of CD4 and does not block HIV binding. (biolegend.com)
  • Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin, an intracellular protein, which, in turn, prevents formation of interleukin 2 and the subsequent recruitment of activated T cells. (medscape.com)
  • M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. (meddic.jp)
  • The gene IFNGR1 encodes IFN-γR1, which is the ligand-binding chain (alpha) of the heterodimeric gamma interferon receptor, which is found on macrophages . (wikidoc.org)
  • The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. (edu.au)
  • MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. (edu.au)
  • Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
  • CD4, also known as T4, is a 55 kD single-chain type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on most thymocytes, a subset of T cells, and monocytes/macrophages. (biolegend.com)
  • The colony stimulating factor 1 ( CSF1 ), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ), is a secreted cytokine which influences hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. (meddic.jp)
  • M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. (meddic.jp)
  • [3] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity. (meddic.jp)
  • Global Gene Expression Profiling and Tissue Microarray Reveal Novel Candidate Genes and Down-Regulation of the Tumor Suppressor Gene CAV1 in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas. (uib.no)
  • Inherited genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes, encoding various cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory regulators, have become a subject of interest of genetic studies searching for independent predictors of GVHD development and HSCT outcome [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent advances have been made in the of host factors, polymorphisms, and candidate genes associated characterization of the immune response to low-molecular- with occupational asthma may improve our understanding of weight agents. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies in my early career included discovery of CD32/FcgammaRIIa and creation of the first monoclonal antibody against this FcR. (rochester.edu)
  • Infliximab is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist that is a chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody. (medscape.com)
  • NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Growth factors and cytokines produced by the cells of hematopoietic origin use Jak kinases for signal transduction in both immune and nonimmune cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • NK cells contribute to early defenses against viruses through their inborn abilities that include sensing of PAMPs and inflammatory signals such as cytokines or chemokines, recognition, and killing of infected cells through activating surface receptors engagement. (frontiersin.org)
  • Effector CD4 + T cell subsets have been defined based on their secretion of cytokines, as well as based on transcription factors and cytokines required for their development and maintenance. (jci.org)
  • [15] The production of NF-kB1 and ReIA increases rates of gene transcription of cytokines and inflammatory-inducing molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • The N-terminal C2a domain has been shown to bind phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner (Fukuda, 1996 and Fukuda, 1997), while the role of the C2b domain remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)
  • JAK3 is involved in signal transduction by receptors that employ the common gamma chain (γc) of the type I cytokine receptor family (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon performing GO analysis, we found that some DEGs correlated with an integral part of membrane, protein complex, cell surface, ATP binding, immune system process, signal transduction and metabolic process which are responsible for the epididymal injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD4, a member of the Ig superfamily, recognizes antigens associated with MHC class II molecules and participates in cell-cell interactions, thymic differentiation, and signal transduction. (biolegend.com)
  • Most Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have N-terminal signal peptides and are secreted from cells, allowing binding to and activation of their cell surface receptors (FGFRs). (biologists.com)
  • Nanoparticles with sizes in the 1 - 100 nm range,comparable to the sizes of naturally occurring biological molecules, are very attractive materials for manipulating biological structures and systems. (boisestate.edu)
  • Upon infection many viruses, including Herpesviruses, target T cell function via specific interactions with TCR and HLA-I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
  • Edelman's Nobel Prize-winning research concerned discovery of the structure of antibody molecules. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules: implications for a molecular histology. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules in early chicken embryogenesis. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Binding of neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) to the cellular prion protein. (academicinfluence.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
  • The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In vivo and in vitro specificity of protein tyrosine kinases for immunoglobulin G receptor (FcgammaRII) phosphorylation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Insulin, after binding its receptor, induces the phosphorylation of receptor substrates in the liver and muscles, and induces several steps toward the transactivation of GLUT-4, which increases glucose uptake by cells and its storage as glycogen, and inhibits the net production of glucose by the liver, thus blocking glycogenolysis and neoglycogenesis. (isciii.es)
  • Human high-affinity Fc gamma RI (CD64) gene mapped to chromosome 1q21.2-q21.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography, and conjugated with APC/Cyanine7 under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)
  • Epithelial Jak3 is important for the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell survival, cell growth, development, and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
  • The broad spectrum anti-tumor effects of calcitriol and analogs are mostly based on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (jcancer.org)
  • The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. (jci.org)
  • TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23 promote the differentiation of Th17 cells. (jci.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling controls a vast array of biological processes including cell differentiation and migration, wound healing and malignancy. (biologists.com)
  • We demonstrate that the Drosophila FGFs have different activities and that cell migration and differentiation have different ligand requirements. (biologists.com)
  • In embryos, these functions include mesoderm induction and patterning, cell growth, migration and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • As a signaling molecule, LT-α is involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation , differentiation , and apoptosis . (wikidoc.org)
  • Here, they undergo antigen-driven clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma and memory cells. (rupress.org)
  • Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule purified from embryonic brain membranes. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Acute clozapine exposure in vivo induces lipid accumulation and marked sequential changes in the expression of SREBP, PPAR, and LXR target genes in rat liver. (uib.no)
  • HcZrt2, a zinc responsive gene, is indispensable for the survival of Histoplasma capsulatum in vivo. (uc.edu)
  • Resolution of these problems has been approached in Drosophila by carrying out an in vivo functional analysis of Drosophila Gap1 in the context of cone cell determination in the developing Drosophila eye. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Receptor mobility and receptor-cytoplasmic interactions in lymphocytes. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
  • Beta-agonists, by increasing cAMP levels in the cell, can elevate the expression of CD40L protein on T cells from asthmatics. (boisestate.edu)
  • Age-dependent association between protein expression of the embryonic stem cell marker Cripto-1 and survival of glioblastoma patients. (uib.no)
  • Microtubule-Severing ATPase Spastin in Glioblastoma: Increased Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines and Inverse Roles in Cell Motility and Proliferation. (uib.no)
  • In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK and its regulation of cell surface GLUT3 expression is critical in mediating neuronal tolerance to excitotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we identify two stage-specific enhancers: the proximal enhancer mediates the constitutive CCL5 expression during the steady state, while the distal enhancer located 1.35 Mb from the promoter induces CCL5 expression in activated cells. (nature.com)
  • Deletion of the proximal enhancer decreases CCL5 expression and augments the cytotoxic activity of tissue-resident T and NK cells, which coincides with reduced melanoma metastasis in mouse models. (nature.com)
  • Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
  • Other studies reported that some cancer cells could repress their own CCL5 expression to hinder migration of anticancer immune cells toward cancer sites 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
  • Hence, it is a valuable source to identify the expression of all genes with a specific time and space in the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To introduce altered Drosophila Gap1 transgenes into flies, the sevenless ( sev ) enhancer/promoter cassette, an eye-specific promoter, was used to drive expression in cone cell precursors at appropriate levels. (sdbonline.org)
  • Expression of one copy of wild type Gap1 under control of the sev enhancer/ promoter cassette ( sevGap1 ) rescues the complete loss-of-function eye phenotype, while creating no phenotypic defects when placed in a wild type background containing two copies of the endogenous Gap1 gene. (sdbonline.org)
  • By contrast, high levels of Gap1 expression under sev enhancer/promoter control using amplification by the UAS/GAL4 system in an otherwise wild type background results in a rough eye phenotype due to loss of photoreceptors (Rørth, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
  • Furthermore, these FGF ligands are not regulated solely by differential expression, but the sequences of these linked genes have evolved to serve different functions. (biologists.com)
  • Our data have provided evidence for a comparable prediction of clinical outcome in CMF-treated breast cancer patients using conventional clinical variables and gene expression based markers. (lu.se)
  • This protocol is amenable not only for detection and quantification purposes but also to study the expression of markers of numerous biological processes or tissue-specificity. (oncotarget.com)
  • The detection of GPR15 in the colon suggests it may be important for transmission of HIV and SIV, and the authors speculate that the high expression in the colon suggests it may be present in non-lymphoid cells [ 11 ]. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Turnock-Jones JJ, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Cluderay JE, Cilia J, Reid JL, Taylor A , Jones DN, Emson PC , Southam E. Increased expression of the NR2A NMDA receptor subunit in the prefrontal cortex of rats reared in isolation. (neurotree.org)
  • A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
  • Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
  • The directed expression of alpha-synuclein , a gene contributing to inherited forms of Parkinson disease (PD), in the dopaminergic neurons (DA) of flies provides a robust model of PD complete with the loss of neurons and accompanying motor defects. (sdbonline.org)
  • and d) impaired expression of PPAR γ receptors. (isciii.es)
  • ENU during the final week of gestat the rapidly changing patterns of gene In both the fetus and the pregnant ion is approximately 50 times that of expression in fetal target tissues, female rat, the target organ for single the mother. (who.int)
  • CDR2 antigen and Yo antibodies. (uib.no)
  • T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
  • Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we report that when mice lacking the RelA subunit of NF-κB are brought to term by breeding onto a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1-deficient background, the mice that are born lack lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and an organized splenic microarchitecture, and have a profound defect in T cell-dependent antigen responses. (rupress.org)
  • T cells are primed by antigen-presenting cells in the T cell zones of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of the spleen, the paracortex of LNs, and the dome area of Peyer's patches (PPs) * lining the intestine. (rupress.org)
  • Primed T cells and antigen-activated B cells then migrate into the primary follicles where they associate with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), giving rise to germinal centers (GCs). (rupress.org)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were determined as the cellular effectors of GVHD, and the key role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in T-lymphocyte activation was established during the following years [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • They are cytosolic tyrosine kinases that are specifically associated with cytokine receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with an autoimmune component that is characterised by activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, which enter the central nervous system (CNS) and cause destruction of myelin producing cells and neurons leading to the formation of inflammatory lesions. (nature.com)
  • First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • Preferential and reversible inhibition of T lymphocytes in G0 or G1 phase of cell cycle has been suggested. (medscape.com)
  • Disseminated BCG mutations in the rpoB gene in rifampin- caseating granulomas, and tubercu- resistant Neisseria meningitidis selected in infection as a result of TB vaccination lous lymphadenitis was suggested vitro in a stepwise manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • Description: Agonist activity determined in vitro, measuring calcium response in CHO-K1 cells expressing hGPR15 and Aequorin. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • C1QBP knockdown and overexpression cells were established via lentiviral infection and subjected to apoptosis and ROS assay in vitro . (medsci.org)
  • Drosophila melanogaster presents a simpler model system in which to study FGF signaling, with only three ligands and two FGF receptors (FGFRs) identified. (biologists.com)
  • rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Whilst IFN-γ is typically considered to be a pro-inflammatory product of effector T cells, it has been also been demonstrated that IFN-γ −/− mice develop more severe EAE than wild type (WT) controls 5 , highlighting alternate, IFN-γ-dependant negative feedback mechanisms that can constrain EAE disease activity. (nature.com)
  • The major mechanisms of recognition and effector responses employed by NK cells against Herpesviruses, related to their genomic organization will be addressed, including those allowing NK cells to generate memory-like responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • STAT1-deficient effector T cells became the target of NK cell-mediated killing, limiting their capacity to induce EAE. (jci.org)
  • IL-2 plays a role in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) homeostasis through concentration-dependent regulation of IEC proliferation and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • [15] Activation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB ultimately leads to various cellular fates, including cell proliferation and cell death. (wikidoc.org)
  • By interacting with its membrane receptor (CSF1R or M-CSF-R encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene), M-CSF also modulates the proliferation of earlier hematopoietic progenitors and influence numerous physiological processes involved in immunology, metabolism, fertility and pregnancy. (meddic.jp)
  • As JAK3 is expressed in hematopoietic and epithelial cells, its role in cytokine signaling is thought to be more restricted than other JAKs. (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] [2] Belonging to the hematopoietic cell line, LT-α exhibits anti-proliferative activity and causes the cellular destruction of tumor cell lines. (wikidoc.org)
  • Analyses of TNFR1/RelA-deficient embryonic tissues and of radiation chimeras suggest that the dependence on RelA is manifest not in hematopoietic cells but rather in radioresistant stromal cells needed for the development of secondary lymphoid organs. (rupress.org)
  • Targeted gene deletion and radiation chimera analyses have provided insights into the molecular machinery underlying the development of secondary lymphoid organs, emphasizing the importance of crosstalk between hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. (rupress.org)
  • DTCs occupy the hematopoietic stem cell niche within the bone marrow [ 5 ], often remaining dormant for years before becoming reactivated, leading to cancer recurrence [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Graft versus host disease (GVHD), a severe immunogenic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), represents the most frequent cause of transplant-related mortality (TRM). (hindawi.com)
  • Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the only curative modality for many hematological disorders. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, non-genomic actions may indirectly affect gene transcription via the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways that target transcription factors ( 3 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and apoptosis are closely related to sperm quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a cytotoxic protein, LT-α causes the destruction of cancerous cell lines, activates signaling pathways, and effectively kills transformed tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Formation of LT-α 1 -β 2 complex enables binding to LT-β receptors and subsequent activation of signaling pathways. (wikidoc.org)
  • Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
  • Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • 1). According to results of a bioinformatics analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) function is divided into three categories: cellular component, molecular function and biological process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using gene manipulation strategies, we reveal for the first time that Cav-1 plays an essential role in CSC regulation and aggressiveness of SWCNT-transformed cells partly through p53 dysregulation, consistent with their suggested role by microarray and gene ontology analysis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Zinc Induces Dendritic Cell Tolerogenic Phenotype and Skews Regulatory T Cell-Th17 Balance. (uc.edu)
  • Among Jaks, Jak3 is widely expressed in both immune cells and in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of both humans and mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1 CD4-Cre ), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3 + Tregs. (jci.org)
  • Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1 CD4-Cre mice. (jci.org)
  • In hippocampal area CA1, two previously uncharacterized subtypes of interneurons were identified using the GIN mice: stratum pyramidale interneurons with lacunosum-moleculare axon arborization (P-LM cells) and stratum radiatum interneurons with lacunosum-moleculare axon arborization (R-LM cells). (jneurosci.org)
  • In other studies, mice with gene knockout of LT-α showed enhanced tumor growth, implicating possible protective role of LT-α in cancer. (wikidoc.org)
  • NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antagonism Reveals a Gut/Lung Axis That Amplifies Regulatory T Cells in a Pulmonary Fungal Infection. (uc.edu)
  • Furthermore, a large number of tachyzoites in semen of infertile patients and anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb) were detected in T. gondii infection [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells also produce M-CSF in order to combat intercellular viral infection. (meddic.jp)
  • These CSCs, which were found to overexpress tumor promoter caveolin-1 (Cav-1), displayed aggressive cancer phenotypes of apoptosis resistance and enhanced cell invasion and migration compared with their non-CSC counterpart. (oncotarget.com)
  • However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
  • C1QBP promotes the catabolism of hypoxanthine and elevates the apoptosis of RCC cells by modulating XDH-mediated ROS generation. (medsci.org)
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • During anti-HCMV responses, NK cells can reshape their receptor repertoire and function, through epigenetic remodeling, and acquire adaptive traits such as longevity and clonal expansion abilities. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cytokine receptors can be divided into five major subgroups based on their different domains and activation motifs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as an animal model of MS, is also induced by the activation of myelin reactive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent migration in the CNS, where they mediate inflammatory responses, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. (jci.org)
  • Expansion of Th1 cells is then promoted by IL-12-induced STAT4 activation. (jci.org)
  • We have characterized an AMP-mediated activation of AMPK that facilitates the translocation of GLUT3 to the neuronal cell surface after excitation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The microanatomical features of these cells suggest that they function primarily as "input-biasing" neurons, in that synaptic volleys in stratum radiatum would lead to their activation, which in turn would result in selective suppression of excitatory input from the entorhinal cortex onto CA1 pyramidal cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Fukuda, 1996), implying that release of the PH domain from the membrane is accompanied by activation of the catalytic domain. (sdbonline.org)
  • After LT-β receptor activation, IKK-α, β, and γ are produced, which increases degradation of I-κB , an inhibitor or NF-kB, and produce NF-kB1 (p50) and ReIA (p60). (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of LT-β receptors is capable of inducing cell death of cancerous cells and suppressing tumor growth. (wikidoc.org)
  • Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemistry of frozen sections and blocking of T cell activation. (biolegend.com)
  • Crystal structure of the soluble form of the human fcgamma-receptor IIb: a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily at 1.7 A resolution. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • In addition, calcitriol has rapid effects that are independent of gene transcription regulation, which are defined as non-genomic effects and not mediated directly through steroid receptor-ligand-DNA interaction. (jcancer.org)
  • An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Non-human primates (NHPs) can sustain viral replication in relevant cell types and develop a robust immune response, but they do not develop overt disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Furthermore, LT-α effects depend on the type of organ it acts upon, type of cancer cells, cellular environment, gender, and time of effect during an immune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • Excessive glutamate release and the overexcitation of glutamate receptors has been identified as a central mediator in the pathophysiology of the neuronal injury associated with ischemic stroke and head trauma ( Choi, 1987 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evolving research in stem cells and cancer biology have provided strong evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various human solid tumors, including brain, breast, bone marrow, prostrate, colon, and lung [ 3 , 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The spectrum of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: new insights into biology and therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Sustained damage to the mucosal lining in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) facilitates translocation of intestinal microbes to submucosal immune cells leading to chronic inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to its roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases and the maintenance of local immune cells, CCL5 expressed by cancer cells plays diverse roles in shaping cancer microenvironments toward their own survival. (nature.com)
  • It is most commonly expressed in T cells and NK cells, but has also been found in intestinal epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we show that chronic (6-month) exposure of human lung epithelial cells to single-walled (SW) CNTs at the workplace-relevant concentration induced an emergence of lung CSCs, as indicated by the induction of CSC tumor spheres and side population (SP). (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, host CCL5 can obviously work as an anticancer molecule to mount relevant immune responses against some cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Kinetics of homophilic binding by embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. (academicinfluence.com)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Due to the difficulty in sampling and detection, few techniques exist to efficiently and consistently detect and quantify disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow of cancer patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Bone metastasis occurs through a complex cascade of events that ultimately results in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood extravasating and invading the bone marrow - these cells within the bone marrow are referred to as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Gamma knife surgery as monotherapy with clinically relevant doses prolongs survival in a Human GBM Xenograft Model. (uib.no)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • In addition to its well-known roles in T cells and NK cells, JAK3 has been found to mediate IL-8 stimulation in human neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
  • IFNGR2 , encodes IFN-γR2, the non-ligand-binding partner of the heterodimeric receptor. (wikidoc.org)
  • Cattle Fc gamma RII: molecular cloning and ligand specificity. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • In vertebrates, FGF signaling is complex, with over 100 predicted FGF ligand-receptor combinations. (biologists.com)
  • To date, diverse immunotherapeutic modalities have been accepted as viable strategies for eliminating cancerous cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which MIS416-induced IFN-γ reduces disease severity in EAE and investigate the IFN-γ-dependent effects on disease-inducing auto-reactive CD4 T cells as well as the peripheral and CNS resident myeloid cells that are directly targeted by MIS416. (nature.com)
  • reactive antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • In an effort to understand the molecular basis for adverse side effects, we have determined that an important regulatory protein (CD40L) expressed on T cells of the immune system is abnormally regulated by these drugs. (boisestate.edu)
  • Cell adhesion and the molecular processes of morphogenesis. (academicinfluence.com)
  • Like compounds from biological sources and low-molecular-weight nonoccupational asthma, occupational asthma is probably the chemicals cause occupational asthma after a latent period of result of multiple genetic, environmental, and behavioral exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the urinary system, causing over 140,000 deaths worldwide each year[ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • CCL5 is a unique chemokine with distinct stage and cell-type specificities for regulating inflammation, but how these specificities are achieved and how CCL5 modulates immune responses is not well understood. (nature.com)
  • Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
  • [6] LT-α plays an important role in innate immune regulation and its presence has been shown to prevent tumor growth and destroy cancerous cell lines. (wikidoc.org)
  • Localization of phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase IIgamma in kidney to a membrane trafficking compartment within specialized cells of the nephron. (neurotree.org)
  • There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • His research has involved both translational research and clinical trials including the role of B cell depletion and mesenchymal stem cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. (rochester.edu)
  • Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)
  • Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ninety-eight percent of the tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (59/60). (bvsalud.org)
  • [6] Hence depending on the context, LT-α may function to prevent growth of cancer cells or facilitate the development of tumors. (wikidoc.org)
  • Finally, MIS416-mediated protection was shown to correlate with IFN-γ-dependant expansion of PDL-1-expressing peripheral myeloid cells, a subset of which was found to be selectively recruited to the brain. (nature.com)
  • Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 is a tyrosine kinase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the JAK3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)