• The engineered strain converts glucose to ethanol via acetate and acetaldehyde, catalyzed by the host-encoded aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase AOR and heterologously expressed AdhA, in an energy-conserving, redox-balanced pathway. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • About 50% of people of Northeast Asian descent have a dominant mutation in their acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene, making this enzyme less effective, which causes the alcohol flush reaction, also known as Asian flush syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • A single point mutation (G → A) at exon 12 of the ALDH2 gene causes a replacement of glutamine with lysine at residue 487, resulting in the ALDH2K enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • In plant, the first and the third steps of the synthesis of methionine and threonine are catalyzed by a bifunctional enzyme, aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase (AK-HSDH). (rhea-db.org)
  • deletion of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in ethanol tolerant strain adhE*(EA), carrrying mutation P704L/H734R in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, and deletion of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) to redirect carbon flux towards ethanol reults in a strain producing 30% more ethanol than wild type on minimal medium. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • however, the role of the bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE (Ald-Adh) route in ethanol metabolism remains largely unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show that the mutant strain C. autoethanogenum ∆adhE1a, lacking the Ald subunit of the main bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE, CAETHG_3747), has poor ethanol oxidation capabilities, with a negative impact on biomass yield. (bvsalud.org)
  • The purified ReBDH in the native form was found to exist as a monomer with a calculated subunit size of 37180, belonging to the family of the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases. (mdpi.com)
  • Overproduction, purification, and characterization of recombinant bifunctional threonine-sensitive aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. (rhea-db.org)
  • Acetaldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.10) are dehydrogenase enzymes which catalyze the conversion of acetaldehyde into acetyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can be summarized as follows: Acetaldehyde + NAD+ + Coenzyme A ↔ Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ In humans, there are three known genes which encode this enzymatic activity, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and the more recently discovered ALDH1B1 (also known as ALDH5). (wikipedia.org)
  • As discovered by site-directed mutagenesis, glutamate-268 is a key component of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and is also critical to catalytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In bacteria, acylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase forms a bifunctional heterodimer with metal-dependent 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Utilized in the bacterial degradation of toxic aromatic compounds, the enzyme's crystal structure indicates that intermediates are shuttled directly between active sites through a hydrophobic intermediary channel, providing an unreactive environment in which to move the reactive acetaldehyde intermediate from the aldolase active site to the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase active site. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the second step, the acetaldehyde is converted to acetyl CoA by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acetaldehyde is more toxic than alcohol and is responsible for many hangover symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these people, acetaldehyde accumulates after drinking alcohol, leading to symptoms of acetaldehyde poisoning, including the characteristic flushing of the skin and increased heart and respiration rates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals with deficient acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity are far less likely to become alcoholics, but seem to be at a greater risk of liver damage, alcohol-induced asthma, and contracting cancers of the oro-pharynx and esophagus due to acetaldehyde overexposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • construction of a synthetic pathway for bioalcohol production at 70°C by insertion of the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase AdhA into the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • The AOR/AdhA pathway also converts exogenously added aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohol using glucose, pyruvate, and/or hydrogen as the source of reductant. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • To date, three published type strains of the genus Terrisporobacter are only covered by draft genome sequences, and the genes and pathway responsible for acetogenesis have not been analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
  • In order for a cell to respond to changes in internal and external environmental factors, a broad range of protein co- and post-translational modifications have evolved to expand upon the relatively static properties encoded in protein side-chains. (biologists.com)
  • for example, they provide structural stability to cells and tissues, give motility to individual cells, carry messages within and between cells, and regulate gene expression and metabolism. (biologists.com)
  • About 18% of all C. difficile genes are regulated by glucose, for which 50% depend on CcpA for regulation. (studyres.com)
  • Interestingly, in humans, a chemokines are all encoded by genes on chromosome 4, β chemokines are all encoded by genes on chromosome 17, and lymphotaxin is encoded by genes on chromosome 1. (justia.com)
  • The complete genomes harbored a gene cluster for the reductive proline-dependent branch of the Stickland reaction located on an approximately 21 kb plasmid, which is exclusively found in the Terrisporobacter genus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
  • Iron nanoparticles are conjugated with two types of antibodies (one against antigens on therapeutic cells and the other directed at injured cells) to produce magnetic bifunctional cell engager (MagBICE). (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase Kivd from Lactococcus lactis combined with alcohol dehydrogenase Adh3 from Zymomonas mobilis are the optimum candidates for 3-methyl-1-butanol production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. (brenda-enzymes.info)
  • Several proteins that may directly dictate end-product synthesis patterns, including pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductases, alcohol dehydrogenases, and a putative bifurcating hydrogenase, demonstrated differential expression during transition from exponential to stationary phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of proteins involved in pyruvate catabolism and end-product synthesis were detected with high abundance, with the exception of aldehyde dehydrogenase, ferredoxin-dependent Ech-type [NiFe]-hydrogenase, and RNF-type NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. (wildpalm.net)
  • Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 7.9 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
  • The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
  • Encodes a chloroplast branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase. (or.jp)
  • This can be summarized as follows: Acetaldehyde + NAD+ + Coenzyme A ↔ Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ In humans, there are three known genes which encode this enzymatic activity, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and the more recently discovered ALDH1B1 (also known as ALDH5). (wikipedia.org)
  • As discovered by site-directed mutagenesis, glutamate-268 is a key component of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and is also critical to catalytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individuals with deficient acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity are far less likely to become alcoholics, but seem to be at a greater risk of liver damage, alcohol-induced asthma, and contracting cancers of the oro-pharynx and esophagus due to acetaldehyde overexposure. (wikipedia.org)