• Trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurements indicate Caco-2 monolayer integrity, and we recorded changes to this integrity following exposure to the fermentation products of selected probiotics and prebiotics, in the form of nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • 2009). Fermentation products also led to improved intestinal monolayer integrity in Caco-2 treated with deoxycholic acid (Vannucci et al. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • We compared intestinal mucus, fecal form, intestinal transit time, intestinal epithelial cell composition, and stem cell function in WT and GC-specific Piezo1-deficient (Piezo1ΔGC) mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • DNMT3A expression is downregulated in intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients and upon tumor necrosis factor treatment in murine intestinal organoids. (nature.com)
  • Genetic deletion of Dnmt3a in intestinal epithelial cells ( Dnmt3a ΔIEC ) in mice confirms the phenotype of an altered epithelial ultrastructure with shortened apical-junctional complexes, reduced Goblet cell numbers and increased intestinal permeability in the colon in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have evolved to build a complex physiological barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying mucosal tissue. (nature.com)
  • In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)
  • This research clearly demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can upregulate SERT mRNA and SERT-P levels in intestinal epithelial cells and mice intestinal tissues. (naturalpractitionermag.com)
  • Here we investigated whether polarized monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells might regulate inflammatory responses by secreting IL-8 in a vectorial fashion (i.e. apical versus basolateral) depending on the location of the TLR stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results show that IL-8 induces autocrine signalling via an apical CXCR1 in Caco-2 BBE intestinal epithelial cells and that this receptor is also expressed on the apical surface of differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo , suggesting an autocrine function for IL-8 secreted in the lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in the inflammatory response to colonizing or invading microorganisms via the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fp -EVs treatment reduced DSS-induced weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length shortening, histological damage, neutrophil infiltration and increased intestinal epithelial apoptotic cells in DSS-induced colitis mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. jejuni can adhere, invade and temporarily survive inside human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro . (assignster.com)
  • Several functional components of the epithelium contribute to this unique role, among them the secretion of a mucus layer and life-long regeneration of the different epithelial cell types from a stem cell compartment, allowing for quick repair of barrier defects 2 . (nature.com)
  • By using two types of epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX and a bacterial strain, lactobacillus bacteria. (keele.ac.uk)
  • To this aim, we supplied [U-(13)C(6)]glucose to Caco-2 cells infected with the bacterial strains or mutants thereof impaired in the uptake of glucose, mannose and/or glucose 6-phosphate. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The data showed that EIEC HN280 growing in the cytosol of the host cells, as well as Stm 14028 replicating in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) utilised glucose, but not glucose 6-phosphate, other phosphorylated carbohydrates, gluconate or fatty acids as major carbon substrates. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Mutants of all three strains impaired in the uptake of glucose switched to C(3)-substrate(s) accompanied by an increased uptake of amino acids (and possibly also other anabolic monomers) from the host cell. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By using the Caco 2 cell model, Dr. Weimer has explored the binding of specific bacterial strains, the competitive binding of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, the discovery of the molecular mechanisms of adhesion, and the cellular signaling that takes place when bacteria adhere to the intestinal wall. (elsevier.com)
  • Genome analysis of C. concisus strains isolated from saliva samples has identified a bacterial marker that is associated with active Crohn's disease (one major form of IBD). (frontiersin.org)
  • The majority of alcohol metabolism in humans occurs in the liver, in cells called hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Another alcohol metabolism pathway, the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS), handles a small portion of alcohol metabolism in social drinkers but a significant portion of alcohol metabolism when the body needs to process larger amounts of alcohol. (nih.gov)
  • Membrane enriched extracts (40 µg lysate) of Caco-2 (Lane 1), Caco-2 treated with IFN Gamma (50 ng/mL for 24hrs) (Lane 2), A-431 (Lane 3), HEL 92.1.7 (Lane 4) and Jurkat (Lane 5). (thermofisher.com)
  • Recent work has focused on the specifics of bacterial adhesion in the gut. (elsevier.com)
  • Modelling the role of membrane mechanics in cell adhesion on titanium oxide nanotubes. (ki.si)
  • Different stages of pathogenic infection were investigated: (i) colonization of the mucus layer, and (ii) adhesion to and (iii) invasion of the epithelial cells. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • Furthermore, 1 mM of both fermented and unfermented CTM decreased the adhesion and invasion of human-derived epithelial Caco-2 cells by AIEC LF82. (cranberryinstitute.org)
  • Organic extracellular matrix production as a means of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion has been extensively studied. (nature.com)
  • By acting as a more sophisticated in vitro approximation of complex tissues than standard cell culture, they provide the potential as an alternative to animal models for drug development and toxin testing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of these animal hosted Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , can cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans through consumption of contaminated food or water ( Galanis, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Campylobacters are the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in the world. (assignster.com)
  • Secreted neurotransmitters from bacteria in the intestinal lumen may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that in turn modulate neural signaling within the enteric nervous system and consequently signal brain function and behavior of the host. (naturalpractitionermag.com)
  • Here, we discuss some aspects of metabolism and absorption of phenolic compounds. (docksci.com)
  • ABSORPTION AND METABOLISM OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS The concentrations of polyphenolic compounds in the bloodstream depend on their modifications during metabolism and absorption form the gastrointestinal tract. (docksci.com)
  • All heterotrophic microbes can easily utilize these compounds for both energy metabolism and as carbon sources. (kenyon.edu)
  • Microbial suspensions obtained from Hadza or Italian stools were first evaluated for structural integrity by high resolution-scanning electron microscopy and co-incubated with HT29 cell monolayers. (frontiersin.org)
  • This effect was bacterial species and oligosaccharide specific. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial species are usually not harmful to their hosts, although there are exceptions. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2019 ). Although there are a number of species which produce CaCO 3 minerals, Sporosarcina pasteurii was used by many researchers widely and there are numerous reports on bacterial CaCO 3 precipitation by this bacterium (Nemati et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Il-8 protein and mrna levels were increased by 100- azee tablet price and 50-fold, respectively, in caco-2 cells incubated in the presence of 10 mu m of hif-1a sirna. (wcccheer.com)
  • CXCR1 is expressed in the human IEC line Caco-2 BBE [ 3 ], which is in agreement with our own microarray data using Caco-2 BBE cell mRNA (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effect of number of cells deposited on decrease in hydraulic conductivity of porous media using CaCO 3 precipitation induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC 11,859) was examined in columns packed with glass beads in the range of 0.25 mm and 3 mm in diameter. (springeropen.com)
  • After resting Sporosarcina pasteurii cells were introduced into the columns, a precipitation solution, which consisted of 500 mM CaCl 2 and 500 mM urea, was introduced under continuous flow conditions. (springeropen.com)
  • It was shown that hydraulic conductivity was decreased by formation of microbially induced CaCO 3 precipitation from between 8.37 * 10 −1 and 6.73 * 10 −2 cm/s to between 3.69 * 10 −1 and 1.01 * 10 −2 cm/s. (springeropen.com)
  • The urease activity, which led CaCO 3 precipitation, depended on presence of high number of cells deposited in the column because the nutrients were not included in the precipitation solution and consequently, the amount of CaCO 3 precipitated was proportional with the cell number in the column. (springeropen.com)
  • Carbon metabolism of enterobacterial human pathogens growing in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Analysis of the genome sequences of the major human bacterial pathogens has provided a large amount of information concerning their metabolic potential. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Surprisingly, the metabolism of the host cells, as judged by the efficiency of (13)C-incorporation into host cell amino acids, was not significantly affected by the infection with either of these intracellular pathogens. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Polymyxin E, also called colistin, is an important old antibiotic known for around six decades for treatment of infection caused by Gram-negative pathogens [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 2016). SCFAs assist in gut homeostasis by their immunomodulatory functions as well as by maintaining metabolism, proliferation, differentiation and promotion at low pH, favoring beneficial microbes with the concomitant reduction in pathogen bacterial growth and viability (Nepelska et al. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • In cellular biology convergence, this rare property in fluids has been leveraged to better study complex cell behaviors, such as cell motility in response to chemotactic stimuli, stem cell differentiation, axon guidance, subcellular propagation of biochemical signaling and embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3D cell-culture models exceed 2D culture systems by promoting higher levels of cell differentiation and tissue organization. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells were cultured in specialised plates until differentiation. (keele.ac.uk)
  • Percutaneous ultrasound-guided compression of renal artery stenosis (from sann and gessner).the use of these agents has been questioned because of the risk of bleeding and the effect on hepatic metabolism of non-steroidal antiphlogistics. (wcccheer.com)
  • The CXCR1 receptor for IL-8 was expressed only on the apical membrane of Caco-2 BBE cells and differentiated epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • That said, the luminal concentration of alcohol in the latter parts of the small intestine, close to the colon, reaches up to 200 mg/100 ml within an hour of drinking 2 to 2½ standard alcoholic drinks (0.8 g/kg) (Halsted et al. (nih.gov)
  • Altogether, our results suggest that the crucial role played by the pyrD gene in AIEC virulence, and the presence of structural differences between E. coli and human DHOD allowing for the design of specific inhibitors, make E. coli DHOD a promising target for therapeutical strategies aiming at counteracting chronic inflammation in CD by acting selectively on its bacterial triggers. (rossimicrolab.com)
  • We have used the Caco-2 human adenocarcinoma cell line as a model for the intestinal epithelia. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • 2012). Butyrate significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in human colon tumor cells (Canani et al. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
  • The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context. (wikipedia.org)
  • By means of a recently developed non-invasive ex vivo minimal model based on the interaction of the human enterocyte-like HT29 cell line and fecal slurries, we explored the enterocyte-associated microbiome of 21 Hadza hunter-gatherers and nine urban living Italians. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, it is not known if CXCR1 is expressed on the apical or basolateral poles in polarized Caco-2 BBE cells or human intestinal tissue or whether the direction of TLR signalling influences the direction of IL-8 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, we determined the localization of the CXCR1 receptor in Caco-2 BBE cells and human intestinal tissue samples and investigated the role of IL-8 autocrine signalling using transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 million human infections each year 2 with a staggering economic burden of between $1. (assignster.com)
  • The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)
  • In this study, we analysed the intracellular carbon metabolism of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC HN280 and EIEC 4608-58) and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Stm 14028) replicating in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • Moreover, Fp -EV treatment markedly reduced the phosphorylation of these proteins Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • So far, colistin has been best characterized with respect to its structure and biosynthesis, antibacterial mechanism and bacterial resistance, and toxicity and derivatives. (hindawi.com)
  • An important step of the carbon cycle is the fixation of atmospheric CO 2 and its subsequent assimilation into organic molecules. (kenyon.edu)
  • Organisms that can convert CO 2 into organic molecules are called autotrophs, and include plants, algae, some bacteria, and some archaea. (kenyon.edu)
  • Polyoxin, a peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic, consists of three building blocks including a nucleoside skeleton, polyoximic acid (POIA), and carbamoylpolyoxamic acid (CPOAA), however, little is known about the "pathway redundancy" of the metabolic networks directing the CPOAA biosynthesis in the cell factories of the polyoxin producer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A central aspect is then the ability to optimize the functional properties with high spatial resolution, creating materials that are able to control the interaction with the biological surrounding at the nanoscale thus guiding the responses of biomolecules, cells and tissues. (european-mrs.com)
  • Hemolytic activity was also assayed to control possibility of direct cell membrane damage [11, 12]. (romj.org)
  • The (13)C-isotopologue patterns of protein-derived amino acids from the bacteria and the host cells were then determined by mass spectrometry. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The results indicated that the combination of cells and bacteria produced similar results to the ADMETox model currently in use the pharmaceutical industry. (keele.ac.uk)
  • For example, in animal research oral ingestion of Bifidobacteria infantis increased plasma levels of tryptophan, precursor to serotonin, suggesting that commensal bacteria have the ability to influence tryptophan metabolism and could potentially act as antidepressants. (naturalpractitionermag.com)
  • In phototrophic bacteria chromatophores refer to membranous organelles (BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORES). (bvsalud.org)
  • 8] LPS is part of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria like E. coli. (healthydesignfxmed.com)
  • Piezo1 deficiency in GCs led to decreased mucus synthesis and also disrupted the ecological niche of colon stem cells (CSCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, IL-8 has been measured in the colon milieu of healthy volunteers using a dialysis bag inserted in the rectum [ 9 ] suggesting that it might be apically secreted by colonic epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work, we analyze expression patterns of DNMT3A in patients with IBD, perform loss of function experiments using Caco-2 cell line and generate a conditional Dnmt3a ΔIEC mouse line. (nature.com)
  • Previous studies with feeding experiments have demonstrated that the three building blocks were individually originated from uridine (or UMP), L-isoleucine and L-glutamate [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the experiments, 7 * 10 −9 g CaCO 3 was produced by a single resting cell. (springeropen.com)
  • In the Caco-2 BBE model of polarized villus-like epithelium, apical stimulation with TLR2 and TLR5 ligands resulted in the apical secretion of IL-8. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we investigated IL-8 secretion in response to TLR signalling using intestinal Caco-2 BBE cells grown in the Transwell system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stimulation of polarized Caco-2 BBE cells with Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, agonists for TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 from the apical or basolateral sides induced secretion of IL-8 predominantly into the apical compartment regardless of the location of the stimulus, although basolateral stimulation induced smaller amounts of IL-8 compared to apical stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brain slices have advantages over primary cell culture in that tissue architecture is preserved and multicellular interactions can still occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Historically, multicellular bacterial communities, known as biofilms, have been thought to be held together solely by a self-produced extracellular matrix. (nature.com)
  • Real-life exposure to Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone triggers apoptosis and activates NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine primary theca cells. (inrae.fr)
  • In neutrophils, IL-8 binding to CXCR1 triggers G protein-coupled signalling and formation of second messengers that mediate cellular migration, exocytosis of effectors and a respiratory burst to facilitate oxygen-dependent killing of phagocytosed microorganisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial progressive disease characterized by chronic and recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, disturbance of the gut microbiome and exacerbated immune responses [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Addition of tamsulosin to the LVX regimen was beneficial for patients with bacterial prostatitis because tamsulosin could increase the maximal concentration of LVX in prostatic tissue. (dovepress.com)
  • Here, we asked whether the control of calcium carbonate minerals can structurally support morphogenesis of bacterial colonies. (nature.com)
  • Devices have been made using platforms that range from traditional 2D cell culture to 3D tissues in the form of organotypic brain slices. (wikipedia.org)
  • 8 Another example is a study in which Caco-2 cells and mice intestinal tissues were examined after treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. (naturalpractitionermag.com)
  • In contrast, tetracyclines usually suppress a bacterial growth by interfering with a bacterial molecule that is. (wcccheer.com)
  • the death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development), and cell-mediated abnormalities in both conditions. (healthydesignfxmed.com)
  • Recently there has been increased interest in the Carbon Cycle becuase of our awareness of how atmospheric levels of CO 2 affect global climate change. (kenyon.edu)
  • Many produce CO 2 through respiration,and some fix atmospheric carbon, sequestering it in the soil. (kenyon.edu)
  • This study evaluated the use of a commercial stool storage kit for bacterial preservation in cow faecal samples compared to unpreserved stools placed into refrigeration at different time-points. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • 7] For example, it has been found that women with endometriosis have decreased activated T-reg cells, one type of immune cell, in the endometrial lesions and endometrium versus women without endometriosis. (healthydesignfxmed.com)
  • 7] Women with endometriosis also have decreased Natural Killer cells, another type of immune cell, and increased levels of E. coli colonization and endotoxin/Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in their menstrual blood. (healthydesignfxmed.com)
  • Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L), has proven to be a modulator of multiple intercellular signalling pathways linked to inflammation, to proliferation, growth, invasion, drug sensitivity, angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Liver plays a central role in metabolism and involves in endocrine, immunity, detoxification and storage, and therefore it communicates with distant organs through such mechanisms to regulate pathophysiological processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • To upgrade the existing Caco-2 model. (keele.ac.uk)
  • A recent study using a rat model found significant differences at the time of diabetes onset in the bacterial communities responsible for type 1 diabetes modulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ablation of DNMT3A in Caco-2 cells results in global DNA hypomethylation, which is linked to impaired regenerative capacity, transepithelial resistance and intercellular junction formation. (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that it is highly feasible that the formation of mineral scaffolds plays a cardinal and conserved role in bacterial multicellularity. (nature.com)