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AvidinBiotinStreptavidinCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesMethylmalonyl-CoA DecarboxylasePyruvate CarboxylaseEncyclopedias as TopicBiological Science DisciplinesNucleic Acid HybridizationMedlinePlus
StreptavidinAntibodyEstablished the Avidin-biotin systemHorseradish peroxidaseHigh affinityFunctions as a coenzymeGood source of biotinDenatures avidinComplexVitaminMoleculeIntake of biotinBindsProteinsInteractionCovalentlyBiotinylationReagentsFITCAffinity chromatographyDeficiencyCarboxylasesBicyclicBiologicalIntestinalEssential nutrientProbesMoleculesWhitesBindAqueousLabelingTargetsGeneAminoNutritionalAssaySevereSupplementsAmountsSystemMethodsCAPACITYDevelopmentNailsLiverOrganicProtective
Streptavidin9
  • Depictions of receptor attachment via biotin-avidin/streptavidin methodologies. (omicsonline.org)
  • Initially, biotin is physically or covalently immobilized above an appropriate solid support [79] and then further modified with multivalent avidin or streptavidin. (omicsonline.org)
  • The high affinity constant between biotin and avidin or streptavidin facilitates stable film formation. (omicsonline.org)
  • and the solubility of streptavidin (isoelectric pH5) in aqueous buffer is much lower than avidin.The binding of streptavidin is similar to that of avidin with less non-specific binding due to the lack of carbohydrate groups. (thomassci.com)
  • the binding of streptavidin to biotin is similar to that of avidin. (thomassci.com)
  • Although numerous methods of indirect bioconjugate preparation have been described, a significant number of those reported in the literature have been prepared by exploiting the Avidin-Biotin system, in which, the binding specificity of the protein Avidin (purified from egg white), or Streptavidin (purified from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii), toward the cofactor Biotin (vitamin H) is utilized to bridge an Avidin conjugated macromolecule with a biotinylated macromolecule. (justia.com)
  • Both Avidin and Streptavidin possess four Biotin binding sites of very high affinity (Ka=1015 M−1). (justia.com)
  • With similar binding to biotin as avidin but less non-specific binding we offer Immobilized Streptavidin Resin . (gbiosciences.com)
  • Biotin, a 244Da vitamin (Vitamin H) molecule, exhibits an extraordinary binding affinity for avidin (Ka=10¹â µM-¹) and streptavidin (Ka=10¹â µM-¹). (gbiosciences.com)
Antibody7
  • The antibody was conjugated with biotin under optimum conditions, and unreacted biotin was removed. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Bound antibody was detected using avidin-biotin-peroxidase (Vector Labs) and diaminobenzidine (DAB). (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Side by side comparison of two commercially available anti-biotin polyclonal antibodies with Cell Signaling Technology's anti-biotin (A7C2A) rabbit monoclonal antibody. (cellsignal.com)
  • A biotin labeled antibody (a) or a biotin labeled aptamer (b) is then attached. (omicsonline.org)
  • The Avidin-Biotin system has been utilized extensively for enzyme-linked immuno solid-phase assay (ELISA), in which an enzyme-Avidin conjugate (useful for detection by reaction with the enzyme's substrate to afford a colored or chemiluminescent product) is employed to detect the presence of a biotinylated antibody, after first binding the antibody to an immobilized antigen or hapten. (justia.com)
  • Accurate estimation of the molar ratio of biotin conjugated to protein/antibody is easy and affordable with HOOK™ BiotinQuant™ Kit . (gbiosciences.com)
  • HOOK™ BiotinQuant™ uses HABA (2-(4-Hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid/ 2-(4′-Hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid/ 4′-Hydroxyazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid) to rapidly estimate the mole-to-mole ratio of biotin to antibody or protein. (gbiosciences.com)
Established the Avidin-biotin system1
  • Together with Ed Bayer, Wilchek established the Avidin-biotin system as a powerful tool in biological sciences. (wikipedia.org)
Horseradish peroxidase2
  • The test was based on the detection of IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas mallei antigens bound to nitrocellulose coated on plastic strips (dipsticks), the reaction being amplified by an avidinbiotin system with biotinylated anti-horse IgG and horseradish peroxidase-avidin D. Sera from 810 normal, six naturally infected and 48 sensitized equines were tested by this assay and results were compared with complement fixation, indirect haemagglutination and counter-immunoelectrophoresis tests. (edu.in)
  • Visualization of the human immunoglobulins specifically bound to HIV-1 proteins is accomplished in situ by using a series of reactions with goat anti-human IgG conjugated with biotin, avidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the HRP substrate 4-chloro-1-naphthol. (cdc.gov)
High affinity2
  • The ureido ring is involved in the high affinity binding of biotin to avidin, a glycoprotein found in egg-white. (medscape.com)
  • Biotin has an extremely high affinity for the Avidin family of proteins (Kd = 10-15 M), making it the perfect tool to link two molecules. (bdbiosciences.com)
Functions as a coenzyme2
  • Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involving lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • In all 4 carboxylases, biotin functions as a coenzyme or prosthetic group that serves as a carrier for CO 2 in a multistep reaction. (medscape.com)
Good source of biotin2
Denatures avidin2
  • The final step in solving the mystery of egg-white injury syndrome was the demonstration that the syndrome could be prevented by heating the egg whites, a process that denatures avidin and destroys its affinity for biotin. (medscape.com)
  • Cooking denatures avidin, a term used when the shape of a protein is changed. (huffpost.com)
Complex6
  • The avidin-biotin complex is the highest affinity interaction in nature, and its utilization to biochemistry integrates all of the former approaches. (wikipedia.org)
  • as a result, biotin is not liberated from food, and the biotin-avidin complex is lost in the feces. (medscape.com)
  • With over 100K citations and counting, the avidin-biotin complex is the most popular immunhistochemistry method today. (the-scientist.com)
  • Sensitive, reliable, and reproducible, the avidin-biotin complex is the most widely used immunohistochemistry method. (the-scientist.com)
  • Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex is added and unbound conjugates are washed away with wash buffer. (abcam.com)
  • the biotin-avidin complex is not broken during passage of the food bolus through the stomach and intestines. (medscape.com)
Vitamin11
  • Deficiency of biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, may occur from nutritional causes, but more commonly results from deficiencies of enzymes involved in biotin homeostasis (e.g. biotinidase deficiency ). (medscape.com)
  • Chronic alcoholics and those on long-term anticonvulsants could develop biotin deficiency because of impaired intestinal uptake of the vitamin. (medscape.com)
  • Avidin, a protein found in egg whites, binds strongly to biotin, impairing the absorption of the vitamin, leading to severe biotin deficiency in those who consume excessive amounts of raw eggs. (medscape.com)
  • Biotin is a ubiquitous co-factor (also known as Vitamin B7) that has many properties that make it extremely useful for molecular biology. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Biotin, or vitamin B7 is a water-soluble vitamin and an essential nutrient. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cooking separates the biotin from the avidin, helping the digestive tract to absorb the vitamin . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Nuts and seeds are generally good sources of biotin, although the amount of the vitamin varies. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a chemical moiety that can be post-tranlationally added to proteins via a process known as biotinylation. (cellsignal.com)
  • The second is that a protein in raw egg whites, called avidin, interferes with the absorption of the B vitamin biotin. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Biotin, a 244Da vitamin (Vitamin H) molecule, exhibits an extraordinary binding affinity for avidin (Ka=1015 M-1). (gbiosciences.com)
  • Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of the water-soluble B vitamin termed biotin. (medscape.com)
Molecule4
  • avidin is then used to "sandwich" between the biotinylated binder and a reporter molecule or probe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biotin is a bicyclic molecule composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. (medscape.com)
  • Although utilized extensively, several limitations are known to be associated with the Avidin-Biotin system, which include nonspecific binding generally attributed to the basicity of the Avidin molecule, nonspecific binding attributed to the presence of carbohydrate residues on the Avidin molecule, and background interference associated with the presence of endogenous Biotin, which is ubiquitous in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (justia.com)
  • that is, a given molecule of biotin may be repeatedly used before it is eventually lost from the body in the feces or urine. (medscape.com)
Intake of biotin2
  • It is important to be aware that intake of biotin supplements may lead to interference with certain laboratory tests leading to false positive or false negative results. (medscape.com)
  • To maximize the intake of biotin and for safety reasons, always cook eggs before eating them. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Binds2
Proteins8
  • Biotinylated proteins and peptides bind very tightly to avidin groups. (cellsignal.com)
  • One advantage is the very strong binding interaction with avidin that can be used to purify biotin-tagged proteins (2,3). (cellsignal.com)
  • These new cellular assays utilize biotin ligase or engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) fusion proteins that are able to biotinylate nearby protein targets within specific cellular compartments. (cellsignal.com)
  • Thermo Scientific EZ-Link NHS-PEG12-Biotin enables simple and efficient biotin labeling of antibodies, proteins, and any other primary amine-containing macromolecule. (thermofisher.com)
  • NHS-PEG12-Biotin is a very long (56.0Å), pegylated, water-soluble, NHS-ester biotinylation reagent to label amines and maximize solubility of antibodies and other proteins. (thermofisher.com)
  • An assortment of reagents for the purification of biotin labelled proteins are available from G-Biosciences. (gbiosciences.com)
  • G-Biosciences Immobilized Monomeric Avidin Resin is designed for the simple affinity chromatography purifications of proteins, antibodies and other molecules with a biotin tag. (gbiosciences.com)
  • HOOK™ Cell Surface Protein Isolation Kit uses G-Biosciences HOOK™ biotin labeling and purification technology in conjunction with our Mammalian Cell PE LB™ lysis buffer to conveniently label cell surface proteins and isolate them for further analysis, including Western blotting. (gbiosciences.com)
Interaction3
  • Further biotinylation of these particles through the strong non-covalent interaction between biotin and avidin enabled highly specific labeling of the biotin receptors on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Biotin and avidin interaction is rapid and once the bond is established it can survive up to 3M guanidine-hydrochloride and extremes of pH. (gbiosciences.com)
  • Biotin and (strept)avidin interaction is rapid. (gbiosciences.com)
Covalently2
  • Through this carboxyl group, biotin is linked covalently to the β-amino group of lysine in 5 carboxylases that play critical roles in intermediary metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The resin consists of monomeric subunits of avidin covalently coupled to 6% cross-linked agarose, offering a stable, reusable resin for the purification of biotinylated molecules. (gbiosciences.com)
Biotinylation1
  • N -Hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) esters of biotin are the most popular type of biotinylation reagent. (thermofisher.com)
Reagents3
  • For example, antibodies labeled with NHS-PEG4-Biotin exhibit less aggregation when stored in solution as compared to antibodies labeled with reagents having only hydrocarbon spacers. (thermofisher.com)
  • We manufacture biotin reagents to ensure the highest possible overall product integrity, consistency and performance for the intended research applications. (thermofisher.com)
  • Varieties of biotin NHS-ester reagents differ in length, solubility, cell permeability and cleavability. (thermofisher.com)
FITC1
  • Splenocytes from SJL (left panel) and C57BL/6 (right panel) mice were stained with Biotin Mouse anti-Mouse CD45.2, followed by Avidin FITC (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Affinity chromatography1
  • Meir Wilchek is known for his research in the field of biorecognition or affinity phenomenon, and its various application, e.g. for affinity chromatography, affinity labeling, affinity therapy, and the avidin-biotin system. (wikipedia.org)
Deficiency7
  • Marginal biotin deficiency has been demonstrated in pregnancy and lactation, but the clinical significance is uncertain. (medscape.com)
  • Patients affected by certain genetic defects affecting biotin metabolism present with a clinical picture of biotin deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of biotin deficiency involves abnormalities of the hair, skin, nails and the central nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • This article discusses biotin deficiency caused by deficiency of the enzyme biotinidase (see also Biotinidase Deficiency). (medscape.com)
  • Biotin deficiency rarely, if ever, occurs in healthy individuals who consume a regular diet unless they are being treated either with certain anticonvulsants or with broad-spectrum antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • The extremely low prevalence of biotin deficiency is probably the result of a combination of factors. (medscape.com)
  • A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency. (bvsalud.org)
Carboxylases1
  • There are 5 biotin-dependent carboxylases each of which exists as an inactive apoform. (medscape.com)
Bicyclic1
  • Biotin is a bicyclic (more precisely, heterocyclic) compound composed of an ureido ring (A) fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring (B). A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. (medscape.com)
Biological1
  • The demonstrator device has been validated and characterised using several well established biological systems [avidin/biotin, DNA/Thrombin, and b2 Microglobin/anti-microglobin]. (europa.eu)
Intestinal1
  • Third, the intestinal flora synthesizes significant quantities of biotin, and at least a portion of that biotin is believed to be absorbed into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)
Essential nutrient2
  • Biotin or B7, one of the B vitamins, is an essential nutrient that plays key roles in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. (medscape.com)
  • Biotin was first recognized as an essential nutrient factor in mammals in 1936. (medscape.com)
Probes1
  • Consequently, the avidin-biotin system can frequently replace radioactive probes. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules1
  • The PEG spacer arm also gives the reagent a long and flexible connection to minimize steric hindrance for binding to avidin molecules. (thermofisher.com)
Whites1
  • The biochemical basis for egg-white injury syndrome was quickly elucidated when raw egg whites were found to contain the glycoprotein avidin, which has a remarkable affinity for biotin. (medscape.com)
Bind1
Aqueous1
  • The present study details the development of biotin tagged avidin functionalized Zinc Sulphide [ZnS] nanocrystals through a simple aqueous chemistry route at room temperature for targeted imaging applications. (bvsalud.org)
Labeling2
  • Targeted labeling of cancer cells using biotin tagged avidin functionalized biocompatible fluorescent nanocrystals. (bvsalud.org)
  • The nanobioconjugates thus developed exhibited stable and brilliant fluorescence upon labeling the biotin receptors on cells as observed through fluorescence microscopy . (bvsalud.org)
Targets1
  • This type of biotin proximity assay can provide improved information about subcellular localization, multi-subunit components, and recruitment of unknown targets. (cellsignal.com)
Gene1
  • Recent studies support a role for biotin in cell proliferation, DNA repair, epigenetic gene regulation as well as normal immune function. (medscape.com)
Amino1
  • NHS-activated biotins react efficiently with primary amino groups (-NH2) in alkaline buffers to form stable amide bonds. (thermofisher.com)
Nutritional1
Assay1
  • This assay provides rich data for these types of biotin proximity assays such as the APEX (6,7) engineered cell system and other related methods. (cellsignal.com)
Severe1
  • Diffusely ochre-colored, slightly swol en and friable liver (severe acute diffuse hepatic necrosis) and mild acute epicardial petechiae (arrows) represent typical gross changes. (cdc.gov)
Supplements1
  • A lack of biotin can lead to problems with the nervous system, skin, hair, and nails, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Amounts1
System1
  • Applications of the Avidin-Biotin system number in the hundreds, and have recently been reviewed (Wilchek, M. and Bayer, E. A., (1990) Methods in Enzymology, 184). (justia.com)
Methods1
  • bio-world Biotin-Binding Plates are available in clear to be used with colorimetricdetection methods. (thomassci.com)
CAPACITY1
  • The output clones are biotinylated in vivo in 96-well culture blocks and then used to saturate the biotin binding capacity of avidin coated wells. (cdc.gov)
Development1
  • Early detection and treatment with pharmacologic doses of biotin are important to prevent the development of irreversible complications. (medscape.com)
Nails1
  • Many people take biotin to improve the condition of their hair and nails, but little evidence supports this use, in most cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Liver2
Organic1
  • Non-sulfonated NHS-biotins are cell permeable but must be dissolved in organic solvent such as DMSO or DMF. (thermofisher.com)
Protective2