Autoimmune lymphocyte function associated antigen 1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Efalizumab (trade name Raptiva, Genentech, Merck Serono) is a formerly available medication designed to treat autoimmune diseases, originally marketed to treat psoriasis. (wikipedia.org)
Treg dysfunction results in diverse inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with life-threatening consequences. (bvsalud.org)
Some patients can develop autoimmune diseases, but the immune processes underlying the paradoxical situation of immune deficiency and autoimmunity have been scarcely investigated. (bvsalud.org)
Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
It is well known that Tregs play a significant role in maintaining peripheral tolerance, preventing autoimmune diseases, and restraining chronic inflammatory diseases. (hindawi.com)
Of course, understanding these mechanisms is able to lead to development of more-efficient therapies to cure immune disease such as allergy and autoimmune diseases. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
We included all diseases included in the 2017 update of the IUIS classification [ 1 ] and split some categories in two parts to ease the lecture. (springer.com)
SLE and DILE are both autoimmune diseases that cause the immune system to manufacture autoantibodies against the patient's own tissues. (medscape.com)
Given that some irAE are clinically similar to traditional autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies have been suggested as possible biomarkers of irAE. (bmj.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Blockade of OX40-OX40 ligand interactions has been shown to ameliorate experimental EAE and inflammatory bowel disease, which implies that these interactions are important in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases. (biolegend.com)
In autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, there is increased expression of LFA-1 and/or its counterligand, ICAM-1. (immune-system-research.com)
The global burden has risen with the near tripling in the last half-century of multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 2 , 3 ), type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 4 ), and other autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
This review highlights recent advances in vitamin D and T-lymphocyte biology in an effort to harness vitamin D's potential to reduce the impact of autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Autoimmune diseases represent a failure of self-identification leading to an immune-mediated assault on host tissues. (frontiersin.org)
We drew mainly on MS and T1D research because intensive investigation has generated detailed insights into vitamin D mechanisms in these diseases and provided valuable guidance for research on other autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Other autoimmune diseases are included where robust mechanistic data exist. (frontiersin.org)
A recent chapter ( 6 ) and a review ( 7 ) have summarized vitamin D mechanisms in autoimmune diseases more generally. (frontiersin.org)
Conceived initially for antibody replacement therapy in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, IVIG is now used in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. (academie-medecine.fr)
IVIG is used in (i) low dose or ''substitution'' therapy in immunodeficient patients up to 300-500 mg/kg body weight every 3-4 weeks and [3] (ii) in high dose '' immunomodulatory '' therapy of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases employing 1-2 g/kg body weight in single injection or five daily doses of 400 mg/kg with additional maintenance dose at 4-6 week intervals [4, 5]. (academie-medecine.fr)
IVIG is injected preferably through intravenous route, but more recently subcutaneous route (SCIg) is also employed in replacement therapy of immunodeficient patients and also in longterm therapy of autoimmune diseases [6]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Augmentation of the platelet counts in the immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) as first demonstrated by Imbach and co-workers, opened the way for the application of IVIG in other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases [1, 9]. (academie-medecine.fr)
This paper will present the concept of different CD4+ T-helper cell subsets and summarize their proposed functions during liver diseases, with a focus on the current knowledge about the role of Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in liver inflammation in mice and men. (globaltechbiz.com)
Activation of CD4+ T cells is usually crucial for the removal of many invading pathogens, but inadvertently they can also become responsive to self antigens, thus leading to autoimmune diseases. (globaltechbiz.com)
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threate- disorders and to shed a light on the role of ning blistering skin disease in which pa- mast cells in autoimmune diseases [ 7 ]. (who.int)
The role of BTLA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in humans and, more specifically, in SLE is largely unknown. (cnrs.fr)
Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. (cnrs.fr)
LEIPZIG, GERMANY - With age comes illness: Cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, increased infections, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism become more common. (medscape.com)
In the case of autoimmune diseases, this aging happens particularly quickly. (medscape.com)
The increased occurrence of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases is not due to a loss of function, but rather to newly gained, undesired functions. (medscape.com)
This potentially also explains the increased development of autoantibodies in older people and the association of viral and autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)
Human exposures to asbestiform elongate mineral particles (EMP) may lead to diffuse fibrosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and autoimmune diseases. (cdc.gov)

Borrelia infections do not only show humoral immune responses by antibodies, but can activate T-lymphocytes at the same time. (arminlabs.com)
However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating that lymphocyte proliferation does occur in humans treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies. (snmjournals.org)
The most consistent effects in peripheral blood cells after administering anti-CTLA4 antibodies have been limited to marginal increases in the surface expression of nonspecific activation markers predominantly on CD4+ T lymphocytes ( 16 - 18 ). (snmjournals.org)
Furthermore, levels of antibodies to matrilin 1, an extracellular matrix protein predominantly expressed in tracheal cartilage, were significantly higher in patients with relapsing polychondritis, especially in those with respiratory symptoms, than in patients with Wegener granulomatosis , systemic lupus erythematosus , or RA and in healthy controls. (medscape.com)
The core function of this immune system is executed by B lymphocytes, which recognize foreign bodies and eliminate them by producing antibodies. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
B lymphocytes can produce an unlimited number of different antibodies against a diverse array of foreign bodies by utilizing random rearrangement of gene segments encoding antibodies (immunoglobulin genes). (osaka-u.ac.jp)
It is our biggest issue to clarify what sorts of mechanisms make B lymphocytes to differentiate and proliferate, to select cells that recognize foreign bodies (good cells) or our body itself (bad cells), to eliminate bad cells and maintain good cells and to differentiate good cells into plasma cells, thereby leading to production of only good antibodies. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
Humoral memory is characterized by recall immune responses, which are more rapid than the primary response, and by the production of higher serum titers of antigen-specific antibodies, mostly of the IgG isotype. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
Molecular mimicry between antibodies directed against infectious agents (eg, bacteria, Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) and self-antigens has been implicated in SLE. (medscape.com)
Occupancy of CTLA\4 (cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 or CD152) negatively regulates the activation of mouse T lymphocytes, seeing that indicated with the destiny of CTLA\4\deficient mice, with the influence of anti\CTLA\4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on mouse T\cell activation and by the influence of CTLA\4 blockade within the course of experimental tumoral, autoimmune, alloimmune or infectious disease with this animal. (technuc.com)
Number 5 Blocking anti\cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 (CTLA\4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) increase cytokine production inside a polyclonal CD80\dependent T\cell activation assay. (technuc.com)
Desk 2 Anti\cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 (CTLA\4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) augment alloimmune response of individual T cells in secondary combined lymphocyte response (MLR) Anti\CTLA\4 mAbs were also added to main MLR of peripheral blood T lymphocytes against allogeneic monocyte\derived dendritic cells, acquired by tradition of purified peripheral blood monocytes with GM\CSF and IL\4 for 7 days. (technuc.com)
Herein we used a single bicistronic lentiviral vector to develop a new combination immunotherapy that consists of human anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to secrete human anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies at the tumor site. (oncotarget.com)
However, immunization with recombinant gp120 does not elicit neutralizing antibodies against multiple HIV-1 isolates, and failed to demonstrate efficacy in recent clinical trials. (scielo.br)
Based on crystallographic studies of gp120 molecules from HIV-1 and SIV and on studies of antibody structures, a number of strategies are being pursued to induce broadly neutralizing anti-gp120 antibodies. (scielo.br)
Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are human monoclonal antibodies that block ligand binding to PD-1, leading to T cell activation. (acc.org)
10 Newer anti-PD-1 antibodies, such as pidilizumab, as well as several anti-PD-L1 antibodies are currently under study. (acc.org)
B lymphocytes make antibodies and let the T lymphocytes know when pathogens show up. (drjockers.com)
Antibodies are part of the immunoglobin family and are a type of protein that can lock antigens. (drjockers.com)
Antibodies attach to antigens and mark them as cells called phagocytes in order to kill them. (drjockers.com)
They communicate with cells, prompt B cells to produce antibodies and phagocytes to kill antigens. (drjockers.com)
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a therapeutic preparation of polyspecific antibodies isolated from pools of plasma obtained from several thousand healthy blood donors [1]. (academie-medecine.fr)

Suppression of experimental allergic neuritis by an antibody to the intracellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. (2medicalcare.com)
Inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by an antibody to the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. (2medicalcare.com)
Inhibition of experimental autoimmune neuritis by an antibody to the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. (2medicalcare.com)
Attenuation of experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat by treatment with an antibody to L-selectin. (2medicalcare.com)
Pre-Made Efalizumab biosimilar, Whole mAb, Anti-ITGAL Antibody: Anti-CD11A/LFA-1/LFA1A therapeutic antibody is a biosimilar expressed by mammalian cell line as a benchmark reference therapeutic antibody for biological drug disovery items including cell culture, assay development, animal model development, PK/PD model development (Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamic) and mechanism of action (MOA) research. (genemedi.net)
The following product was used in this experiment: CD279 (PD-1) Monoclonal Antibody (J43), Biotin, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 13-9985-82, RRID AB_467023. (thermofisher.com)
Description: The J43 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse PD-1 (programmed death-1), a 55 kDa member of the Ig superfamily. (thermofisher.com)
Applications Tested: The J43 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of Con A-simulated mouse splenocytes and mouse PD-1 transfected cells. (thermofisher.com)
The evidence for an autoimmune etiology includes pathological findings of infiltrating T cells, the presence of antigen-antibody complexes in affected cartilage, cellular and humoral responses against collagen type II and other collagen antigens, and the observation that immunosuppressive regimens most often suppress the disease. (medscape.com)
In the GC, the combined processes of somatic hypermutation and selection based on the affinity of the BCR for the antigen, are responsible for the generation of high-affinity antibody variants which ultimately differentiate into long-lived plasma cells or long-lived memory B cells. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
Plasma was collected at baseline and 6 weeks after ICI initiation and tested in a microarray of 120 autoantigens commonly associated with autoimmune disease, as well as antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP). (bmj.com)
The antibody response to HIV-1 in vivo is direct against several viral proteins. (scielo.br)
17 Similarly, in a phase I trial, 1 patient of a total of 207 patients treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody was diagnosed with myocarditis. (acc.org)
Traditionally, B cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for antibody production via maturation into plasma cells (ie, humoral immunity), and T cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for killing other cells or organisms (ie, cellular immunity). (medscape.com)
When T-cell deficiency is especially severe or involves the T-helper cell function, the deficiency causes an antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
They have poor antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens but elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) with low levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM). (medscape.com)
Each antibody has a special function and can help to protect you from a specific antigen. (drjockers.com)
Cohort 1 and Cohort 2: Prior therapy must have included: - Anthracycline or bendamustine-containing chemotherapy and - Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy and - Ibrutinib or acalabrutinib Cohort 3: Prior therapy must have included anthracycline, bendamustine-, or high dose cytarabine-containing chemotherapy and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy. (who.int)
1) Antibody deficiency disorders are defects in immunoglobulin-producing B cells . (lu.se)

T-cell activation is generally self-limited as activated T cells express receptors such as PD-1 (also known as PDCD-1) that mediate inhibitory signals from the APC. (thermofisher.com)
In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)

Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
For the most part, these two forms of IL-1 bind to the same cellular receptor. (dadamo.com)
The IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1Ra, is an agent which binds to the same receptor on the cell surface as IL-1, and thus prevents IL-1 from sending a signal to that cell. (dadamo.com)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma and results in a unique toxicity profile, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. (chemnews-japan.com)
Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
Knockout of the PD-1 receptor in mice causes severe dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by high levels of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies that react specifically to cardiac troponin I. 12,13 In mouse models of lupus and other experimentally induced inflammatory states, inhibition of the PD-1 pathway has been recognized as an essential mediator of autoimmune myocarditis 14-16 and is similarly associated with high-titer autoantibodies against cardiac myosin. (acc.org)
The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
Here we compared T-cell functions including the number of circulating CD3 + T cells, in vitro responses to mitogens, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, TCR excision circles (TREC) levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) enumeration in several immunodeficinecy subtypes, clinically presenting with nonreactive residual cells (MHC-II deficiency) or reactive cells. (hindawi.com)
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. (cnrs.fr)
Genes associated with this disease have functions of controlling the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen 4, InterLeukin-2, InterLeukin-2 receptor A, and Eos, and HLA. (atomictherapy.org)
Here, decreasing stimulation via the B-cell receptor by aging T-lymphocytes makes a difference. (medscape.com)
205. Prior chimeric antigen receptor therapy or other genetically modified T cell therapy 206. (who.int)
ABSTRACT Reported associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus vary across ethnic groups. (who.int)

To reach the stated goal, there are two specific aims: 1) Analysis of the role of costimulatory adhesion pathways LFA-l/ICAM-1, VLA-4/VCAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3 + CD59, in post-thymus differentiation and maturation of human CD4+ T-cells under in vitro cell culture conditions. (grantome.com)
In particular focussed on regulation of cell surface expression of activation and differentiation antigens, and production of T-cell cytokines. (grantome.com)
The main ligand of LFA-1 is ICAM-1, and the LFA-1/ICAM interaction stimulates signaling pathways that influence T cell differentiation. (immune-system-research.com)
For example, Omenn syndrome, a typical case of impaired T-cell differentiation with abnormal self-reactive cells, is invariably characterized by autoimmune features such as generalized scaly exudative erythroderma, enlarged lymphoid tissues, and peripheral expansion of oligoclonal T-cells, in addition to increased susceptibility for severe infections [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
A clear example of the critical role of CTLA4 on tolerance is the striking phenotype of CTLA4 knock-out mice, which develop rapid T-cell proliferation and autoimmune infiltration of multiple organs shortly after birth ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
Meanwhile IL-27 exerts proinflammatory effects by promoting Th1, CD8, natural killer (NK), T follicular helper (Tfh), and B cell proliferation/functions and by inhibiting Treg and Th2 cell generation in parasites infection [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Methylation by PRMT1 hinders methylation by PRMT5, which augments E2F-1-dependent apoptosis, whereas PRMT5-dependent methylation favors proliferation by antagonizing methylation by PRMT1. (embl.de)
Number 6 Blocking the cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 (CTLA\4)CCD80/CD86 connection enhances T\cell proliferation and cytotoxic reactions. (technuc.com)
In vitro, BMS-587101 effectively inhibits LFA-1 mediated T-cell proliferation in human HUVEC cells. (immune-system-research.com)
In addition, it can block the proliferation of human T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. (immune-system-research.com)
1 Signaling through CTLA-4 counteracts CD28-mediated costimulation and induces an inhibitory program that stops T cell proliferation. (acc.org)
Furthermore, because IL-17s assignments in inducing isotypic switching, recruiting neutrophils, and inducing proliferation, it strongly shows that Th17 cells might come with an intrinsic function in both disease development and advancement. (isct-eu2018.com)
Through the immune system response, antigen-specific connections result in proliferation of just reactive T cells, this, subsequently, network marketing leads to clonotypic reduction and limitation in variety26C28. (isct-eu2018.com)

however, the pathogenesis is autoimmune. (medscape.com)
The specificity of autoimmune injury to cartilaginous tissues has led investigators to test the hypothesis that a cartilage-specific autoantibody is central to the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis. (medscape.com)
The discovery and characterization of new antigens implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D is a high priority as it can lead to new diagnostic tools and anticipate that studies proposed by Dr. Baker will provide critical information to target autoreactive T cells though antigen-specific therapies. (cuanschutz.edu)
Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)

These theories hold that in SLE, the immune system generates autoantibodies to foreign antigens, and these autoantibodies, in turn, attack the patient's own tissues. (medscape.com)
The self-reactive immunoglobulins referred to as natural autoantibodies (NAbs) have been shown to exert homeostatic roles [1]. (academie-medecine.fr)
Alopecia Areata is a systemic autoimmune disorder where autoantibodies are driven against anagen hair follicle. (atomictherapy.org)

In the GC reaction, de novo generated antigen-specific memory B cells are thought to acquire intrinsically different traits from their naive predecessors, accounting for more rapid and heightened secondary responses. (osaka-u.ac.jp)

She is currently engaged in efforts to identify allosteric inhibitors of ITK that could be used in combination with active site kinase inhibitors to target ITK and thereby interfere with autoimmune T cell infiltration. (cuanschutz.edu)
These cells expand in the periphery, causing tissue infiltration and damage due to breakdown of both central (e.g., autoimmune regulator, AIRE protein dysfunction) and peripheral (FOXP3 + deficiency) tolerance mechanisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
immune destruction of insulin-pro- vestigate the relationship of VDR gene ducing beta cells by T-cell infiltration polymorphism to the risk of type 1 DM DNA isolation and PCR experiments of the pancreatic islets [1]. (who.int)

The diagnosis of HS includes a spectrum of inherited or acquired defects in cytotoxic lymphocyte function, often with uncontrolled infections. (scirp.org)
HS is often described in binary terms as "primary," indicating Mendelian inheritance of gene mutations resulting in cytotoxic lymphocyte dys- function, or "secondary" indicating an acquired reactive disorder. (scirp.org)

Despite occasional cases of expansion of melanoma-specific T cells ( 14 , 15 ), the bulk of the data suggest that there is no detectable expansion of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes, in particular when focusing on CD8+ T-cell responses. (snmjournals.org)
Mechanistic studies revealed that this progression was mediated by suppressed TNFα levels, both locally and systemically, resulting in reduced expression of tumor endothelial adhesion molecules, particularly intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and a subsequent decrease in the number of activated and effector CD8 + T cells in the tumor. (aacrjournals.org)
As an evasion mechanism, many tumors are able to stimulate the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, resulting in an exhausted phenotype of T cells that cannot restrain tumor progression [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
While immune checkpoint inhibitors are very effective in cancer treatment, their effect is not only limited to tumor cell and they have many autoimmune side effects. (cuanschutz.edu)

Here, we recovered transcriptome and immune repertoire information for polyclonal T follicular helper cells following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8+ T cells with binding specificity restricted to two distinct LCMV peptides, and B and T cells isolated from the nervous system in the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (nature.com)

Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)

4 ]. A relationship between activated or lymphocytes and enzyme-linked immuno- memory-effector lymphocyte populations sorbent assay (ELISA) for CD117. (who.int)

There are a few molecules of the IL-1 family. (dadamo.com)
It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by T lymphocytes that are themselves stimulated by cognate peptides bound to MHC molecules on antig en-presenting cells (APC). (thermofisher.com)
It also induces vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), L-selectin, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and additional TCS ERK 11e (VX-11e) molecules that can result in the homing of immune cells to the glands12. (isct-eu2018.com)
Moreover, while the mainstay of the diagnosis of MHC-II deficiency is the absence of constitutive and inducible expression of MHC-II molecules on all cell types, other tests for T-cell function are less informative in such patients. (hindawi.com)

Herein, we review the role of ICAM-1 during both autoimmunity and islet graft rejection to understand the mechanism(s) leading to islet ß-cell death and dysfunction that results in insufficient circulating quantities of insulin to control glucose homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
For instance, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells play important functions in hepatocellular damage, antiviral defenses TC-A-2317 HCl supplier (to hepatitis viruses), or autoimmunity [5, 6]. (globaltechbiz.com)

The mechanisms that underlie and dictate the different biological outcomes of E2F-1 activity have yet to be elucidated. (embl.de)
The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
His work has ranged from exploring the mechanisms contributing to T cell effector function to investigating the role of new beta-cell autoantigens. (cuanschutz.edu)
Dr. Benninger's research focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying pancreatic islet function and decline in type1 and type2 diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
A major focus has been understanding the role of intra-islet communication and functional sub-populations of cells in islet function, and how disruption to intra-islet communication mechanisms and changes in sub-populations occur in diabetes and may contribute to islet decline. (cuanschutz.edu)
A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms relevant to gene-environment interactions is needed to deliver etiology-based autoimmune disease prevention and treatment strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
Despite the fact that IVIG is used for more than two decades in the treatment of a number of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms that account for its beneficial effect have not been completely elucidated. (academie-medecine.fr)

These tests give us information about the cellular immune response towards Borrelia antigens. (arminlabs.com)
They are generated by immunizing an animal with an antigen to elicit an immune response. (cellsignal.cn)
Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
T lymphocytes, also called T cells or Th cells help to coordinate the immune response. (drjockers.com)

The identification of cognate antigen sets off activation, cytokine secretion, and proliferation25. (isct-eu2018.com)

Efalizumab binds to the CD11a subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 and acts as an immunosuppressant by inhibiting lymphocyte activation and cell migration out of blood vessels into tissues. (wikipedia.org)
ICAM-1 interacts with the ß2-integrins, CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), which are present on discrete immune cell populations. (bvsalud.org)
Of all ß2-integrins, T cells, including Treg, only express CD11a/CD18, termed lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), on their surface. (bvsalud.org)
Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 ( LFA-1 ), also known as CD11a/CD18 and αLβ2, is a member of the β2-integrin family found on lymphocytes and other leukocytes. (immune-system-research.com)
The amino-terminal region of the CD11a (αL) subunit of LFA-1 contains an inserted domain (termed the I-domain). (immune-system-research.com)

PD-1 contains the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and plays a key role in peripheral tolerance and autoimmune disease in mice. (thermofisher.com)
Further evaluation of 1 mg CEA peptide with stronger adjuvants, and/or combined with agents to overcome immune inhibitory pathways, may be warranted in PC pts. (bmj.com)
as applicable for subjects in cohort 1 and cohort 2) at the time the subject is planned for leukapheresis, except for systemic inhibitory/stimulatory immune checkpoint therapy. (who.int)

its presence on the cell surface provides co-stimulatory functions for immune cell activation and stabilization of cell-cell contacts. (bvsalud.org)
They are encoded by separate but linked genes termed regulation of complement activation (RCA) genes, located on the q32 region of chromosome 1. (medscape.com)
It was reported recently that PPARγ activation by its agonistic ligands modifies lymphocyte function. (jci.org)
Piperlongumine inhibited inflammatory mediators and adherence of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 to MH-S cells following TDM activation. (chemnews-japan.com)
In contrast to CTLA-4, signaling through the PD-1 pathway occurs primarily during the late phase of T cell activation. (acc.org)

B cell responses to the PNS protein P0 in experimental autoimmune neuritis. (2medicalcare.com)
Borrelia burgdorferi LFA-1 (Lymphocyte Function Antigen 1): Own body protein + Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (shared epitope). (arminlabs.com)
One protein central to antigen presentation, priming of immune cells, trafficking of leukocytes, and vital for leukocyte effector function is the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). (bvsalud.org)
A whole-body ICAM-1 deletion protects NOD mice from diabetes onset, strongly implicating this protein in autoimmune responses. (bvsalud.org)
To test our hypothesis that histone H4R3 and H3R17 methylation regulates ferritin transcription, H4R3 and H3R17 protein arginine (R) methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1 and PRMT4) were investigated. (embl.de)
We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5 and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. (embl.de)
The Tudor domain protein p100-TSN reads the symmetric methylation mark, and binding of p100-TSN downregulates E2F-1 apoptotic activity. (embl.de)
Five friends of methylated chromatin target of protein-arginine-methyltransferase[prmt]-1 (chtop), a complex linking arginine methylation to desumoylation. (embl.de)
Two sets of primers were used for DNA amplification targeting the specific sequence of a 529 bp repeat element and another set of primers was utilised for the surface antigen protein-1 gene. (chemnews-japan.com)
To date, development of these agents has focused on two major targets: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway. (acc.org)

Although both SLE and DILE are autoimmune disorders and can have similar clinical and laboratory features (see the Table below), research suggests different mechanistic pathways (see Pathophysiology). (medscape.com)
The goal of this research proposal is to study in detail the recently established T-cell costimulatory roles of the adhesion pathways LFA-l/ICAM-1, VLA-4/VCAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3 + CD59. (grantome.com)
2) Analysis of early signal transduction pathways involved in the costimulatory function of the costimulatory adhesion pathways LFA-l/ICAM-1, VLA-4/VCAM-1, and CD2/LFA-3 + CD59. (grantome.com)
The unique characteristic of this study will be the utilization of affinity purified natural ligands, namely ICAM-1, VCAM-1, LFA-3 and CD59, to study the contribution of the various pathways in isolation. (grantome.com)

Interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms are associated with nutritional status and inflammation in patients with end-stage renal disease. (dadamo.com)
It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease in which IL-1 plays a key role. (dadamo.com)
Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a clinically rare autoimmune disease that is characterized in clinical practice by fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. (scirp.org)
HS may also arise as the result of persistent antigen stimulation due to autoimmune disease or malignancy. (scirp.org)
Most patients with DILE have 1 or more clinical symptoms of SLE, such as arthralgias, lymphadenopathy, rash, and fever, and have had no prior history of autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
No specific criteria establish the diagnosis of DILE, and excluding underlying autoimmune disease is not a simple process. (medscape.com)
Hashimoto's disease is a condition that affects the function of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the lower neck. (medlineplus.gov)
Hashimoto's disease affects 1 to 2 percent of people in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
Hashimoto's disease is classified as an autoimmune disorder, one of a large group of conditions that occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. (medlineplus.gov)
People with Hashimoto's disease have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune disorders, including vitiligo , rheumatoid arthritis , Addison disease, type 1 diabetes , multiple sclerosis , and pernicious anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
Other genes that have been associated with Hashimoto's disease help regulate the immune system or are involved in normal thyroid function. (medlineplus.gov)
However, the condition can cluster in families, and having a close relative with Hashimoto's disease or another autoimmune disorder likely increases a person's risk of developing the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting both the brain and the spinal cord. (bdbiosciences.com)
Methods Patients with a PS 0-1, HLA-A2+ and CEA-expressing, previously-treated PC were randomized to receive 10 μg (arm A), 100 μg (arm B) or 1000 μg (arm C) of CEA peptide emulsified in Montanide and GM-CSF, given every 2 weeks until disease progression. (bmj.com)
demonstrated that LFA-1 small-molecule antagonists have the ability to improve the disease in rheumatoid arthritis. (immune-system-research.com)
Ocular cGVHD, similar to other forms of autoimmune-mediated ocular surface disease, creates inflammatory damage to the lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, cornea, and conjunctiva. (medscape.com)
2. What Is an Autoimmune Disease? (squareonepublishers.com)
This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
Evidence linking sunlight, vitamin D, and the risk of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes is summarized to develop the thesis that vitamin D is the environmental factor that most strongly influences autoimmune disease development. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions and potentially informative future research directions are highlighted to speed delivery of etiology-based strategies to reduce autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
It is very likely that IFN- plays a role in early disease development as well as the symptoms by bringing in invasive lymphocytes TCS ERK 11e (VX-11e) as well as hindering gland development, which in turn exacerbates glandular dysfunction. (isct-eu2018.com)
It shares genetic risk with autoimmune conditions like Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, Rheumatoid Arthritis and may accompany each other.It may be the only manifestation of Celiac disease. (atomictherapy.org)
genetic and environmental factors seem to increase the susceptibility of some individuals in developing this severe inflammatory disease (1) ( Fig. 1 ). (bvsalud.org)

Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
It has been reported that IL-27 performs an anti-inflammatory function by acting on conventional CD4 + T cells to induce IL-10-producing cells that are implicated in controlling inflammatory responses [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The prevailing view is that antigen-specific B cells are maintained as a pool of memory B cells after clonal expansion during the primary immune responses. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
We conclude that HTLV-II infection may inhibit immunologic responses to respiratory infections and that both HTLV-I and -II may induce inflammatory or autoimmune reactions. (cdc.gov)
To generate beneficial responses, the immune system should eradicate pathogens while "respecting" the organism and tolerating irrelevant antigens. (frontiersin.org)
By discussing the EMF modulating effects on cell functions, we envisage the use of EMF as a therapeutic agent to regulate immune responses associated with wound healing. (frontiersin.org)
IFN-I have potent direct antiviral activities, also mediate a multiplicity of immunoregulatory functions, which can either promote or dampen antiviral adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Conclusions The T cell response in this randomized phase I trial was dose-dependent with the 1 mg CEA peptide dose eliciting the most robust T cell responses. (bmj.com)
Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
Immune cells that reside in or travel through the liver have the potential to initiate either (a) innate and adaptive immune responses in case of infections, for example, in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacterial superantigens or (b) immunological tolerance to the vast majority of TC-A-2317 HCl supplier harmless antigens during homeostasis [1]. (globaltechbiz.com)
They provide help for antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to initiate and promote adaptive immune responses. (globaltechbiz.com)

Evidence reported to date suggests overlapping functions for these ligands and their constitutive expression on some normal tissues and upregulation on activated antigen-presenting cells. (thermofisher.com)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)

Treg cells are responsible for regulating the number and function of autoreactive T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

Selection between foreign antigen-reactive good (green) or self-reactive bad (red) B cells. (osaka-u.ac.jp)
In contrast, patients with self-reactive cells have significant autoimmune features in addition to their clinical and molecular immunodeficient state. (hindawi.com)

The gene encoding ICAM-1 is transcriptionally regulated and rapidly responsive (i.e., within hours) to pro-inflammatory cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: To investigate effects of the IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms on wasting and inflammation, we studied 189 ESRD patients (52+/- 12 years, 62% males) close to the start of renal replacement therapy. (dadamo.com)
CONCLUSION: The investigated IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms were associated with nutritional status and inflammation in ESRD patients, but marked differences were found between the genders. (dadamo.com)

Perturbing agents, such as toxic compounds ( 1 ), ionizing radiation ( 2 ), and some pathogens ( 3 ) can compromise the integrity of the immune system as they damage immune cells and/or irreversibly alter some immune functions. (frontiersin.org)
The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)
portal vein is usually rich of potential antigens produced from the gut-resident commensal microflora, ingested food, or also pathogens under infectious conditions. (globaltechbiz.com)

Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 (IL-2) play a key role in mediating inflammation in MS. TNF-α can cross the blood brain barrier and its levels are elevated in the CNS of autoimmune patients. (bdbiosciences.com)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
Nowadays, CD4 T-helper cells are divided into four major subsets, based on their manifestation profile of transcription factors and secreted cytokines: Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Treg) (Physique 1). (globaltechbiz.com)

In humans, loss-of-function mutations in the common subunit CD18 result in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 (LAD-1). (bvsalud.org)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops due to autoimmune targeting of the pancreatic islet ß-cells. (bvsalud.org)
Dr. Aturk's research is focused on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced type 1 diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
One of the permanent endocrine side effects is type 1 diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
A goal of Dr. Akturk's lab is to identify risk factors to develop diabetes and develop screening algorithms to prevent morbidity and mortality related to diabetic ketoacidosis and understand PD-1 pathway in possible prevention of the development of childhood onset type 1 diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
Dr. Alonso's primary academic interest is redesigning the system in which care is provided to children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. (cuanschutz.edu)
A group of 69 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 45 unrelated healthy subjects were recruited. (who.int)

Two novel B7 Family members have been identified as PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC). (thermofisher.com)
PD-1 can bind two different but related ligands, PDL-1 and PDL-2. (thermofisher.com)

1 PD-1 binds to PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1) and PD-L2 (programmed death ligand-2) on antigen-presenting cells to induce anergy in effector T cells. (acc.org)

The cerebrospinal fluid study showed hyperproteinuria and a Epstein Barr predominantly lymphocyte count of 450 cells with preserved glycorrhachia, without the presence of bacteria. (bvsalud.org)

SCID patients presenting with circulating T cells show different patterns of T-cell activity and regulatory T cells enumeration that dictates the immunodeficient and autoimmune manifestations. (hindawi.com)

However, clinically relevant toxicities, most often autoimmune or inflammatory, developed in a significant proportion of patients, in the range of 20%−30% ( 11 - 13 ). (snmjournals.org)
A distinctive feature of SCID patients, which sometimes can clinically resemble Omenn, [ 6 ] is the presence of alloreactive cells originated from transplacentally maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
No clinicallly significant pleural effusion for subjects in cohort 1 and cohort 2 and no clinically significant pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites for subjects in cohort 3. (who.int)

Two autosomal recessive syndromes involving DNA repair indicate some interaction between the immune system and neurologic function. (medscape.com)

The incidence of PIDs varies greatly from about 1:500 births with selective IgA deficiency to only a few known cases for the rarest disorders. (lu.se)

Its thought to be systemic autoimmune disorder affecting anagen hairfollicle.Its T-cell mediated inflamatory non scarring condition. (atomictherapy.org)
[ 1 , 2 ] SCARs include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS or HSS) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). (medscape.com)

Clinical symptoms vary depending on the extent of residual ß2-integrin function, and patients may experience leukocytosis and recurrent infections. (bvsalud.org)
Male patients with thrombocytopenia and eczema may have Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome with defective T-cell function and resultant recurrent infections. (medscape.com)
While all cells are functionally deficient, resulting in high susceptibility to infections, only some of these cells are causing autoimmune symptoms. (hindawi.com)

IVIG acts at various levels of autoimmune response such as initiation, amplification and effector phase by targeting various soluble and cellular compartments of the immune system. (academie-medecine.fr)

Therefore, any T-cell disorder theoretically has the potential to cause defective B-cell function. (medscape.com)
Intro Sj?grens syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the swelling of secretory glands, namely the lacrimal and salivary glands (SG) leading to keratoconjunctivitis and xerostomia i.e. dry eyes and dry mouth1. (isct-eu2018.com)

At the same time, it "ignores" microorganisms and/or antigens that do not represent a danger for the host. (frontiersin.org)

7 Moreover, PD-1 blockade may be particularly beneficial when combined with anti-CTLA4 therapy in specific patient populations. (acc.org)

As of January 1, 2022, Oncotarget has shifted to a continuous publishing model. (oncotarget.com)

This mini-review aims to delineate the role of LFA-1 for the induction, maintenance, and regulatory function of Treg in vitro and in vivo as deduced from observations using the various ß2-integrin-deficient mouse models. (bvsalud.org)
The dried, unit-sized, preformulated and optimized BD Horizon™ Dri Treg Panel contains markers used for the characterization of FoxP3+ naïve, translational and effector Treg subsets, directly relevant for autoimmune research. (bdbiosciences.com)

IL-27 binds to IL-27ra and gp-130 complex, which is expressed on multiple cell types, including T lymphocytes [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

have extended the conclusion that STIM1 functions as a critical regulator for inducing calcium influx to primary mast cells, by analyzing STIM1knock-out mice. (osaka-u.ac.jp)

18 A recent case report described a 73-year-old patient with metastatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab who developed autoimmune myocarditis, resulting in severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure. (acc.org)

In accordance with preclinical data, autoimmune myocarditis has been reported with both anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1 therapies. (acc.org)

[ 3 ] The clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of these syndromes are summarized in Table 1 . (medscape.com)

Our adaptive immunity, also called acquired immunity, is composed of lymphocyte cells that are triggered when a specific pathogen enters the body. (squareonepublishers.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms13

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Diseases32

Antibodies22

Antibody19

Receptors4

Receptor15

Differentiation4

Proliferation10

Pathogenesis5

Autoantibodies3

Generated antigen-specific1

Infiltration3

Cytotoxic lymphocyte2

Tumor4

Experimental autoimmune enceph1

Induction of effector functions2

Assay1

Molecules5

Autoimmunity2

Mechanisms9

Immune response4

Cognate1

CD11a5

Inhibitory3

Activation5

Protein10

Pathways4

Disease23

Responses12

Tissues2

Autoreactive T cells1

Self-reactive2

Gene3

Pathogens3

Cytokines3

Subunit1

Type 1 diabet6

Ligands2

Cells to induce1

Predominantly1

Regulatory T cel1

Clinically3

Autosomal recessive1

Disorders1

Systemic2

Infections3

Cellular1

Disorder2

Microorganisms1

Blockade1

20221

Treg2

Binds1

Mice1

Dysfunction1

Therapies1

Clinical1

Adaptive immunity1