• The aim of the current study was to expand upon our previous work and identify additional antigens recognized by the ASD-specific maternal autoantibodies, as well as to map the unique ASD-specific epitopes using microarray technology. (nih.gov)
  • Testing of IgG autoantibodies to human cellular antigens was performed by the HEp-2 cell immunofluorescence assay using slides from INOVA Diagnostics, San Diego, CA (Cat # 508100) following the manufacturer's instructions. (cdc.gov)
  • Testing of IgG autoantibodies to human cellular antigens was performed on samples that showed a 3+ or greater immunofluorescence staining using immunoprecipitation assays by a standard method (Reeves WH,et al. (cdc.gov)
  • A characteristic feature of patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) is detection of high levels of autoantibodies to intracellular "self" antigens in the serum. (bmj.com)
  • In the second part of the talk on pathogenic mechanisms of autoantibodies, I will focus on antibodies to intracellular antigens and to membrane-bound antigens and discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms for these two classes of autoantibodies. (hstalks.com)
  • The presence of autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), directed against intracellular antigens is a hallmark of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) 1 . (jrheum.org)
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease with autoantibodies against cellular (particularly nuclear) antigens, some of which are critically implicated in the autoimmune pathology while others provide valuable serodiagnostic markers for the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These types of diseases occur when self molecules, often unknown antigens (auto-antigens), are seen by the immune system as non-self and are thereby attacked immunologically by the production of autoantibodies against them. (intechopen.com)
  • Serum autoantibodies respond not only to tumor‑associated antigens of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but also to those of liver cirrhosis (LC) and chronic hepatitis (CH). The present prospective multi‑institutional study evaluated the diagnostic properties of six autoantibodies in distinguishing HCC from LC and CH. A total of 416 participants were enrolled: 149 With HCC, 76 with LC, 103 with CH and 88 healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Owing to their enhanced signals, autoantibodies may be more useful as immunodiagnostic markers for cancer detection than tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them. (lookformedical.com)
  • Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. (lookformedical.com)
  • Myositis Autoantigen Expression Correlates With Muscle Regeneration but Not Autoantibody Specificity. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusions There are multiple citrullination sites in the FBG domain of tenascin-C. Among these, one epitope is recognised by autoantibodies that are detected years before disease onset, and which may serve as a useful biomarker to identify ACPA-positive patients with high sensitivity and specificity in established disease. (bmj.com)
  • In contrast to cellular immune responses in cancer, autoantibodies are less well characterized, yet hold promise to enable cancer early detection by immune amplification of the "cancer signal" while retaining specificity to cancer types including RCC. (medpagetoday.com)
  • and (3) determine specificity and sensitivity of potential autoantibody biomarkers for ccRCC vs other non-cancer conditions. (medpagetoday.com)
  • 4 No autoantibody has been demonstrated in every case and all lack specificity. (bmj.com)
  • The specificity of autoantibodies in patients and in their relatives is frequently, but not always, similar. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Incorporation of these additional serological targets increased the sensitivity of autoantibody testing for SS to ~80% without decreasing specificity. (nih.gov)
  • [ 99 ] However, anti-GOR seems to be anti-hepatitis C core antibodies cross-reacting with a nuclear self-antigen rather than being a proper autoantibody. (medscape.com)
  • Detection of the bound autoantibody-antigen complex is made via fluorescently labeled antihuman immunoglobulin G or other immunoglobulin isotype secondary antibodies and quantification in a microarray scanner. (nih.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and clinical and serological associations of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (anti-P antibodies) in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and investigate the immunobiological nature of autoantibody clustering in which anti-P antibodies play a part. (bmj.com)
  • Current experiments are addressing the mechanisms of specific autoantigens and autoantibodies, and whether these antibodies can be used as biomarkers for early disease identification. (nih.gov)
  • In SLE results, anti-DFS70/LEDGF antibodies were not significantly associated with clinical features or other autoantibodies typically found in SLE. (jrheum.org)
  • they reported that anti-DFS70 antibodies were common among ANA-positive individuals with no evidence of SARD and that among autoimmune patients bearing this autoantibody, over half had evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis 10 . (jrheum.org)
  • All human and porcine retrobulbar autoantigens were negative including the aforementioned 55, 67, and 220 kDa protein antibodies despite the presence of metastatic thyroid tissue. (bmj.com)
  • Her general autoantibody profile was negative for antinuclear antibodies, gastric parietal cell, smooth muscle, liver/kidney microsomal, mitochondrial and reticulin. (bmj.com)
  • In autoimmune disorders, the immune system produces antibodies to an endogenous antigen (autoantigen). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Antibodies to a foreign antigen may cross-react with an unaltered autoantigen (eg, antibodies to streptococcal M protein may cross-react with human heart muscle). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Results: Mice engrafted with PBMC derived from SSc patients developed autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA) mimicking the pattern of the respective donors. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Formerly known as apolipoprotein H, it is an autoantigen in patients with ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES. (lookformedical.com)
  • The presence of autoantibodies has been observed not only in cancer but also in autoimmune, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases ( 9 - 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis were used in a variety of cell cultures including human, monkey, hamster, mouse and bovine cells to analyze the presence of autoantibodies in a GLPL patient. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using these methods, we found that plasma from healthy individuals contains hundreds of autoantibodies complexed with cellular proteins. (nih.gov)
  • In relatives of diabetics, the appearance of multiple autoantibodies to islet-associated proteins (insulin, GAD, IA2), combined with HLA genotyping, has been proven to reliably predict susceptibility to T1D. (nih.gov)
  • rarely, proteins other than the P proteins are also recognised as autoantigens. (bmj.com)
  • This research in mouse models and human patients showed that atherosclerosis is associated with the generation of autoantibodies against self-proteins that are expressed in arterial plaques. (nih.gov)
  • Autoantibodies are common in cancer and result from the altered expression, localization, or post-translational modification of endogenous proteins in tumor cells (autoantigens) and from the expression of mutated genes that give rise to new proteins (neoantigens). (medpagetoday.com)
  • In the initial analysis of the autoantibody profile in 39 Chinese BD patients, autoantibodies to cellular proteins were uncovered in 23% as determined by immunoblotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending on various disease environments, the presence of abnormal proteins may lead to antigenicity, which can drive the humoral immune response to produce serum autoantibodies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By using a complex of proteins expressed in baculovirus, immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the INCENP protein is a major autoantigen in this patient with GLPL syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kaplan determined that this process also causes the neutrophils to release autoantigens-such as host DNA and histones and other proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Completing the Immunological Fingerprint by Refractory Proteins: Autoantibody Screening via an Improved Immunoblotting Technique. (molvisindex.org)
  • Although findings suggested a similar tertiary structure and function for the 2 proteins, they also suggested that inability to detect a high prevalence of anti-hMPO antibody in hyperthyroid cats may be attributable to antigenic differences between the human and feline proteins rather than a lack of autoantibody. (avmi.net)
  • Initial clinical test by IF on standard human HEP2-fixed cells indicated positive antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) and specific midbody localization (data not shown). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternatives to autoantibodies, such as measurements of T cell reactivity to islet autoantigens, could provide a needed measure of functional autoimmunity, but such assays are currently technically demanding and not validated in clinical settings. (nih.gov)
  • Increasing amounts of research evidence supports the possibility that it is an immune-mediated vasculitis, and that abnormal T-cell and B-cell reactions and autoantigen-driven autoimmunity play pivotal roles [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The occasional development of autoimmunity in GLPL patients could serve as a test in continuing efforts to detect this disease and for a more directed therapy based on the autoantigen response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the past 5 years much attention has been paid to the fact that many environmental factors known to be involved in the onset of autoimmunity lead to enhanced apoptosis, and to the finding that during apoptosis many autoantigens are uniquely modified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusion: This humanized mouse model is indicative for cross-reactivity of human lymphocytes to murine autoantigens and argues for a pivotal role of B cells as well as of sustained autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of SSc. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The examination of LKM autoantibodies in HCV patients revealed that, although anti-CYP 2D6 titers are similar to titers in AIH type 2, differences exist regarding the epitopes recognized by LKM autoantibodies. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, the B cell epitopes on melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 that are recognized by these autoantibodies have been identified. (nih.gov)
  • The autoantibodies inhibited the activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 and appeared to be directed against mainly conformational epitopes. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with ccRCC exhibit a rich repertoire of rare, enriched epitopes which may comprise putative autoantibody signal. (medpagetoday.com)
  • One such modification that creates novel epitopes might be the citrullination of an as yet undefined RA-specific autoantigen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previously, we reported the identification of autoantibodies against the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 in patients with vitiligo. (nih.gov)
  • Fetal Rhesus macaque brain tissues were separated by molecular weight and a fraction containing bands between 37 and 45 kDa was analyzed using 2-D gel electrophoresis, followed by peptide mass mapping using MALDI-TOF MS and TOF/TOF tandem MS/MS. Using this methodology, Neuron specific enolase (NSE) was identified as a target autoantigen and selected for epitope mapping. (nih.gov)
  • Whilst it is known that they are characterized by autoantibodies in both the systemic fluid and tissues [ 1 , 2 ], the detailed aetiology and pathogenesis of auto-immune diseases are still poorly understood [ 3 , 4 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Lupus is thought to be caused by an overactive immune system in which autoantibodies attack a body's own cells, tissues, and organs. (nih.gov)
  • Twelve weeks later, human autoantibodies were determined in blood of the recipient mice and affected tissues were analyzed for pathological changes by histology and immunohistochemistry. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • By contrast, PBMC derived from HD or GPA patients survived in recipient mice after transfer, but neither human autoantibodies nor inflammatory infiltrates in tissues were detected. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Interestingly, anti-CYP 2A6 autoantibodies are not detected in patients with AIH type 2 who exhibit high titers of LKM-1 autoantibodies. (medscape.com)
  • The determination of autoantibody titers from 1:80 to 1:1280 was performed by serial dilution on samples that showed a 3+ or greater nuclear and/or cytoplasmic immunofluorescence pattern. (cdc.gov)
  • Titers of serum autoantibodies to Sui1, RalA, p62, p53, c‑myc and NY‑ESO‑1 were determined using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Figuring out autoantigens of serological autoantibodies requires costly strategies, reminiscent of protein microarrays or IP+MS. Thus, sera are generally pre-screened for attention-grabbing immunopatterns by way of immunocytochemistry/immunohistochemistry. (molvisindex.org)
  • Since a 70-kDa protein was detected by immunoblotting, the antigen was initially termed DFS70, but the primary target autoantigen was eventually identified as the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) 6 or DNA-binding transcription coactivator p75 (reviewed by Ganapathy and Casiano 4 ). (jrheum.org)
  • In the cases of tienilic acid- and dihydralazine-induced hepatitis, patients have serum autoantibodies directed against cytochromes P450 2C9 and P450 1A2, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Several recent studies have demonstrated that serum autoantibodies may be useful for detecting various cancers at early stages ( 1 - 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To date, since neither a specific autoantibody nor pathognomonic pathological index is available to help establish the diagnosis of BD, it is largely or solely based on clinical manifestations [ 2 ], and a dilemma in diagnosis is not a rare occurrence in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the clinical significance of autoantibodies in liver cirrhosis (LC) or chronic hepatitis (CH) has not been studied extensively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We are currently expanding the autoimmune screening panel to include additional autoantigen targets and are determining the clinical significance of autoantibodies to these targets in individual SS cases. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we have found that 25 of 56 (45%) patients diagnosed with halothane hepatitis have autoantibodies that react with human cytochrome P450 2E1 that was purified from a baculovirus expression system. (nih.gov)
  • Immunopathology studies show in situ deposits of autoantibodies on the surface of epithelial cells and circulating autoantibodies that react with the surface of normal stratified squamous epithelia. (nih.gov)
  • An HCV-specific autoantibody, designated anti-GOR, that is present in at least 80% of sera from patients with hepatitis C was described. (medscape.com)
  • Recently, another autoantibody was detected in patients infected with HCV and the hepatitis G (HGV)/ GB-virus subtype C. About 2% of HCV-positive sera in general and 7.5% of LKM-1-positive HCV sera recognize CYP 2A6. (medscape.com)
  • This autoantibody appears to occur more frequently in HCV-infected patients with LKM-1 autoantibodies. (medscape.com)
  • [ 74 ] Anti-CYP 2A6 autoantibodies have also been detected in patients with APS-1. (medscape.com)
  • Several patients exhibited autoantibodies to more than one melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 epitope indicating a heterogeneous humoral response to the receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Coexisting autoantibodies against transcription factor Sp4 are associated with decreased cancer risk in patients with dermatomyositis with anti-TIF1γ autoantibodies. (nih.gov)
  • Anti-Ro52 autoantibodies are associated with interstitial lung disease and more severe disease in patients with juvenile myositis. (nih.gov)
  • Muscular and extramuscular features of myositis patients with anti-U1-RNP autoantibodies. (nih.gov)
  • Autoantibodies against specific human cytochrome P450s have been found in the sera of patients suffering from a variety of diseases, including those caused by drugs. (nih.gov)
  • Objectives We investigated whether citrullinated tenascin-C (cTNC), an extracellular matrix protein expressed at high levels in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a target for the autoantibodies in RA. (bmj.com)
  • Thus, elucidating the mechanisms for autoantibody access to the CNS may provide a wider spectrum of treatment options for patients with these complex and puzzling disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Another aim is to maximize the human-mouse cross talk in our efforts to identify tissue specific autoantigens and immunological peptides of importance in patients and mice, and to determine their role in the disease pathogenesis. (europa.eu)
  • We use the SERA platform to compare putative autoantibody signal in blood from 177 patients with ccRCC, 23 with benign kidney lesions, and ̃800 healthy controls. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Nevertheless, since the 1960s, there have been reports of autoantibodies against certain unknown components of human oral mucosa in sera of patients with BD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The positivity rates of s‑Sui1‑Abs, s‑RalA‑Abs and s‑p53‑Abs were higher for HCC compared with those of LC and CH. However, the positivity rates of s‑p62‑Abs, s‑c‑myc‑Abs and s‑NY‑ESO‑1‑Abs for HCC were not higher compared with those for LC and CH. Overall, autoantibodies were useful in differentiating patients with HCC from healthy individuals. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, in a previous study of patients with surgically resected HCC, autoantibodies against TAAs, including Sui1, RalA, p62, p53, c-myc, and NY-ESO-1, had an additive effect with α-fetoprotein (AFP) on the detection of stage I and II HCC ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Relatives of patients with autoimmune disorders often also have autoantibodies. (merckmanuals.com)
  • In this study, Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS), a fluid phase immunoassay, was used to analyze SS serum autoantibody responses to 12 recombinant autoantigens in a cohort of 17 healthy volunteers and 72 patients with primary SS. (nih.gov)
  • Additional testing revealed that certain SS patients were also seropositive for autoantibodies classically associated with other autoimmune conditions, including gastric ATPB (autoimmune gastritis), PDCE2 (primary biliary cirrhosis), RNP-A (systemic lupus erythematosus) and CENP-A (systemic sclerosis) and GAD65 (autoimmune encephalitis). (nih.gov)
  • The remarkable heterogeneity of autoantibodies observed in SS may represent a personalized diagnostic for SS patients and provides insight into the complex nature of this autoimmune disease. (nih.gov)
  • How do patients' autoantibodies cause blisters? (nih.gov)
  • Using enzyme immunoassays, researchers developed a distinct autoantibody profile in patients with pemphigus. (nih.gov)
  • Autoantigens normally sequestered from the immune system can become exposed and cause an autoimmune reaction (eg, systemic release of melanin-containing uveal cells after eye trauma triggers sympathetic ophthalmia). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Objective: The contribution of sustained autologous autoantibody production by B cells to the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is not fully understood. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Since evidence suggests that autoantibodies in T1D are not pathogenic, and may not correlate with the disease process after its initiation, they may not be useful as biomarkers for disease progression or reversal in an interventional setting. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, biomarkers that are able to identify people at risk prior to autoantibody appearance could be used to identify a window of opportunity during which immunomodulation could be more effective in preventing disease. (nih.gov)
  • A new autoantibody activity, which is almost 100% specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), has been found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There has been some evidence that Behçet's disease (BD) has a significant autoimmune component but the molecular identity of putative autoantigens has not been well characterized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IgG autoantibody testing of a subsample stored serum of specimens from NHANES (1999-2004) was conducted to estimate the prevalence and specificities of selected autoantibodies in the US population in 1999-2004. (cdc.gov)
  • Sera that showed known autoantibody specificities based on visible immunoprecipitated protein bands consistent with the combination of bands and their estimated size per the table below were recorded. (cdc.gov)
  • We have now identified one of the major autoantibody specificities using expression cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The autoantibody response to one immunodominant cTNC peptide was then analysed in 101 pre-RA sera (median 7 years before onset) and two large independent RA cohorts. (bmj.com)
  • Only 1/7 SLE sera showed anti-DFS70/LEDGF, but no other autoantibody reactivity. (jrheum.org)
  • Candidate autoantigen cDNAs were characterized by direct nucleotide sequencing and their expressed products were examined for reactivity to the entire panel of BD sera using immunoprecipitation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The finding that kinectin was an autoantigen was verified in 9 out of 39 (23%) BD patient sera by immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, this highly sensitive, multiplex method is capable of discovering new autoantibody-antigen or circulating immune complexes, many of which will likely be useful for disease detection and characterization. (nih.gov)
  • Autoantibodies may therefore be useful for kidney cancer early detection and diagnosis. (medpagetoday.com)
  • To date, the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie autoantibody-triggered encephalitic syndromes are poorly understood, and how autoantibodies breach the barrier remains obscure for almost all AE syndromes. (frontiersin.org)
  • While a number of ANA patterns detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) have diagnostic significance, autoantibodies producing the dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern have been reported to be more prevalent in healthy individuals than in SARD. (jrheum.org)
  • The significance of kinectin as a participant in autoimmune pathogenesis in BD and the potential use of autoantibody to kinectin in serodiagnostics are discussed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we have been successful in using this strategy to identify interesting autoantigens that have other biological significance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A single definitive cross reacting (thyroid/retro-orbital) autoantibody has not been identified. (bmj.com)
  • CTLA-4 polymorphisms (+49 A/G and -318 C/T) are important genetic determinants of AITD susceptibility and predisposition to high levels of thyroid autoantibodies in Polish children - preliminary study. (edu.pl)
  • Are there unidentified autoantigens out there, or is their absence indicative of alternative pathological mechanisms that we should be considering? (bmj.com)
  • High-throughput screening for native autoantigen-autoantibody complexes using antibody microarrays. (nih.gov)
  • This process also occurs in cells of the stratum corneum of the oesophagus, and this explains why autoantibodies in RA also stain this tissue in the so-called anti-keratin antibody (AKA) test. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With his colleagues, he was the first to describe smooth muscle reactive autoantibodies and this led the way to important immunological discoveries in the fields of liver disease, viral infections and neoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • New research at ACR Convergence 2023 , the American College of Rheumatology's annual meeting, demonstrates that CAR-T cell therapy could lead to sustained suppression of autoantibodies in treatment-resistant lupus while maintaining a robust response to vaccines. (lifeboat.com)
  • In order to exert their pathological effects on neural circuits, autoantibodies against central nervous system (CNS) targets must gain access to the brain and spinal cord by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly regulated gateway formed by endothelial cells lining CNS blood vessels. (frontiersin.org)
  • APS I is characterized by autoantibodies against several defined autoantigens often identical to those found in more common autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease. (europa.eu)
  • Autoantibodies were found to recognize a mitotic-associated antigen which behaves like the previously-described chromosomal passenger complex protein [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings represent the first report to date of an autoimmune response in GLPL syndrome and this work, also allow us to describe the first autoantibody directed to INCENP protein in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A similar mechanism may explain the formation of autoantibodies that have been found against other cellular targets of the reactive trifluoroacetyl chloride metabolite of halothane. (nih.gov)
  • Specifically, autoantibody-autoantigen complexes in serum or plasma are directly incubated onto a high-density antibody microarray. (nih.gov)
  • We will then outline routes for antibody and immune cell entry into the CNS, with a focus on the predominant pathways leading to BBB breakdown that allows entry of autoantibodies into the CNS. (frontiersin.org)
  • One RA-specific autoantibody that has been characterized reasonably well is the antiperinuclear factor, which was described in 1964 by two Dutch scientists [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)